Identification of CMTM6 and CMTM4 as PD-L1 protein regulators

CMTM6 and CMTM4 bind to and stabilize the inhibitory receptor PD-L1 and regulate PD-L1 levels at the surface of human tumour and immune cells. Regulating immunity evasion PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies are effective in the treatment of various cancers. In this study, Ton Schumacher and colleagues de...

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Vydané v:Nature (London) Ročník 549; číslo 7670; s. 106 - 110
Hlavní autori: Mezzadra, Riccardo, Sun, Chong, Jae, Lucas T., Gomez-Eerland, Raquel, de Vries, Evert, Wu, Wei, Logtenberg, Meike E. W., Slagter, Maarten, Rozeman, Elisa A., Hofland, Ingrid, Broeks, Annegien, Horlings, Hugo M., Wessels, Lodewyk F. A., Blank, Christian U., Xiao, Yanling, Heck, Albert J. R., Borst, Jannie, Brummelkamp, Thijn R., Schumacher, Ton N. M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London Nature Publishing Group UK 07.09.2017
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract CMTM6 and CMTM4 bind to and stabilize the inhibitory receptor PD-L1 and regulate PD-L1 levels at the surface of human tumour and immune cells. Regulating immunity evasion PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies are effective in the treatment of various cancers. In this study, Ton Schumacher and colleagues describe a haploid genetic screen to identify molecules and pathways that influence the cell surface expression of PD-L1. They identify chemokine-like factors CMTM6 and CMTM4 as cell endogenous regulators of PD-L1 stability, and suggest that this axis could be targeted therapeutically to improve cancer immunotherapy. Elsewhere in this issue, Mark Dawson and colleagues also identify CMTM6 as a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression, through a genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screen. CMTM6 functions to maintain PD-L1 at the plasma membrane by inhibiting its lysosome-mediated degradation and promoting its recycling. The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumour micro-environment, our understanding of the regulation of the PD-L1 protein is limited 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 . Here we identify, using a haploid genetic screen, CMTM6, a type-3 transmembrane protein of previously unknown function, as a regulator of the PD-L1 protein. Interference with CMTM6 expression results in impaired PD-L1 protein expression in all human tumour cell types tested and in primary human dendritic cells. Furthermore, through both a haploid genetic modifier screen in CMTM6-deficient cells and genetic complementation experiments, we demonstrate that this function is shared by its closest family member, CMTM4, but not by any of the other CMTM members tested. Notably, CMTM6 increases the PD-L1 protein pool without affecting PD-L1 (also known as CD274 ) transcription levels. Rather, we demonstrate that CMTM6 is present at the cell surface, associates with the PD-L1 protein, reduces its ubiquitination and increases PD-L1 protein half-life. Consistent with its role in PD-L1 protein regulation, CMTM6 enhances the ability of PD-L1-expressing tumour cells to inhibit T cells. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 relies on CMTM6/4 to efficiently carry out its inhibitory function, and suggest potential new avenues to block this pathway.
AbstractList The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumour micro-environment, our understanding of the regulation of the PD-L1 protein is limited. Here we identify, using a haploid genetic screen, CMTM6, a type-3 transmembrane protein of previously unknown function, as a regulator of the PD-L1 protein. Interference with CMTM6 expression results in impaired PD-L1 protein expression in all human tumour cell types tested and in primary human dendritic cells. Furthermore, through both a haploid genetic modifier screen in CMTM6-deficient cells and genetic complementation experiments, we demonstrate that this function is shared by its closest family member, CMTM4, but not by any of the other CMTM members tested. Notably, CMTM6 increases the PD-L1 protein pool without affecting PD-L1 (also known as CD274) transcription levels. Rather, we demonstrate that CMTM6 is present at the cell surface, associates with the PD-L1 protein, reduces its ubiquitination and increases PD-L1 protein half-life. Consistent with its role in PD-L1 protein regulation, CMTM6 enhances the ability of PD-L1-expressing tumour cells to inhibit T cells. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 relies on CMTM6/4 to efficiently carry out its inhibitory function, and suggest potential new avenues to block this pathway.
The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumour micro-environment, our understanding of the regulation of the PD-L1 protein is limited. Here we identify, using a haploid genetic screen, CMTM6, a type-3 transmembrane protein of previously unknown function, as a regulator of the PD-L1 protein. Interference with CMTM6 expression results in impaired PD-L1 protein expression in all human tumour cell types tested and in primary human dendritic cells. Furthermore, through both a haploid genetic modifier screen in CMTM6-deficient cells and genetic complementation experiments, we demonstrate that this function is shared by its closest family member, CMTM4, but not by any of the other CMTM members tested. Notably, CMTM6 increases the PD-L1 protein pool without affecting PD-L1 (also known as CD274) transcription levels. Rather, we demonstrate that CMTM6 is present at the cell surface, associates with the PD-L1 protein, reduces its ubiquitination and increases PD-L1 protein half-life. Consistent with its role in PD-L1 protein regulation, CMTM6 enhances the ability of PD-L1-expressing tumour cells to inhibit T cells. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 relies on CMTM6/4 to efficiently carry out its inhibitory function, and suggest potential new avenues to block this pathway.The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumour micro-environment, our understanding of the regulation of the PD-L1 protein is limited. Here we identify, using a haploid genetic screen, CMTM6, a type-3 transmembrane protein of previously unknown function, as a regulator of the PD-L1 protein. Interference with CMTM6 expression results in impaired PD-L1 protein expression in all human tumour cell types tested and in primary human dendritic cells. Furthermore, through both a haploid genetic modifier screen in CMTM6-deficient cells and genetic complementation experiments, we demonstrate that this function is shared by its closest family member, CMTM4, but not by any of the other CMTM members tested. Notably, CMTM6 increases the PD-L1 protein pool without affecting PD-L1 (also known as CD274) transcription levels. Rather, we demonstrate that CMTM6 is present at the cell surface, associates with the PD-L1 protein, reduces its ubiquitination and increases PD-L1 protein half-life. Consistent with its role in PD-L1 protein regulation, CMTM6 enhances the ability of PD-L1-expressing tumour cells to inhibit T cells. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 relies on CMTM6/4 to efficiently carry out its inhibitory function, and suggest potential new avenues to block this pathway.
The clinical benefit in patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that is observed upon blockade of the PD-1 – PD-L1 interaction has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumor-specific T cell responses1–9. In spite of the key role of PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumor micro-environment, our understanding of the regulation of the PD-L1 protein is limited10–15. Using a haploid genetic screen, we here identify CMTM6, a type 3 transmembrane protein of previously unknown function, as a regulator of the PD-L1 protein. Interference with CMTM6 expression results in impaired PD-L1 protein expression in all tumor cell types tested and in primary human dendritic cells. Furthermore, through both a haploid genetic modifier screen in CMTM6 deficient cells and genetic complementation experiments, we demonstrate that this function is shared by its closest family member CMTM4, but not by all other CMTM members tested. Notably, CMTM6 increases the PD-L1 protein pool without affecting PD-L1 transcript levels. Rather, we demonstrate that CMTM6 is present at the cell surface, associates with the PD-L1 protein, reduces its ubiquitination and increases PD-L1 protein half-life. Consistent with its role in PD-L1 protein regulation, T cell inhibitory capacity of PD-L1 expressing tumor cells is enhanced by CMTM6. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 relies on CMTM6/4 to efficiently carry out its inhibitory function, and suggest potential new avenues to block this pathway.
CMTM6 and CMTM4 bind to and stabilize the inhibitory receptor PD-L1 and regulate PD-L1 levels at the surface of human tumour and immune cells. Regulating immunity evasion PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies are effective in the treatment of various cancers. In this study, Ton Schumacher and colleagues describe a haploid genetic screen to identify molecules and pathways that influence the cell surface expression of PD-L1. They identify chemokine-like factors CMTM6 and CMTM4 as cell endogenous regulators of PD-L1 stability, and suggest that this axis could be targeted therapeutically to improve cancer immunotherapy. Elsewhere in this issue, Mark Dawson and colleagues also identify CMTM6 as a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression, through a genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screen. CMTM6 functions to maintain PD-L1 at the plasma membrane by inhibiting its lysosome-mediated degradation and promoting its recycling. The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumour micro-environment, our understanding of the regulation of the PD-L1 protein is limited 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 . Here we identify, using a haploid genetic screen, CMTM6, a type-3 transmembrane protein of previously unknown function, as a regulator of the PD-L1 protein. Interference with CMTM6 expression results in impaired PD-L1 protein expression in all human tumour cell types tested and in primary human dendritic cells. Furthermore, through both a haploid genetic modifier screen in CMTM6-deficient cells and genetic complementation experiments, we demonstrate that this function is shared by its closest family member, CMTM4, but not by any of the other CMTM members tested. Notably, CMTM6 increases the PD-L1 protein pool without affecting PD-L1 (also known as CD274 ) transcription levels. Rather, we demonstrate that CMTM6 is present at the cell surface, associates with the PD-L1 protein, reduces its ubiquitination and increases PD-L1 protein half-life. Consistent with its role in PD-L1 protein regulation, CMTM6 enhances the ability of PD-L1-expressing tumour cells to inhibit T cells. Collectively, our data reveal that PD-L1 relies on CMTM6/4 to efficiently carry out its inhibitory function, and suggest potential new avenues to block this pathway.
Audience Academic
Author Sun, Chong
Gomez-Eerland, Raquel
Rozeman, Elisa A.
Slagter, Maarten
Wu, Wei
Horlings, Hugo M.
Xiao, Yanling
Hofland, Ingrid
Wessels, Lodewyk F. A.
Mezzadra, Riccardo
Logtenberg, Meike E. W.
Jae, Lucas T.
de Vries, Evert
Broeks, Annegien
Schumacher, Ton N. M.
Heck, Albert J. R.
Brummelkamp, Thijn R.
Blank, Christian U.
Borst, Jannie
AuthorAffiliation 5 Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2 Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
9 Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
7 Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
12 CGC.nl
1 Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
6 Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
8 Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
10 Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
11 CeMM Research Center for Molecular Med
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 5 Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
– name: 8 Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 6 Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
– name: 7 Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 9 Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 10 Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 4 Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 11 CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
– name: 2 Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
– name: 12 CGC.nl
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Riccardo
  surname: Mezzadra
  fullname: Mezzadra, Riccardo
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Chong
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Chong
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lucas T.
  surname: Jae
  fullname: Jae, Lucas T.
  organization: Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Raquel
  surname: Gomez-Eerland
  fullname: Gomez-Eerland, Raquel
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Evert
  surname: de Vries
  fullname: de Vries, Evert
  organization: Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Wei
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Wei
  organization: Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Netherlands Proteomics Centre
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Meike E. W.
  surname: Logtenberg
  fullname: Logtenberg, Meike E. W.
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Maarten
  surname: Slagter
  fullname: Slagter, Maarten
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Elisa A.
  surname: Rozeman
  fullname: Rozeman, Elisa A.
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Ingrid
  surname: Hofland
  fullname: Hofland, Ingrid
  organization: Division of Pathology, Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Annegien
  surname: Broeks
  fullname: Broeks, Annegien
  organization: Division of Pathology, Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Hugo M.
  surname: Horlings
  fullname: Horlings, Hugo M.
  organization: Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Lodewyk F. A.
  surname: Wessels
  fullname: Wessels, Lodewyk F. A.
  organization: Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Christian U.
  surname: Blank
  fullname: Blank, Christian U.
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Yanling
  surname: Xiao
  fullname: Xiao, Yanling
  organization: Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Albert J. R.
  surname: Heck
  fullname: Heck, Albert J. R.
  organization: Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Netherlands Proteomics Centre
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Jannie
  surname: Borst
  fullname: Borst, Jannie
  organization: Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Thijn R.
  surname: Brummelkamp
  fullname: Brummelkamp, Thijn R.
  email: t.brummelkamp@nki.nl
  organization: Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Cancergenomics.nl
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Ton N. M.
  surname: Schumacher
  fullname: Schumacher, Ton N. M.
  email: t.schumacher@nki.nl
  organization: Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28813410$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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JE Carette (BFnature23669_CR18) 2009; 326
W Han (BFnature23669_CR22) 2003; 81
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SL Topalian (BFnature23669_CR1) 2012; 366
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SC Casey (BFnature23669_CR12) 2016; 352
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JG Doench (BFnature23669_CR30) 2016; 34
DT Le (BFnature23669_CR6) 2015; 372
JE Carette (BFnature23669_CR19) 2011; 477
Z Chen (BFnature23669_CR24) 2013; 39
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RS Herbst (BFnature23669_CR16) 2014; 515
Y Benjamini (BFnature23669_CR27) 1995; 57
RL Ferris (BFnature23669_CR9) 2016; 375
29610746 - Ann Transl Med. 2018 Feb;6(3):54
29285500 - Ann Transl Med. 2017 Dec;5(23 ):467
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Snippet CMTM6 and CMTM4 bind to and stabilize the inhibitory receptor PD-L1 and regulate PD-L1 levels at the surface of human tumour and immune cells. Regulating...
The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has...
The clinical benefit in patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that is observed upon blockade of the PD-1 – PD-L1 interaction has highlighted the...
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StartPage 106
SubjectTerms 13/1
13/106
13/109
13/21
13/31
13/44
13/51
13/89
38/47
38/70
38/77
38/89
631/208/200
631/250/251/1574
B7-H1 Antigen - biosynthesis
B7-H1 Antigen - chemistry
B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism
Cancer cells
Cancer metastasis
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell surface
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - metabolism
Genetic Complementation Test
Genetic screening
Haploidy
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
L1 protein
letter
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins - genetics
MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins - metabolism
Mass spectrometry
Medical research
Melanoma
Melanoma - genetics
Melanoma - metabolism
Metastases
multidisciplinary
PD-1 protein
PD-L1 protein
Physiological aspects
Protein Binding
Protein Stability
Proteins
Science
Scientific imaging
T cells
Thyroid cancer
Transcription
Tumors
Ubiquitination
Title Identification of CMTM6 and CMTM4 as PD-L1 protein regulators
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature23669
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28813410
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1937358894
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1932143907
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6333292
Volume 549
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