Nuclear reprogramming to a pluripotent state by three approaches

The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed, altering its pattern of gene expression, and hence its fate, to that typical of another cell type. This has been shown by three di...

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Published in:	Nature (London) Vol. 465; no. 7299; pp. 704 - 712
Main Authors:	Yamanaka, Shinya, Blau, Helen M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 10.06.2010 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/136/2444 631/136/532/2064 631/136/532/2435 631/1647/1513 Amphibians - embryology Animals Cell Fusion Cellular Reprogramming - genetics Cellular Reprogramming - physiology Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation Embryonic development Embryonic stem cells Gene expression Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism Mammals multidisciplinary Nuclear Transfer Techniques review-article Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stem cells Studies Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Transduction, Genetic
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed, altering its pattern of gene expression, and hence its fate, to that typical of another cell type. This has been shown by three distinct experimental approaches to nuclear reprogramming: nuclear transfer, cell fusion and transcription-factor transduction. Using these approaches, nuclei from 'terminally differentiated' somatic cells can be induced to express genes that are typical of embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate to form all of the cell types in the body. This remarkable discovery of cellular plasticity has important medical applications.
AbstractList	The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed, altering its pattern of gene expression, and hence its fate, to that typical of another cell type. This has been shown by three distinct experimental approaches to nuclear reprogramming: nuclear transfer, cell fusion and transcription-factor transduction. Using these approaches, nuclei from 'terminally differentiated' somatic cells can be induced to express genes that are typical of embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate to form all of the cell types in the body. This remarkable discovery of cellular plasticity has important medical applications.The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed, altering its pattern of gene expression, and hence its fate, to that typical of another cell type. This has been shown by three distinct experimental approaches to nuclear reprogramming: nuclear transfer, cell fusion and transcription-factor transduction. Using these approaches, nuclei from 'terminally differentiated' somatic cells can be induced to express genes that are typical of embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate to form all of the cell types in the body. This remarkable discovery of cellular plasticity has important medical applications. The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed, altering its pattern of gene expression, and hence its fate, to that typical of another cell type. This has been shown by three distinct experimental approaches to nuclear reprogramming: nuclear transfer, cell fusion and transcription-factor transduction. Using these approaches, nuclei from 'terminally differentiated' somatic cells can be induced to express genes that are typical of embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate to form all of the cell types in the body. This remarkable discovery of cellular plasticity has important medical applications. The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed, altering its pattern of gene expression, and hence its fate, to that typical of another cell type. This has been shown by three distinct experimental approaches to nuclear reprogramming: nuclear transfer, cell fusion and transcription-factor transduction. Using these approaches, nuclei from 'terminally differentiated' somatic cells can be induced to express genes that are typical of embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate to form all of the cell types in the body. This remarkable discovery of cellular plasticity has important medical applications. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience	Academic
Author	Yamanaka, Shinya Blau, Helen M.
AuthorAffiliation	2 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA 1 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan 3 Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA – name: 1 Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan – name: 2 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Shinya surname: Yamanaka fullname: Yamanaka, Shinya organization: Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease – sequence: 2 givenname: Helen M. surname: Blau fullname: Blau, Helen M. email: hblau2@stanford.edu organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535199$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be...
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SubjectTerms	631/136/2444 631/136/532/2064 631/136/532/2435 631/1647/1513 Amphibians - embryology Animals Cell Fusion Cellular Reprogramming - genetics Cellular Reprogramming - physiology Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation Embryonic development Embryonic stem cells Gene expression Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism Mammals multidisciplinary Nuclear Transfer Techniques review-article Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stem cells Studies Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Transduction, Genetic
Title	Nuclear reprogramming to a pluripotent state by three approaches
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