Time lag of glucose from intravascular to interstitial compartment in humans
The accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes. An important determinant of sensor accuracy is the physiological time lag of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitia...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Ročník 62; číslo 12; s. 4083 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
United States
01.12.2013
|
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1939-327X, 1939-327X |
| On-line přístup: | Zjistit podrobnosti o přístupu |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | The accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes. An important determinant of sensor accuracy is the physiological time lag of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space. We performed the first direct measurement of this phenomenon to our knowledge in eight healthy subjects under an overnight fasted condition. Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the abdominal subcutaneous space. After intravenous bolus administrations of glucose tracers, timed samples of plasma and ISF were collected sequentially and analyzed for tracer enrichments. After accounting for catheter dead space and assay noise, the mean time lag of tracer appearance in the interstitial space was 5.3-6.2 min. We conclude that in the overnight fasted state in healthy adults, the physiological delay of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space is 5-6 min. Physiological delay between blood glucose and ISF glucose, therefore, should not be an obstacle to sensor accuracy in overnight or fasting-state closed-loop systems of insulin delivery or open-loop therapy assessment for type 1 diabetes. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes. An important determinant of sensor accuracy is the physiological time lag of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space. We performed the first direct measurement of this phenomenon to our knowledge in eight healthy subjects under an overnight fasted condition. Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the abdominal subcutaneous space. After intravenous bolus administrations of glucose tracers, timed samples of plasma and ISF were collected sequentially and analyzed for tracer enrichments. After accounting for catheter dead space and assay noise, the mean time lag of tracer appearance in the interstitial space was 5.3-6.2 min. We conclude that in the overnight fasted state in healthy adults, the physiological delay of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space is 5-6 min. Physiological delay between blood glucose and ISF glucose, therefore, should not be an obstacle to sensor accuracy in overnight or fasting-state closed-loop systems of insulin delivery or open-loop therapy assessment for type 1 diabetes.The accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes. An important determinant of sensor accuracy is the physiological time lag of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space. We performed the first direct measurement of this phenomenon to our knowledge in eight healthy subjects under an overnight fasted condition. Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the abdominal subcutaneous space. After intravenous bolus administrations of glucose tracers, timed samples of plasma and ISF were collected sequentially and analyzed for tracer enrichments. After accounting for catheter dead space and assay noise, the mean time lag of tracer appearance in the interstitial space was 5.3-6.2 min. We conclude that in the overnight fasted state in healthy adults, the physiological delay of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space is 5-6 min. Physiological delay between blood glucose and ISF glucose, therefore, should not be an obstacle to sensor accuracy in overnight or fasting-state closed-loop systems of insulin delivery or open-loop therapy assessment for type 1 diabetes. The accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes. An important determinant of sensor accuracy is the physiological time lag of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space. We performed the first direct measurement of this phenomenon to our knowledge in eight healthy subjects under an overnight fasted condition. Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the abdominal subcutaneous space. After intravenous bolus administrations of glucose tracers, timed samples of plasma and ISF were collected sequentially and analyzed for tracer enrichments. After accounting for catheter dead space and assay noise, the mean time lag of tracer appearance in the interstitial space was 5.3-6.2 min. We conclude that in the overnight fasted state in healthy adults, the physiological delay of glucose transport from the vascular to the interstitial space is 5-6 min. Physiological delay between blood glucose and ISF glucose, therefore, should not be an obstacle to sensor accuracy in overnight or fasting-state closed-loop systems of insulin delivery or open-loop therapy assessment for type 1 diabetes. |
| Author | Dube, Simmi Errazuriz, Isabel Peyser, Thomas Basu, Rita Basu, Ananda Cobelli, Claudio Carter, Rickey E Amezcua, Jose Carlos Slama, Michael Kudva, Yogish C |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ananda surname: Basu fullname: Basu, Ananda organization: Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota – sequence: 2 givenname: Simmi surname: Dube fullname: Dube, Simmi – sequence: 3 givenname: Michael surname: Slama fullname: Slama, Michael – sequence: 4 givenname: Isabel surname: Errazuriz fullname: Errazuriz, Isabel – sequence: 5 givenname: Jose Carlos surname: Amezcua fullname: Amezcua, Jose Carlos – sequence: 6 givenname: Yogish C surname: Kudva fullname: Kudva, Yogish C – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas surname: Peyser fullname: Peyser, Thomas – sequence: 8 givenname: Rickey E surname: Carter fullname: Carter, Rickey E – sequence: 9 givenname: Claudio surname: Cobelli fullname: Cobelli, Claudio – sequence: 10 givenname: Rita surname: Basu fullname: Basu, Rita |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009261$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpNUE1LxDAQDbLifujBPyA5eqkmmTbdHmXxCxa8rOCtTNrpWkmaNUkF_70VFWQO83jzeLw3SzYb_ECMnUtxpQDK69ZIyKQEdcQWsoIqA1W-zP7hOVvG-CaE0NOcsLnKhaiUlgu23fWOuMU99x3f27HxkXgXvOP9kAJ-YGxGi4En_01QiKlPPVreeHfAkBwNaTrw19HhEE_ZcYc20tnvXrHnu9vd5iHbPt0_bm62WaNLnbKqMFBoWWK1rtZSCyPIlEULpsGiQJVL0KRLBJkr0C2SKCiXbWemzARG5GrFLn98D8G_jxRT7frYkLU4kB9jLXMtAabyxSS9-JWOxlFbH0LvMHzWfx9QX0n-Xdo |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_cc13921 crossref_primary_10_3390_bios15060380 crossref_primary_10_2337_db13_1649 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1957_2557_14_70688_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbe_2018_02_005 crossref_primary_10_1038_s44222_023_00067_z crossref_primary_10_4155_tde_15_12 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2017_0287 crossref_primary_10_2337_dc13_2066 crossref_primary_10_1039_D5LC00590F crossref_primary_10_1111_imj_13770 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2024_1458044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bspc_2024_106065 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbi_2016_08_022 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbio_201800441 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2023_3327466 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bspc_2025_107814 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20156440 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dsx_2021_03_017 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_21424_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11517_014_1226_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2014_07_017 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40618_017_0651_9 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2014_0415 crossref_primary_10_1002_aisy_202400822 crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202405518 crossref_primary_10_1177_1098612X221104051 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2025_1536292 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296820964844 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2023_3264037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bios_2023_115932 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_64141_x crossref_primary_10_1111_pedi_13105 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10877_019_00384_y crossref_primary_10_1038_srep16302 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2021_0236 crossref_primary_10_1111_jdi_12954 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41565_018_0112_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00134_024_07663_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2019_2917378 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2019_2962251 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_021_03811_w crossref_primary_10_2337_dsi22_0015 crossref_primary_10_3390_s18082648 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bja_2024_01_039 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23094249 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2016_0252 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296815590154 crossref_primary_10_1111_aor_14023 crossref_primary_10_3390_bios8040122 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_12431 crossref_primary_10_1111_ajt_13539 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2021_732751 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296814554797 crossref_primary_10_3390_math9060631 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0145644 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296819883306 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics9010031 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296820974748 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11428_022_00966_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_sleep_zsaf042 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2019_0132 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13613_016_0167_z crossref_primary_10_2217_bem_2020_0006 crossref_primary_10_1002_adhm_202401782 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_130301 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_020_05263_9 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2022_3194201 crossref_primary_10_1186_s42234_018_0015_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_53680_7 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2016_0112 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0205447 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13300_017_0263_6 crossref_primary_10_1177_19322968251349528 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2015_0119 crossref_primary_10_1002_idm2_12069 crossref_primary_10_4173_mic_2016_2_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_09806_w crossref_primary_10_2337_dsi22_0009 crossref_primary_10_3390_bios10100138 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296814533847 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trsl_2019_05_006 crossref_primary_10_3390_mi14071452 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajogmf_2024_101443 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296815616134 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2015_0405 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvim_15930 crossref_primary_10_1177_19322968211008446 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_1038294 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296817704443 crossref_primary_10_1177_19322968211008442 crossref_primary_10_1097_MED_0000000000000073 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296816631569 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cca_2020_12_025 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11892_021_01415_2 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2020_0619 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bios_2018_06_015 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40200_017_0327_1 crossref_primary_10_1159_000487361 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2024_0498 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvim_16216 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_018_0364_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbe_2018_06_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtbi_2021_110883 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2015_0410 crossref_primary_10_1177_1932296817699637 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_47123_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifacol_2016_07_280 crossref_primary_10_1089_dia_2014_0272 crossref_primary_10_2337_dc20_2856 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rvsc_2020_09_015 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11892_019_1177_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajcnut_2024_10_007 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.2337/db13-1132 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | no_fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1939-327X |
| ExternalDocumentID | 24009261 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS grantid: DK-29953 – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS grantid: R01 DK029953 – fundername: NCATS NIH HHS grantid: UL1 TR000135 – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS grantid: R37 DK029953 – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS grantid: DK-085516 – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS grantid: R01 DK085516 – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS grantid: DK-DP3-094331 |
| GroupedDBID | --- .55 .GJ .XZ 08P 0R~ 18M 1CY 29F 2WC 354 4.4 53G 5GY 5RE 5RS 5VS 6PF 7RV 7X7 88E 88I 8AF 8AO 8C1 8F7 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8GL 8R4 8R5 AAFWJ AAKAS AAQQT AAWTL AAYEP AAYJJ ABOCM ABUWG ACGFO ACGOD ACPRK ADBBV ADGHP ADZCM AEGXH AENEX AERZD AFFNX AFKRA AHMBA AI. AIAGR AIZAD ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AZQEC BAWUL BBNVY BCR BCU BEC BENPR BES BHPHI BKEYQ BKNYI BLC BPHCQ BTFSW BVXVI C1A CCPQU CGR CS3 CUY CVF DIK DU5 DWQXO E3Z EBS ECM EDB EIF EJD EMOBN EX3 F5P FRP FYUFA GICCO GNUQQ GUQSH GX1 H13 HCIFZ HMCUK HZ~ H~9 IAG IAO IEA IHR INH INR IOF IPO ITC J5H K-O K2M K9- KQ8 L7B LK8 M0R M1P M2O M2P M2Q M5~ M7P MVM N4W NAPCQ NPM O5R O5S O9- OB3 OHH OK1 OVD P2P PCD PEA PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO Q2X RHI RPM S0X SJFOW SJN SV3 TDI TEORI TR2 UKHRP VH1 VVN W8F WH7 WOQ WOW X7M XOL YFH YHG YOC YQJ ZGI ZXP ZY1 ~KM 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c676t-95b35617a9898160b0eb75d3bca55a24136e67a314236dae05e41dfb009e3b042 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X8 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 134 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000333738500024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1939-327X |
| IngestDate | Mon Nov 03 05:26:44 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:01:33 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 12 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c676t-95b35617a9898160b0eb75d3bca55a24136e67a314236dae05e41dfb009e3b042 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3837059 |
| PMID | 24009261 |
| PQID | 1461339395 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1461339395 pubmed_primary_24009261 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2013-12-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2013 text: 2013-12-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Diabetes |
| PublicationYear | 2013 |
| References | 11831594 - Int J Artif Organs. 2001 Dec;24(12):884-9 9727895 - Diabetes Care. 1998 Sep;21(9):1481-8 14578298 - Diabetes. 2003 Nov;52(11):2790-4 21129335 - J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 Nov;4(6):1393-9 23601378 - J Diabetes. 2013 Sep;5(3):254-7 22025773 - Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):2672-82 11475300 - Diabetes Technol Ther. 1999 Spring;1(1):21-7 23447123 - Diabetes. 2013 Jul;62(7):2223-9 20144438 - J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009 Sep;3(5):1207-14 10862997 - Neth J Med. 2000 Jul;57(1):13-9 8214596 - Anal Biochem. 1993 Aug 1;212(2):526-31 11522729 - Diabetes Care. 2001 Sep;24(9):1696-7 10862996 - Neth J Med. 2000 Jul;57(1):7-12 19674490 - Br J Nutr. 2010 Jan;103(1):134-40 19196896 - Diabetes Care. 2009 May;32(5):866-72 14511413 - Diabetes Technol Ther. 2003;5(4):589-98 23820621 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Aug 15;305(4):E557-66 12882870 - Diabetes Care. 2003 Aug;26(8):2405-9 |
| References_xml | – reference: 21129335 - J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 Nov;4(6):1393-9 – reference: 23601378 - J Diabetes. 2013 Sep;5(3):254-7 – reference: 19674490 - Br J Nutr. 2010 Jan;103(1):134-40 – reference: 8214596 - Anal Biochem. 1993 Aug 1;212(2):526-31 – reference: 12882870 - Diabetes Care. 2003 Aug;26(8):2405-9 – reference: 9727895 - Diabetes Care. 1998 Sep;21(9):1481-8 – reference: 10862996 - Neth J Med. 2000 Jul;57(1):7-12 – reference: 11522729 - Diabetes Care. 2001 Sep;24(9):1696-7 – reference: 23820621 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Aug 15;305(4):E557-66 – reference: 11475300 - Diabetes Technol Ther. 1999 Spring;1(1):21-7 – reference: 23447123 - Diabetes. 2013 Jul;62(7):2223-9 – reference: 20144438 - J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009 Sep;3(5):1207-14 – reference: 14578298 - Diabetes. 2003 Nov;52(11):2790-4 – reference: 14511413 - Diabetes Technol Ther. 2003;5(4):589-98 – reference: 22025773 - Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):2672-82 – reference: 10862997 - Neth J Med. 2000 Jul;57(1):13-9 – reference: 19196896 - Diabetes Care. 2009 May;32(5):866-72 – reference: 11831594 - Int J Artif Organs. 2001 Dec;24(12):884-9 |
| SSID | ssj0006060 |
| Score | 2.505654 |
| Snippet | The accuracy of continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose sensing is an essential component of current and emerging open- and closed-loop systems for type 1... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 4083 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Biological Transport Blood Glucose - metabolism Female Glucose - metabolism Humans Male Microdialysis Middle Aged |
| Title | Time lag of glucose from intravascular to interstitial compartment in humans |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009261 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1461339395 |
| Volume | 62 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000333738500024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEF7Uinjx_agvVvC6NMlks92TiFg8tKUHhdzCPqUgSTXV3-9OktKTIAghh4RAGGY2X-b7dj5C7jyohLvEM-8hZWnmHY68FcwmQy7c0IKyzZzZsZhOh3kuZ13Dre5klas1sVmobWWwRz5A_2kACZLfLz4YukYhu9pZaGySHgQog5Iuka-nhQdwHrWssmSQiLydLJQAiIHVMTB0Wf8dWTZfmNH-f9_tgOx12JI-tMlwSDZceUR2Jh17fkzGuN-Dvqs3WnnaadUp7i-hc2zxrkSpdFnhBcSF81D_77TVqTdy9HCDNrZ-9Ql5HT29PD6zzk2BmUxkSya5hgCWhELHyDiLdOS04Ba0UZwrpNcylwkFcQBYmVUu4i6NrQ9lKR3oUNunZKusSndOqA-4QJvIpEb4NByam4BqQCRG2tSkrk9uV3EqQrYiBaFKV33VxTpSfXLWBrtYtGM1ClSzyvBDd_GHpy_JboK-FI2u5Ir0fKhVd022zfdyXn_eNGkQztPZ5AeG5L1W |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time+lag+of+glucose+from+intravascular+to+interstitial+compartment+in+humans&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.au=Basu%2C+Ananda&rft.au=Dube%2C+Simmi&rft.au=Slama%2C+Michael&rft.au=Errazuriz%2C+Isabel&rft.date=2013-12-01&rft.issn=1939-327X&rft.eissn=1939-327X&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4083&rft_id=info:doi/10.2337%2Fdb13-1132&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1939-327X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1939-327X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1939-327X&client=summon |