Understanding how discrimination can affect health

Background To provide an overview of the empirical research linking self‐reports of racial discrimination to health status and health service utilization. Methods A review of literature reviews and meta‐analyses published from January 2013 to 2019 was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Health services research Vol. 54; no. S2; pp. 1374 - 1388
Main Authors: Williams, David R., Lawrence, Jourdyn A., Davis, Brigette A., Vu, Cecilia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Health Research and Educational Trust 01.12.2019
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
Adolescents
Adults
Child health
Children
Childrens health
Discrimination
Disease
Empirical analysis
health
Health aspects
Health Behavior
Health disparities
Health services
Health services utilization
Health Status
Healthcare Disparities
Humans
Indicators
International studies
Literature reviews
Medical care discrimination
Medical care utilization
Medicine
Mental disorders
Mental Health
Meta-analysis
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Psychosocial factors
Race discrimination
Racial discrimination
Racial inequality
Racism
Research methodology
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Side effects
Social aspects
Special Issue: Experiences of Discrimination in America
Special Issue: Experiences of Discrimination in America: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality
Systematic review
Youth
health
racism
discrimination
health disparities
mental health
ISSN:0017-9124, 1475-6773, 1475-6773
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Background To provide an overview of the empirical research linking self‐reports of racial discrimination to health status and health service utilization. Methods A review of literature reviews and meta‐analyses published from January 2013 to 2019 was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological s, and Web of Science. Articles were considered for inclusion using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Results Twenty‐nine studies met the criteria for review. Both domestic and international studies find that experiences of discrimination reported by adults are adversely related to mental health and indicators of physical health, including preclinical indicators of disease, health behaviors, utilization of care, and adherence to medical regimens. Emerging evidence also suggests that discrimination can affect the health of children and adolescents and that at least some of its adverse effects may be ameliorated by the presence of psychosocial resources. Conclusions Increasing evidence indicates that racial discrimination is an emerging risk factor for disease and a contributor to racial disparities in health. Attention is needed to strengthen research gaps and to advance our understanding of the optimal interventions that can reduce the negative effects of discrimination.
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ISSN:0017-9124
1475-6773
1475-6773
DOI:10.1111/1475-6773.13222