The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and r...

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Vydané v:	Nature reviews. Genetics Ročník 22; číslo 12; s. 757 - 773
Hlavní autori:	Tao, Kaiming, Tzou, Philip L, Nouhin, Janin, Gupta, Ravindra K, de Oliveira, Tulio, Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L, Fera, Daniela, Shafer, Robert W
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England Nature Publishing Group 01.12.2021
Predmet:	Biological Evolution Clinical aspects Clinical significance Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - virology Disease transmission Epidemiology Epitopes - immunology Genetic diversity Herd immunity Humans Medical research Monoclonal antibodies Mutation Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity SARS-CoV-2 - physiology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology Spike protein Vaccination Vaccine efficacy Viruses
ISSN:	1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
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Abstract	The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research.
AbstractList	The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research. The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research.In this Review, the authors describe our latest understanding of the emergence and properties of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants, particularly those designated as WHO (World Health Organization) ‘variants of concern’. They focus on the consequences of these variants for antibody-mediated virus neutralization, with important implications for reinfection risk and for vaccine effectiveness. The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research.The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research.
Author	Nouhin, Janin Tao, Kaiming Gupta, Ravindra K Tzou, Philip L Fera, Daniela Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L de Oliveira, Tulio Shafer, Robert W
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kaiming surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Kaiming organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Philip L surname: Tzou fullname: Tzou, Philip L organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Janin orcidid: 0000-0003-4985-8377 surname: Nouhin fullname: Nouhin, Janin organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Ravindra K surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Ravindra K organization: Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Tulio surname: de Oliveira fullname: de Oliveira, Tulio organization: KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa – sequence: 6 givenname: Sergei L surname: Kosakovsky Pond fullname: Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L organization: Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Daniela orcidid: 0000-0002-1706-9288 surname: Fera fullname: Fera, Daniela organization: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Robert W orcidid: 0000-0003-2513-2643 surname: Shafer fullname: Shafer, Robert W email: rshafer@stanford.edu, rshafer@stanford.edu organization: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. rshafer@stanford.edu
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535792$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2021. Springer Nature Limited. Springer Nature Limited 2021.
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2021. Springer Nature Limited. – notice: Springer Nature Limited 2021.
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Snippet	The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and...
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SubjectTerms	Biological Evolution Clinical aspects Clinical significance Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - virology Disease transmission Epidemiology Epitopes - immunology Genetic diversity Herd immunity Humans Medical research Monoclonal antibodies Mutation Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity SARS-CoV-2 - physiology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology Spike protein Vaccination Vaccine efficacy Viruses
Title	The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
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