The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and r...

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Vydáno v:Nature reviews. Genetics Ročník 22; číslo 12; s. 757 - 773
Hlavní autoři: Tao, Kaiming, Tzou, Philip L, Nouhin, Janin, Gupta, Ravindra K, de Oliveira, Tulio, Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L, Fera, Daniela, Shafer, Robert W
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Nature Publishing Group 01.12.2021
Témata:
Biological Evolution
Clinical aspects
Clinical significance
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - virology
Disease transmission
Epidemiology
Epitopes - immunology
Genetic diversity
Herd immunity
Humans
Medical research
Monoclonal antibodies
Mutation
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Spike protein
Vaccination
Vaccine efficacy
Viruses
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
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Shrnutí:The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research.
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ISSN:1471-0056
1471-0064
1471-0064
DOI:10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x