Mapping changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015

Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 1 , 2 . Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature (London) Vol. 568; no. 7752; pp. 391 - 394
Main Authors: Tusting, Lucy S., Bisanzio, Donal, Alabaster, Graham, Cameron, Ewan, Cibulskis, Richard, Davies, Michael, Flaxman, Seth, Gibson, Harry S., Knudsen, Jakob, Mbogo, Charles, Okumu, Fredros O., von Seidlein, Lorenz, Weiss, Daniel J., Lindsay, Steve W., Gething, Peter W., Bhatt, Samir
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2019
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
692/308/174
692/499
704/844/2787
706/134
706/689/159
Affordable housing
Africa South of the Sahara
Africans
Confidence intervals
Economic aspects
Educational Status
Family Characteristics
Flooring
Geographic Mapping
Geostatistics
Ghettos
Houses
Housing
Housing - economics
Housing - statistics & numerical data
Housing - supply & distribution
Housing conditions
Housing development
Human rights
Human security
Humanities and Social Sciences
Letter
Mapping
Metropolitan areas
multidisciplinary
Nutrition
Planning
Population
Principal components analysis
Rural areas
Rural housing
Sanitation
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Socioeconomic Factors
Sustainable development
Sustainable Development - economics
Urban areas
Urban population
Urban populations
Water
Water resource management
Africa South of the Sahara
Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa
ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 1 , 2 . Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10–12%) to 23% (21–25%). However, 53 (50–57) million urban Africans (47% (44–50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals. The prevalence of improved housing (with improved drinking water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa doubled between 2000 and 2015.
AbstractList Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.sup.1,2. Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10-12%) to 23% (21-25%). However, 53 (50-57) million urban Africans (47% (44-50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals1,2. Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10-12%) to 23% (21-25%). However, 53 (50-57) million urban Africans (47% (44-50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals.Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals1,2. Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10-12%) to 23% (21-25%). However, 53 (50-57) million urban Africans (47% (44-50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 1 , 2 . Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10–12%) to 23% (21–25%). However, 53 (50–57) million urban Africans (47% (44–50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals. The prevalence of improved housing (with improved drinking water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa doubled between 2000 and 2015.
Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals . Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10-12%) to 23% (21-25%). However, 53 (50-57) million urban Africans (47% (44-50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10-12%) to 23% (21-25%). However, 53 (50-57) million urban Africans (47% (44-50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.sup.1,2. Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10-12%) to 23% (21-25%). However, 53 (50-57) million urban Africans (47% (44-50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals. The prevalence of improved housing (with improved drinking water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa doubled between 2000 and 2015.
Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals1,2. Globally, the housing need is most acute in Africa, where the population will more than double by 2050. However, existing data on housing quality across Africa are limited primarily to urban areas and are mostly recorded at the national level. Here we quantify changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 by combining national survey data within a geostatistical framework. We show a marked transformation of housing in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, with the prevalence of improved housing (with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) doubling from 11% (95% confidence interval, 10–12%) to 23% (21–25%). However, 53 (50–57) million urban Africans (47% (44–50%) of the urban population analysed) were living in unimproved housing in 2015. We provide high-resolution, standardized estimates of housing conditions across sub-Saharan Africa. Our maps provide a baseline for measuring change and a mechanism to guide interventions during the era of the Sustainable Development Goals. The prevalence of improved housing (with improved drinking water and sanitation, sufficient living area and durable construction) in urban and rural sub-Saharan Africa doubled between 2000 and 2015.
Audience Academic
Author Mbogo, Charles
Okumu, Fredros O.
Alabaster, Graham
Cibulskis, Richard
Gibson, Harry S.
Lindsay, Steve W.
Flaxman, Seth
Weiss, Daniel J.
Tusting, Lucy S.
Knudsen, Jakob
Davies, Michael
Gething, Peter W.
Cameron, Ewan
Bhatt, Samir
von Seidlein, Lorenz
Bisanzio, Donal
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Lucy S.
  surname: Tusting
  fullname: Tusting, Lucy S.
  email: lucy.tusting@lshtm.ac.uk
  organization: Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Donal
  surname: Bisanzio
  fullname: Bisanzio, Donal
  organization: RTI International, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Graham
  surname: Alabaster
  fullname: Alabaster, Graham
  organization: United Nations Human Settlements Programme
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Ewan
  surname: Cameron
  fullname: Cameron, Ewan
  organization: Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Richard
  surname: Cibulskis
  fullname: Cibulskis, Richard
  organization: Health Metrics and Measurement Cluster, World Health Organization
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Davies
  fullname: Davies, Michael
  organization: UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), University College London
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Seth
  surname: Flaxman
  fullname: Flaxman, Seth
  organization: Department of Mathematics and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Harry S.
  surname: Gibson
  fullname: Gibson, Harry S.
  organization: Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Jakob
  surname: Knudsen
  fullname: Knudsen, Jakob
  organization: School of Architecture, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Charles
  surname: Mbogo
  fullname: Mbogo, Charles
  organization: Kenya Medical Research Institute, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Fredros O.
  surname: Okumu
  fullname: Okumu, Fredros O.
  organization: Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Lorenz
  surname: von Seidlein
  fullname: von Seidlein, Lorenz
  organization: Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Daniel J.
  surname: Weiss
  fullname: Weiss, Daniel J.
  organization: Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Steve W.
  surname: Lindsay
  fullname: Lindsay, Steve W.
  organization: Department of Biosciences, Durham University
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Peter W.
  surname: Gething
  fullname: Gething, Peter W.
  organization: Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Samir
  surname: Bhatt
  fullname: Bhatt, Samir
  organization: Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918405$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kktv1DAAhC1URLcLP4ALiuACQim241cuSMuKR6UCEl2Jo-V1nKyrxE7tBMG_x9G2tKm2KAdH9jfjx8wJOHLeGQCeI3iKYCHeRYKoYDlEZY4ghTl9BBaIcJYTJvgRWECIRQ5FwY7BSYyXEEKKOHkCjgtYIkEgXYAPX1XfW9dkeqdcY2JmXbbzY5ym0m8ct_mF2qmgXLaqg9Uqq4PvMpy8ssGnEdGn4HGt2mieXY9LsPn0cbP-kp9__3y2Xp3nmnE85JhCYUTFmMBCwwrCuhAVJIqUNTEFQlyXqFBbVBlOUMGZECQtCGOgLvDWFEvwfm_bj9vOVNq4IahW9sF2KvyRXlk5X3F2Jxv_SzIuiGAkGby-Ngj-ajRxkJ2N2rStcibdWGJUplehJB1jCV7dQy_9GFy6ncQYMUwRFOUt1ajWSOtqn_bVk6lcUYG54JQWicoPUI1xJh0y5VnbND3jXx7gdW-v5F3o9ACUvsp0Vh90fTMTJGYwv4dGjTHKs4sfc_btw-xq83P9bU6_uJvLv0BuOpYAvgd08DEGU0ttBzVYP8VkW4mgnNos922Wqc1yarOclOie8sb8fxq818TEpkaH2-geFv0FYMv-DQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_S2542_5196_25_00046_4
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0250847
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exis_2023_101364
crossref_primary_10_1080_19475705_2023_2197104
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0244284
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_022_06461_z
crossref_primary_10_1128_aem_00669_25
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_022_04321_4
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2019_001892
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seps_2020_100951
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_021_12224_3
crossref_primary_10_7189_jogh_10_020413
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_16185_w
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10531_020_02027_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2023_104863
crossref_primary_10_1038_s44284_025_00273_3
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_020_3108_0
crossref_primary_10_1002_fee_2795
crossref_primary_10_1177_1420326X241263421
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_177792
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0012751
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41597_025_04730_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15075822
crossref_primary_10_1080_09613218_2021_1953369
crossref_primary_10_3390_agriculture12101732
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_020_03327_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nexres_2025_100362
crossref_primary_10_1002_ldr_4130
crossref_primary_10_1080_23748834_2022_2078071
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_020_03236_2
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_021_03943_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pt_2019_06_005
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_020_3133_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2022_104033
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12887_023_03992_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10888_022_09545_7
crossref_primary_10_1186_s41118_024_00231_2
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_60195_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_erss_2020_101715
crossref_primary_10_11648_j_frontiers_20250503_14
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_021_03951_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10708_024_11122_6
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14010446
crossref_primary_10_1080_02673037_2020_1823331
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_024_05012_y
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_2021_069671
crossref_primary_10_4081_hls_2023_11204
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0262858
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_023_08717_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_habitatint_2025_103405
crossref_primary_10_14267_VEZTUD_2025_07_08_06
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph181910138
crossref_primary_10_3390_rs13173385
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2024_001379
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11524_023_00804_0
crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202016905009
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2024_090464
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_habitatint_2025_103403
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003055
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_23679_8
crossref_primary_10_3390_fishes7030131
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_024_05234_0
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0003805
crossref_primary_10_3390_land11010037
crossref_primary_10_4102_apsdpr_v12i1_800
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_021_25910_y
crossref_primary_10_3389_frsc_2023_1130758
crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvs_2022_979698
crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiaa653
crossref_primary_10_1080_23748834_2019_1684771
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pdisas_2021_100211
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_021_10234_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11524_024_00936_x
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_019_3048_8
crossref_primary_10_1108_TQM_12_2019_0302
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_5387296
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijdrr_2022_103433
crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed7100316
crossref_primary_10_1057_s41287_020_00317_5
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2022_011137
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph16203948
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oneear_2021_07_008
crossref_primary_10_1111_sjtg_12533
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_07837_6
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTARS_2024_3353754
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003578
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10901_025_10217_x
crossref_primary_10_1111_tmi_13496
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eiar_2021_106591
crossref_primary_10_1093_trstmh_traa092
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cities_2025_105779
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_22361_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chieco_2025_102368
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_023_04499_1
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0009091
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11205_021_02677_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wdp_2021_100371
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13561_025_00660_5
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2025_1578658
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph21010078
crossref_primary_10_3917_popu_2203_0467
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cities_2022_104059
crossref_primary_10_3390_resources8040171
crossref_primary_10_3390_su12104047
crossref_primary_10_1080_23748834_2021_1894843
crossref_primary_10_4081_gh_2021_910
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodpol_2022_102362
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_025_09465_2
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_023_07991_w
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11111_025_00476_9
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_43816_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_habitatint_2021_102476
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2020_102526
Cites_doi 10.1038/nature15535
10.1038/nature25181
10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.012
10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30010-X
10.1186/1478-7954-6-5
10.1016/j.spasta.2018.02.002
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01956.x
10.1198/016214506000001437
10.1038/sdata.2017.1
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003228
10.1093/heapol/czl029
10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.009
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002234
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2019
COPYRIGHT 2019 Nature Publishing Group
Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 18, 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2019
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2019 Nature Publishing Group
– notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 18, 2019
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
ATWCN
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QP
7QR
7RV
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7TG
7TK
7TM
7TO
7U9
7X2
7X7
7XB
88A
88E
88G
88I
8AF
8AO
8C1
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8G5
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
ATCPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKSAR
C1K
CCPQU
D1I
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
GUQSH
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
KB.
KB0
KL.
L6V
LK8
M0K
M0S
M1P
M2M
M2O
M2P
M7N
M7P
M7S
MBDVC
NAPCQ
P5Z
P62
P64
PATMY
PCBAR
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PSYQQ
PTHSS
PYCSY
Q9U
R05
RC3
S0X
SOI
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1038/s41586-019-1050-5
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
Gale In Context: Middle School
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Environment Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Neurosciences Abstracts
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Agricultural Science Collection
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Biology Database (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Psychology Database (Alumni)
Science Database (Alumni Edition)
STEM Database
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Public Health Database
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection (subscription)
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
Biological Science Collection
eLibrary
ProQuest Central - New (Subscription)
Technology Collection
Natural Science Collection
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
Proquest Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Materials Science Database
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biological Sciences
Agricultural Science Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database ProQuest
Psychology Database
Research Library
Science Database (subscription)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Biological Science Database
Engineering Database
Research Library (Corporate)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
AAdvanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (subscription)
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Database (subscripiton)
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest One Psychology
Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
University of Michigan
Genetics Abstracts
SIRS Editorial
Environment Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Agricultural Science Database
ProQuest One Psychology
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
elibrary
ProQuest AP Science
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
Chemoreception Abstracts
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Engineering Database
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
Agricultural Science Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Collection
Entomology Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
University of Michigan
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
SIRS Editorial
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Science Journals
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest Psychology Journals (Alumni)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest Psychology Journals
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Immunology Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList



MEDLINE - Academic

MEDLINE
Agricultural Science Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PATMY
  name: Environmental Science Database (subscripiton)
  url: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Sciences (General)
Physics
EISSN 1476-4687
EndPage 394
ExternalDocumentID PMC6784864
A582787553
30918405
10_1038_s41586_019_1050_5
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Africa South of the Sahara
Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Africa South of the Sahara
– name: Sub-Saharan Africa
– name: Africa
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Wellcome Trust
– fundername: Medical Research Council
  grantid: MR/R015600/1
– fundername: Medical Research Council
  grantid: MR/N011570/1
– fundername: Medical Research Council
  grantid: MR/N011570/2
– fundername: Medical Research Council
  grantid: G0400031
– fundername: World Health Organization
  grantid: 001
GroupedDBID ---
--Z
-DZ
-ET
-~X
.55
.CO
.XZ
07C
0R~
0WA
123
186
1OL
1VR
29M
2KS
2XV
39C
41X
53G
5RE
6TJ
70F
7RV
7X2
7X7
7XC
85S
88A
88E
88I
8AF
8AO
8C1
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8G5
8R4
8R5
8WZ
97F
97L
A6W
A7Z
AAEEF
AAHBH
AAHTB
AAIKC
AAKAB
AAMNW
AASDW
AAYEP
AAYZH
AAZLF
ABDQB
ABFSI
ABIVO
ABJCF
ABJNI
ABLJU
ABOCM
ABPEJ
ABPPZ
ABUWG
ABWJO
ABZEH
ACBEA
ACBWK
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACGOD
ACIWK
ACKOT
ACMJI
ACNCT
ACPRK
ACWUS
ADBBV
ADFRT
ADUKH
AENEX
AEUYN
AFBBN
AFFNX
AFKRA
AFLOW
AFRAH
AFSHS
AGAYW
AGHSJ
AGHTU
AGSOS
AHMBA
AHSBF
AIDAL
AIDUJ
ALFFA
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMTXH
ARAPS
ARMCB
ASPBG
ATCPS
ATWCN
AVWKF
AXYYD
AZFZN
AZQEC
BBNVY
BCU
BEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BIN
BKEYQ
BKKNO
BKSAR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
CJ0
CS3
D1I
D1J
D1K
DU5
DWQXO
E.-
E.L
EAP
EBS
EE.
EJD
EMH
EPS
ESX
EX3
EXGXG
F5P
FEDTE
FQGFK
FSGXE
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
HG6
HMCUK
HVGLF
HZ~
I-F
IAO
ICQ
IEA
IEP
IGS
IH2
IHR
INH
INR
IOF
IPY
ISR
ITC
K6-
KB.
KOO
L6V
L7B
LK5
LK8
LSO
M0K
M0L
M1P
M2M
M2O
M2P
M7P
M7R
M7S
N9A
NAPCQ
NEPJS
O9-
OBC
OES
OHH
OMK
OVD
P2P
P62
PATMY
PCBAR
PDBOC
PKN
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PSYQQ
PTHSS
PYCSY
Q2X
R05
RND
RNS
RNT
RNTTT
RXW
S0X
SC5
SHXYY
SIXXV
SJFOW
SJN
SNYQT
SOJ
SV3
TAE
TAOOD
TBHMF
TDRGL
TEORI
TN5
TSG
TWZ
U5U
UIG
UKHRP
UKR
UMD
UQL
VQA
VVN
WH7
WOW
X7M
XIH
XKW
XZL
Y6R
YAE
YCJ
YFH
YIF
YIN
YNT
YOC
YQT
YR2
YR5
YXB
YZZ
Z5M
ZCA
ZE2
~02
~7V
~88
~KM
AARCD
AAYXX
ABFSG
ABUFD
ACSTC
ADXHL
AEZWR
AFANA
AFFHD
AFHIU
AGSTI
AHWEU
AIXLP
ALPWD
ATHPR
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
TUS
.-4
.GJ
.HR
00M
08P
1CY
1VW
354
3EH
3O-
4.4
41~
42X
4R4
663
79B
9M8
A8Z
AAJYS
AAKAS
AAVBQ
ABAWZ
ABDBF
ABDPE
ABEFU
ABNNU
ACBNA
ACBTR
ACRPL
ACTDY
ACUHS
ADGHP
ADNMO
ADRHT
ADYSU
ADZCM
AETEA
AFFDN
AFHKK
AGCDD
AGGDT
AGNAY
AGQPQ
AIYXT
AJUXI
APEBS
ARTTT
B0M
BCR
BDKGC
BES
BKOMP
BLC
CGR
CUY
CVF
DB5
DO4
EAD
EAS
EAZ
EBC
EBD
EBO
ECC
ECM
EIF
EMB
EMF
EMK
EMOBN
EPL
ESE
ESN
FA8
FAC
J5H
L-9
LGEZI
LOTEE
MVM
N4W
NADUK
NEJ
NFIDA
NPM
NXXTH
ODYON
OHT
P-O
PEA
PM3
PV9
QS-
R4F
RHI
SKT
TH9
TUD
UBY
UHB
USG
VOH
X7L
XOL
YJ6
YQI
YQJ
YV5
YXA
YYP
YYQ
ZCG
ZGI
ZHY
ZKB
ZY4
~8M
~G0
ACMFV
AEIIB
PMFND
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7TG
7TK
7TM
7TO
7U9
7XB
8FD
8FK
C1K
FR3
H94
K9.
KL.
M7N
MBDVC
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
RC3
SOI
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c672t-2508e8d66828c0d00f38d04a49f4e3117c913ab1de741376884f4e8ee0c32be3
IEDL.DBID M7P
ISICitedReferencesCount 130
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000464950700056&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0028-0836
1476-4687
IngestDate Tue Nov 04 02:02:06 EST 2025
Fri Sep 05 10:47:02 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 06:59:07 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 11 10:26:30 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 11:36:51 EST 2025
Tue Jun 10 15:33:37 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 17:57:33 EST 2025
Thu Nov 13 15:07:36 EST 2025
Thu Nov 13 15:06:50 EST 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:36:54 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 02:39:02 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:58:34 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:38:45 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7752
Language English
License Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c672t-2508e8d66828c0d00f38d04a49f4e3117c913ab1de741376884f4e8ee0c32be3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6784864
PMID 30918405
PQID 2216251089
PQPubID 40569
PageCount 4
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6784864
proquest_miscellaneous_2199185491
proquest_journals_2216251089
gale_infotracmisc_A582787553
gale_infotracgeneralonefile_A582787553
gale_infotraccpiq_582787553
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A582787553
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A582787553
gale_incontextgauss_ATWCN_A582787553
pubmed_primary_30918405
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41586_019_1050_5
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_019_1050_5
springer_journals_10_1038_s41586_019_1050_5
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-04-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-04-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-04-00
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationSubtitle International weekly journal of science
PublicationTitle Nature (London)
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nature
PublicationTitleAlternate Nature
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
References EschTDimensioning urbanization — an advanced procedure for characterizing human settlement properties and patterns using spatial network analysisAppl. Geogr.20145521222810.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.009
DHS Program. Survey Searchhttps://dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey-search.cfm (ICF International, 2015).
NoorAMAleganaVAGethingPWTatemAJSnowRWUsing remotely sensed night-time light as a proxy for poverty in AfricaPopul. Health Metr.2008610.1186/1478-7954-6-5
EschTBreaking new ground in mapping human settlements from space — The Global Urban FootprintISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.201713430422017JPRS..134...30E10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.012
United Nations. World Population Prospects, 2015 Revision. (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015).
LloydCTSorichettaATatemAJHigh resolution global gridded data for use in population studiesSci. Data2017410.1038/sdata.2017.1
United Nations. New Urban Agenda. In The United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development Habitat III. (United Nations, 2016).
UN Habitat. UN-Habitat Urban Datahttp://urbandata.unhabitat.org/ (UN Habitat, 2018).
ClasenTFInterventions to improve disposal of human excreta for preventing diarrhoeaCochrane Database Syst. Rev.20106CD007180
Trabucco, A. & Zomer, R. J. Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Databasehttps://cgiarcsi.community/ (CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information, 2009).
SchölkopfBSmolaAMüllerK-RKernel Principal Component Analysis1997BerlinSpringer583588
FAO. Global Map of Irrigation Areas (GMIA). (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2016).
RekJCRapid improvements to rural Ugandan housing and their association with malaria from intense to reduced transmission: a cohort studyLancet Planet. Health20182e83e9410.1016/S2542-5196(18)30010-X
United Nations. Indicators for Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals: 7.10 Proportion of Urban Population Living in Slums. (United Nations, 2012).
BhattSThe effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015Nature20155262072111:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsFersLrN2015Natur.526..207B10.1038/nature15535
United Nations. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General. (UN Economic and Social Council, 2016).
United Nations. Millennium Development Goals Indicators: Data Downloadhttps://unstats.un.org/UNSD/MDG/Data.aspx (United Nations, 2018).
UNICEF. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey List. (United Nations Childrens’ Fund, 2015).
ICF International. Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology. (ICF International, 2011).
TonJ-FFlaxmanSSejdinovicDBhattSSpatial mapping with Gaussian processes and nonstationary Fourier featuresSpat. Stat.2018285978388715610.1016/j.spasta.2018.02.002
GneitingTRafteryAEStrictly proper scoring rules, prediction, and estimationJ. Am. Stat. Assoc.20071023593781:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXisVyqsb4%3D234554810.1198/016214506000001437
Gal, Y., Hron, J. & Kendall, A. Concrete dropout. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.07832 (2017).
Rutstein, S. O. Steps to Constructing the New DHS Wealth Index (ICF International, 2015).
ParbyJIStocktaking of the Housing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities2015Washington DCWorld Bank
CAHF. Housing Finance inAfrica: A Review of Africa’s Housing Finance Markets. (The Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa, 2018).
UNDESA. Methodology Sheets: Proportion of Urban Population Living in Slums. (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007).
TustingLSHousing improvements and malaria risk in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of survey dataPLoS Med.201714e100223410.1371/journal.pmed.1002234
Farha, L. Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living. (UN General Assembly, 2015).
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. Drinking-Water and Sanitation Categories for Monitoring Purposes. (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2016).
SrivastavaNHintonGKrizhevskyASutskeverISalakhutdinovRDropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfittingJ. Mach. Learn. Res.2014151929195832315921318.68153
TenenbaumJBde SilvaVLangfordJCA global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reductionScience2000290231923231:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fnt1yitQ%3D%3D2000Sci...290.2319T10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
Kingma, D. P. & Ba, J. Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980 (2017).
NewtonMARafteryAEApproximate Bayesian inference with the Weighted Likelihood BootstrapJ. R. Stat. Soc. B19945632612577930788.62026
UN Habitat. State of African Cities 2014: Re-imagining Sustainable Urban Transitions. (UN Habitat, 2014).
Van Der MaatenLHintonGHVisualizing data using t-SNEJ. Mach. Learn. Res.20089257926051225.68219
WilsonALBenefit of insecticide-treated nets, curtains and screening on vector borne diseases, excluding malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysisPLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.20148e322810.1371/journal.pntd.0003228
VyasSKumaranayakeLConstructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysisHealth Policy Plan.20062145946810.1093/heapol/czl029
Rahimi, A. & Recht, B. Random features for large-scale kernel machines. In Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20 (eds Platt, J. C. et al.) (Neural Information Processing Systems, 2007).
Habitat for Humanity International. Mapping Poverty Housing. (Habitat for Humanity International, 2008).
Bughin, J. et al. Lions on the Move II: Realizing the Potential of Africa’s Economies. (McKinsey Global Institute, 2016).
WeissDJA global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015Nature20185533333361:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXntVGgtg%3D%3D2018Natur.553..333W10.1038/nature25181
1050_CR17
1050_CR15
1050_CR37
B Schölkopf (1050_CR39) 1997
1050_CR35
TF Clasen (1050_CR28) 2010; 6
1050_CR11
1050_CR33
JB Tenenbaum (1050_CR38) 2000; 290
1050_CR34
T Gneiting (1050_CR36) 2007; 102
1050_CR31
S Vyas (1050_CR41) 2006; 21
1050_CR10
1050_CR32
AM Noor (1050_CR14) 2008; 6
1050_CR30
JI Parby (1050_CR6) 2015
LS Tusting (1050_CR27) 2017; 14
AL Wilson (1050_CR26) 2014; 8
1050_CR2
1050_CR3
J-F Ton (1050_CR18) 2018; 28
L Maaten Van Der (1050_CR40) 2008; 9
1050_CR1
T Esch (1050_CR12) 2014; 55
1050_CR8
1050_CR9
1050_CR7
1050_CR29
1050_CR4
N Srivastava (1050_CR19) 2014; 15
1050_CR24
1050_CR25
DJ Weiss (1050_CR13) 2018; 553
1050_CR21
T Esch (1050_CR23) 2017; 134
JC Rek (1050_CR5) 2018; 2
MA Newton (1050_CR20) 1994; 56
CT Lloyd (1050_CR22) 2017; 4
S Bhatt (1050_CR16) 2015; 526
References_xml – reference: UN Habitat. UN-Habitat Urban Datahttp://urbandata.unhabitat.org/ (UN Habitat, 2018).
– reference: Farha, L. Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living. (UN General Assembly, 2015).
– reference: Kingma, D. P. & Ba, J. Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980 (2017).
– reference: ICF International. Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology. (ICF International, 2011).
– reference: RekJCRapid improvements to rural Ugandan housing and their association with malaria from intense to reduced transmission: a cohort studyLancet Planet. Health20182e83e9410.1016/S2542-5196(18)30010-X
– reference: EschTBreaking new ground in mapping human settlements from space — The Global Urban FootprintISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.201713430422017JPRS..134...30E10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.012
– reference: GneitingTRafteryAEStrictly proper scoring rules, prediction, and estimationJ. Am. Stat. Assoc.20071023593781:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXisVyqsb4%3D234554810.1198/016214506000001437
– reference: ParbyJIStocktaking of the Housing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities2015Washington DCWorld Bank
– reference: DHS Program. Survey Searchhttps://dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey-search.cfm (ICF International, 2015).
– reference: LloydCTSorichettaATatemAJHigh resolution global gridded data for use in population studiesSci. Data2017410.1038/sdata.2017.1
– reference: UN Habitat. State of African Cities 2014: Re-imagining Sustainable Urban Transitions. (UN Habitat, 2014).
– reference: UNICEF. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey List. (United Nations Childrens’ Fund, 2015).
– reference: CAHF. Housing Finance inAfrica: A Review of Africa’s Housing Finance Markets. (The Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa, 2018).
– reference: WeissDJA global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015Nature20185533333361:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXntVGgtg%3D%3D2018Natur.553..333W10.1038/nature25181
– reference: UNDESA. Methodology Sheets: Proportion of Urban Population Living in Slums. (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007).
– reference: NewtonMARafteryAEApproximate Bayesian inference with the Weighted Likelihood BootstrapJ. R. Stat. Soc. B19945632612577930788.62026
– reference: WilsonALBenefit of insecticide-treated nets, curtains and screening on vector borne diseases, excluding malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysisPLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.20148e322810.1371/journal.pntd.0003228
– reference: ClasenTFInterventions to improve disposal of human excreta for preventing diarrhoeaCochrane Database Syst. Rev.20106CD007180
– reference: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. Drinking-Water and Sanitation Categories for Monitoring Purposes. (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2016).
– reference: United Nations. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General. (UN Economic and Social Council, 2016).
– reference: EschTDimensioning urbanization — an advanced procedure for characterizing human settlement properties and patterns using spatial network analysisAppl. Geogr.20145521222810.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.009
– reference: United Nations. Indicators for Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals: 7.10 Proportion of Urban Population Living in Slums. (United Nations, 2012).
– reference: Rutstein, S. O. Steps to Constructing the New DHS Wealth Index (ICF International, 2015).
– reference: United Nations. Millennium Development Goals Indicators: Data Downloadhttps://unstats.un.org/UNSD/MDG/Data.aspx (United Nations, 2018).
– reference: Bughin, J. et al. Lions on the Move II: Realizing the Potential of Africa’s Economies. (McKinsey Global Institute, 2016).
– reference: TenenbaumJBde SilvaVLangfordJCA global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reductionScience2000290231923231:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fnt1yitQ%3D%3D2000Sci...290.2319T10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
– reference: Trabucco, A. & Zomer, R. J. Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Databasehttps://cgiarcsi.community/ (CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information, 2009).
– reference: United Nations. New Urban Agenda. In The United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development Habitat III. (United Nations, 2016).
– reference: Gal, Y., Hron, J. & Kendall, A. Concrete dropout. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.07832 (2017).
– reference: Van Der MaatenLHintonGHVisualizing data using t-SNEJ. Mach. Learn. Res.20089257926051225.68219
– reference: NoorAMAleganaVAGethingPWTatemAJSnowRWUsing remotely sensed night-time light as a proxy for poverty in AfricaPopul. Health Metr.2008610.1186/1478-7954-6-5
– reference: TustingLSHousing improvements and malaria risk in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of survey dataPLoS Med.201714e100223410.1371/journal.pmed.1002234
– reference: Habitat for Humanity International. Mapping Poverty Housing. (Habitat for Humanity International, 2008).
– reference: BhattSThe effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015Nature20155262072111:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsFersLrN2015Natur.526..207B10.1038/nature15535
– reference: United Nations. World Population Prospects, 2015 Revision. (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015).
– reference: SchölkopfBSmolaAMüllerK-RKernel Principal Component Analysis1997BerlinSpringer583588
– reference: TonJ-FFlaxmanSSejdinovicDBhattSSpatial mapping with Gaussian processes and nonstationary Fourier featuresSpat. Stat.2018285978388715610.1016/j.spasta.2018.02.002
– reference: Rahimi, A. & Recht, B. Random features for large-scale kernel machines. In Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 20 (eds Platt, J. C. et al.) (Neural Information Processing Systems, 2007).
– reference: FAO. Global Map of Irrigation Areas (GMIA). (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2016).
– reference: SrivastavaNHintonGKrizhevskyASutskeverISalakhutdinovRDropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfittingJ. Mach. Learn. Res.2014151929195832315921318.68153
– reference: VyasSKumaranayakeLConstructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysisHealth Policy Plan.20062145946810.1093/heapol/czl029
– volume: 526
  start-page: 207
  year: 2015
  ident: 1050_CR16
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature15535
– ident: 1050_CR17
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2579
  year: 2008
  ident: 1050_CR40
  publication-title: J. Mach. Learn. Res.
– ident: 1050_CR21
– volume: 553
  start-page: 333
  year: 2018
  ident: 1050_CR13
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature25181
– ident: 1050_CR15
– start-page: 583
  volume-title: Kernel Principal Component Analysis
  year: 1997
  ident: 1050_CR39
– volume: 134
  start-page: 30
  year: 2017
  ident: 1050_CR23
  publication-title: ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.
  doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.012
– ident: 1050_CR8
– volume: 6
  start-page: CD007180
  year: 2010
  ident: 1050_CR28
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.
– ident: 1050_CR4
– volume: 2
  start-page: e83
  year: 2018
  ident: 1050_CR5
  publication-title: Lancet Planet. Health
  doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30010-X
– ident: 1050_CR33
– ident: 1050_CR10
– ident: 1050_CR2
– ident: 1050_CR31
– ident: 1050_CR24
– volume: 6
  year: 2008
  ident: 1050_CR14
  publication-title: Popul. Health Metr.
  doi: 10.1186/1478-7954-6-5
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1929
  year: 2014
  ident: 1050_CR19
  publication-title: J. Mach. Learn. Res.
– volume-title: Stocktaking of the Housing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
  year: 2015
  ident: 1050_CR6
– ident: 1050_CR1
– volume: 28
  start-page: 59
  year: 2018
  ident: 1050_CR18
  publication-title: Spat. Stat.
  doi: 10.1016/j.spasta.2018.02.002
– volume: 56
  start-page: 3
  year: 1994
  ident: 1050_CR20
  publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. B
  doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01956.x
– ident: 1050_CR35
– ident: 1050_CR37
– volume: 102
  start-page: 359
  year: 2007
  ident: 1050_CR36
  publication-title: J. Am. Stat. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1198/016214506000001437
– ident: 1050_CR29
– ident: 1050_CR30
– ident: 1050_CR7
– volume: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: 1050_CR22
  publication-title: Sci. Data
  doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.1
– ident: 1050_CR9
– volume: 8
  start-page: e3228
  year: 2014
  ident: 1050_CR26
  publication-title: PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003228
– volume: 21
  start-page: 459
  year: 2006
  ident: 1050_CR41
  publication-title: Health Policy Plan.
  doi: 10.1093/heapol/czl029
– ident: 1050_CR34
– ident: 1050_CR25
– ident: 1050_CR32
– volume: 290
  start-page: 2319
  year: 2000
  ident: 1050_CR38
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
– ident: 1050_CR3
– ident: 1050_CR11
– volume: 55
  start-page: 212
  year: 2014
  ident: 1050_CR12
  publication-title: Appl. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.009
– volume: 14
  start-page: e1002234
  year: 2017
  ident: 1050_CR27
  publication-title: PLoS Med.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002234
SSID ssj0005174
Score 2.635578
Snippet Access to adequate housing is a fundamental human right, essential to human security, nutrition and health, and a core objective of the United Nations...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 391
SubjectTerms 692/308/174
692/499
704/844/2787
706/134
706/689/159
Affordable housing
Africa South of the Sahara
Africans
Confidence intervals
Economic aspects
Educational Status
Family Characteristics
Flooring
Geographic Mapping
Geostatistics
Ghettos
Houses
Housing
Housing - economics
Housing - statistics & numerical data
Housing - supply & distribution
Housing conditions
Housing development
Human rights
Human security
Humanities and Social Sciences
Letter
Mapping
Metropolitan areas
multidisciplinary
Nutrition
Planning
Population
Principal components analysis
Rural areas
Rural housing
Sanitation
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Socioeconomic Factors
Sustainable development
Sustainable Development - economics
Urban areas
Urban population
Urban populations
Water
Water resource management
Title Mapping changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41586-019-1050-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918405
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2216251089
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2199185491
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6784864
Volume 568
WOSCitedRecordID wos000464950700056&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAQT
  databaseName: Nature
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: RNT
  dateStart: 19970101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.nature.com
  providerName: Nature Publishing
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: AAdvanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (subscription)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Agricultural Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: M0K
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: PCBAR
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Environmental Science Database (subscripiton)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: PATMY
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Materials Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: KB.
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: 7RV
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central - New (Subscription)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Psychology Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: M2M
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Public Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: 8C1
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Research Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: M2O
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Science Database (subscription)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1476-4687
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005174
  issn: 0028-0836
  databaseCode: M2P
  dateStart: 19880107
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELfYBhIvwMZX2KgCmvhUWOLYifOE2moTaGqJ2goKL1biuF0llHRLy9_PnZO2SzX2wssl1Z2juHc-n-Pz7wg59nmidcRChwUuc5gKuZNmk8ihiqcpxKcZo5kpNhH2-2I8juL6g1tZp1WufKJx1Fmh8Bv5CaUehOqeK6LP80sHq0bh7mpdQmOH7CFKgm9S9-JNiscWCvNqV9MXJyVMXALX0hE4Iu46vDEvbXvna9PTdurk1v6pmZbOHv5vhx6RB3VAarcrC9ond3R-QO6ZxFBVHpD9evCX9rsaofr9Y9LpJQjrMLWrY8OlPcvtiwJT6Kd4Wy5TZ5ggEnRuV3WIbDzFYuN5HXtRwNXjT8jo7HTU_eLUxRgcFYR04UCoJLTIggCWaMrNXHfii8xlCYsmTPueF6rI85PUyzTEKOC1hGDAEFq7yqep9p-S3bzI9XNipyKBNrDQEyJlkcuTyMDaUxpRnXhhYBF3pQmpaqByrJfxW5oNc1_ISnkSlCdReZJb5MO6ybxC6bhN-BjVKxH9Isf0mmmyLEvZHv3o9mWbCwo-jHPfIq9vEvs6HDSE3tZCkwLeUSX1oQboKeJqNSQPG5JqPruU17hvGtxppdGbHnPUEARnoJrslbHJ2hmVcmNpFnm1ZmNLTLDLNdiHpJgCJziLPIs8q0x8_U_6EFMKCOwtEjaMfy2AEOVNTj67MFDlEAoxETCLfFwNk81r_VNBL27vxCG5T3HcmvSpI7K7uFrql-Su-rOYlVctshMOviMdh4YKoKLrtche57QfD-DXeecT0J57jpT2DP1maNwy_sPQIdCY_4J2cXvU-_kXnG1naA
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VAoIL0PIyLWBQecuqvd611weEQqFq1Daq2gh6W9nrTRoJ2WmdgPhR_Edm_EjqqPTWAydbmlnL653HjnfmG4ANX8TGRDx0eOByh-tQOEk6iBymRZLg_jTlLC2bTYS9njw-jg6W4E9TC0NplY1NLA11mmv6R77JmIdbdc-V0afxqUNdo-h0tWmhUYnFrvn9C0O24mP3C67vK8a2v_a3dpy6q4Cjg5BNHPT50sg0CDDW0G7qugNfpi6PeTTgxve8UEeeHydeatDZovpJyZEgjXG1zxLj42OvwXU04x5lkIWH3-YZJQugz80hqi83C_STkkL3CO2ecB3RcoOLzuCcN1zM1Fw4ri294Pbd_-z73YM79Xbb7lT6sQJLJluFm2Xaqy5WYaU2bYX9tsbffncfPu_HBFoxtKui6MIeZfZJTgUCQ7otpolzFBPOdWZXXZZsqtGxqRrJnuR49cQD6F_FpB7CcpZn5jHYiYxxDIaxUiY8ckUclaD9jEXMxF4YWOA2C690DcNO3UB-qDIdwJeqkhWFsqJIVpSw4P1syLjCILmMeYOkSRG2R0bJQ8N4WhSq0_--1VMdIRlaaCF8C15exNY9OmwxvamZBjm-o47rkg2cKaGGtTjXWpx6PDpV56ivW9RhtaIXPWa9xYimTrfJjWyr2tQWai7YFryYkWkkpQ9mBuVDMUrwk4JHngWPKo2afUkfd8wSwxYLwpauzRgIgL1NyUYnJRA7bvS4DLgFHxqtnL_WPxfoyeWTeA63dvr7e2qv29tdg9uMTEaZKLYOy5OzqXkKN_TPyag4e1YaHxvUFSvrXy8wtHk
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6V8hAXoIWCaQGDyqMgK_Z6114fEAopEVEhqmgkelvZ600aCTlpnYD4afw7ZvxI46j01gMnW5pZy-udx4535huAXV_ExkQ8dHjgcofrUDhJOowcpkWS4P405Swtmk2E_b48Po4O1-BPXQtDaZW1TSwMdTrR9I-8xZiHW3XPlVFrWKVFHO53P0xPHeogRSetdTuNUkQOzO9fGL7l73v7uNYvGet-GnQ-O1WHAUcHIZs56P-lkWkQYNyh3dR1h75MXR7zaMiN73mhjjw_TrzUoONFVZSSI0Ea42qfJcbHx16D66GPQkxF6p2l7JIVAOj6QNWXrRx9pqQwPkIbKFxHNFziqmNY8oyrWZsrR7eFR-ze_Y-_5T24U23D7XapNxuwZrJNuFmkw-p8EzYqk5fbbypc7r378PFrTGAWI7ssls7tcWafTKhwYES3-TxxjmLCv87ssvuSTbU7NlUp2bMJXj3xAAZXMaktWM8mmXkEdiJjHIPhrZQJj1wRRwWYP2MRM7EXBha4tRAoXcGzU5eQH6pIE_ClKuVGodwokhslLHi7GDItsUkuY94lyVKE-ZHRio_ieZ6r9uB7p6_aQjK03EL4Fry4iK139K3B9LpiGk7wHXVclXLgTAlNrMG53eDU0_GpWqK-alBH5Ype9JidBiOaQN0k13KuKhOcq3Mht-D5gkwjKa0wMygfilHinxQ88ix4WGrX4kv6uJOWGM5YEDb0bsFAwOxNSjY-KQDacQPIZcAteFdr6Plr_XOBHl8-iWdwC3VUfen1D7bhNiPrUeSP7cD67GxunsAN_XM2zs-eFnbIBnXFuvoXTUC81A
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mapping+changes+in+housing+in+sub-Saharan+Africa+from+2000+to+2015&rft.jtitle=Nature+%28London%29&rft.au=Tusting%2C+Lucy+S&rft.au=Bisanzio%2C+Donal&rft.au=Alabaster%2C+Graham&rft.au=Cameron%2C+Ewan&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft.volume=568&rft.issue=7752&rft.spage=391&rft.epage=2&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1050-5&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0028-0836&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0028-0836&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0028-0836&client=summon