Effects of a major deletion in the SARS-CoV-2 genome on the severity of infection and the inflammatory response: an observational cohort study

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the genome have been detected in Singapore and other countries. We investigated the effect of this deletion on the clinical features of infection....

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Vydané v:	The Lancet (British edition) Ročník 396; číslo 10251; s. 603 - 611
Hlavní autori:	Young, Barnaby E, Fong, Siew-Wai, Chan, Yi-Hao, Mak, Tze-Minn, Ang, Li Wei, Anderson, Danielle E, Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin, Amrun, Siti Naqiah, Lee, Bernett, Goh, Yun Shan, Su, Yvonne C F, Wei, Wycliffe E, Kalimuddin, Shirin, Chai, Louis Yi Ann, Pada, Surinder, Tan, Seow Yen, Sun, Louisa, Parthasarathy, Purnima, Chen, Yuan Yi Constance, Barkham, Timothy, Lin, Raymond Tzer Pin, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Leo, Yee-Sin, Wang, Lin-Fa, Renia, Laurent, Lee, Vernon J, Smith, Gavin J D, Lye, David Chien, Ng, Lisa F P
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England Elsevier Ltd 29.08.2020 Elsevier Limited
Predmet:	Adult Aged Betacoronavirus Binding sites Clinical outcomes Cohort analysis Coronavirus Infections - complications Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytokines Disease transmission Electronic health records Electronic medical records Epidemics Gene Deletion Genome, Viral - genetics Genomes Glycoproteins Hospitals Humans Hypoxia Hypoxia - etiology Hypoxia - therapy Identification methods Infections Infectious diseases Inflammation Inflammatory response Medical research Middle Aged Nucleotides Observational studies Open Reading Frames Oxygen Pandemics Patients Pneumonia, Viral - complications Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - virology Prospective Studies Proteins Respiratory diseases Respiratory Therapy SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severity of Illness Index Singapore - epidemiology Vaccines Viral diseases Virus Replication Viruses Singapore Bangladesh Australia United States > US Taiwan Spain
ISSN:	0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X
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Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the genome have been detected in Singapore and other countries. We investigated the effect of this deletion on the clinical features of infection. We retrospectively identified patients who had been screened for the ∆382 variant and recruited to the PROTECT study—a prospective observational cohort study conducted at seven public hospitals in Singapore. We collected clinical, laboratory, and radiological data from patients' electronic medical records and serial blood and respiratory samples taken during hospitalisation and after discharge. Individuals infected with the ∆382 variant were compared with those infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Exact logistic regression was used to examine the association between the infection groups and the development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (an indicator of severe COVID-19, the primary endpoint). Follow-up for the study's primary endpoint is completed. Between Jan 22 and March 21, 2020, 278 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened for the ∆382 deletion and 131 were enrolled onto the study, of whom 92 (70%) were infected with the wild-type virus, ten (8%) had a mix of wild-type and ∆382-variant viruses, and 29 (22%) had only the ∆382 variant. Development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen was less frequent in the ∆382 variant group (0 [0%] of 29 patients) than in the wild-type only group (26 [28%] of 92; absolute difference 28% [95% CI 14–28]). After adjusting for age and presence of comorbidities, infection with the ∆382 variant only was associated with lower odds of developing hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (adjusted odds ratio 0·07 [95% CI 0·00–0·48]) compared with infection with wild-type virus only. The ∆382 variant of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be associated with a milder infection. The observed clinical effects of deletions in ORF8 could have implications for the development of treatments and vaccines. National Medical Research Council Singapore.
AbstractList	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the genome have been detected in Singapore and other countries. We investigated the effect of this deletion on the clinical features of infection. We retrospectively identified patients who had been screened for the ∆382 variant and recruited to the PROTECT study—a prospective observational cohort study conducted at seven public hospitals in Singapore. We collected clinical, laboratory, and radiological data from patients' electronic medical records and serial blood and respiratory samples taken during hospitalisation and after discharge. Individuals infected with the ∆382 variant were compared with those infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Exact logistic regression was used to examine the association between the infection groups and the development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (an indicator of severe COVID-19, the primary endpoint). Follow-up for the study's primary endpoint is completed. Between Jan 22 and March 21, 2020, 278 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened for the ∆382 deletion and 131 were enrolled onto the study, of whom 92 (70%) were infected with the wild-type virus, ten (8%) had a mix of wild-type and ∆382-variant viruses, and 29 (22%) had only the ∆382 variant. Development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen was less frequent in the ∆382 variant group (0 [0%] of 29 patients) than in the wild-type only group (26 [28%] of 92; absolute difference 28% [95% CI 14–28]). After adjusting for age and presence of comorbidities, infection with the ∆382 variant only was associated with lower odds of developing hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (adjusted odds ratio 0·07 [95% CI 0·00–0·48]) compared with infection with wild-type virus only. The ∆382 variant of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be associated with a milder infection. The observed clinical effects of deletions in ORF8 could have implications for the development of treatments and vaccines. National Medical Research Council Singapore. Summary Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the genome have been detected in Singapore and other countries. We investigated the effect of this deletion on the clinical features of infection. Methods We retrospectively identified patients who had been screened for the ∆382 variant and recruited to the PROTECT study—a prospective observational cohort study conducted at seven public hospitals in Singapore. We collected clinical, laboratory, and radiological data from patients' electronic medical records and serial blood and respiratory samples taken during hospitalisation and after discharge. Individuals infected with the ∆382 variant were compared with those infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Exact logistic regression was used to examine the association between the infection groups and the development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (an indicator of severe COVID-19, the primary endpoint). Follow-up for the study's primary endpoint is completed. Findings Between Jan 22 and March 21, 2020, 278 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened for the ∆382 deletion and 131 were enrolled onto the study, of whom 92 (70%) were infected with the wild-type virus, ten (8%) had a mix of wild-type and ∆382-variant viruses, and 29 (22%) had only the ∆382 variant. Development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen was less frequent in the ∆382 variant group (0 [0%] of 29 patients) than in the wild-type only group (26 [28%] of 92; absolute difference 28% [95% CI 14–28]). After adjusting for age and presence of comorbidities, infection with the ∆382 variant only was associated with lower odds of developing hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (adjusted odds ratio 0·07 [95% CI 0·00–0·48]) compared with infection with wild-type virus only. Interpretation The ∆382 variant of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be associated with a milder infection. The observed clinical effects of deletions in ORF8 could have implications for the development of treatments and vaccines. Funding National Medical Research Council Singapore. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the genome have been detected in Singapore and other countries. We investigated the effect of this deletion on the clinical features of infection.BACKGROUNDSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the genome have been detected in Singapore and other countries. We investigated the effect of this deletion on the clinical features of infection.We retrospectively identified patients who had been screened for the ∆382 variant and recruited to the PROTECT study-a prospective observational cohort study conducted at seven public hospitals in Singapore. We collected clinical, laboratory, and radiological data from patients' electronic medical records and serial blood and respiratory samples taken during hospitalisation and after discharge. Individuals infected with the ∆382 variant were compared with those infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Exact logistic regression was used to examine the association between the infection groups and the development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (an indicator of severe COVID-19, the primary endpoint). Follow-up for the study's primary endpoint is completed.METHODSWe retrospectively identified patients who had been screened for the ∆382 variant and recruited to the PROTECT study-a prospective observational cohort study conducted at seven public hospitals in Singapore. We collected clinical, laboratory, and radiological data from patients' electronic medical records and serial blood and respiratory samples taken during hospitalisation and after discharge. Individuals infected with the ∆382 variant were compared with those infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Exact logistic regression was used to examine the association between the infection groups and the development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (an indicator of severe COVID-19, the primary endpoint). Follow-up for the study's primary endpoint is completed.Between Jan 22 and March 21, 2020, 278 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened for the ∆382 deletion and 131 were enrolled onto the study, of whom 92 (70%) were infected with the wild-type virus, ten (8%) had a mix of wild-type and ∆382-variant viruses, and 29 (22%) had only the ∆382 variant. Development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen was less frequent in the ∆382 variant group (0 [0%] of 29 patients) than in the wild-type only group (26 [28%] of 92; absolute difference 28% [95% CI 14-28]). After adjusting for age and presence of comorbidities, infection with the ∆382 variant only was associated with lower odds of developing hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (adjusted odds ratio 0·07 [95% CI 0·00-0·48]) compared with infection with wild-type virus only.FINDINGSBetween Jan 22 and March 21, 2020, 278 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened for the ∆382 deletion and 131 were enrolled onto the study, of whom 92 (70%) were infected with the wild-type virus, ten (8%) had a mix of wild-type and ∆382-variant viruses, and 29 (22%) had only the ∆382 variant. Development of hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen was less frequent in the ∆382 variant group (0 [0%] of 29 patients) than in the wild-type only group (26 [28%] of 92; absolute difference 28% [95% CI 14-28]). After adjusting for age and presence of comorbidities, infection with the ∆382 variant only was associated with lower odds of developing hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen (adjusted odds ratio 0·07 [95% CI 0·00-0·48]) compared with infection with wild-type virus only.The ∆382 variant of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be associated with a milder infection. The observed clinical effects of deletions in ORF8 could have implications for the development of treatments and vaccines.INTERPRETATIONThe ∆382 variant of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be associated with a milder infection. The observed clinical effects of deletions in ORF8 could have implications for the development of treatments and vaccines.National Medical Research Council Singapore.FUNDINGNational Medical Research Council Singapore.
Author	Young, Barnaby E Kalimuddin, Shirin Ang, Li Wei Barkham, Timothy Wang, Lin-Fa Lee, Bernett Chen, Yuan Yi Constance Smith, Gavin J D Lin, Raymond Tzer Pin Fong, Siew-Wai Chai, Louis Yi Ann Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian Lee, Vernon J Chan, Yi-Hao Amrun, Siti Naqiah Tan, Seow Yen Goh, Yun Shan Wei, Wycliffe E Su, Yvonne C F Pada, Surinder Renia, Laurent Ng, Lisa F P Lye, David Chien Anderson, Danielle E Sun, Louisa Mak, Tze-Minn Leo, Yee-Sin Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin Parthasarathy, Purnima
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Barnaby E surname: Young fullname: Young, Barnaby E organization: National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Siew-Wai surname: Fong fullname: Fong, Siew-Wai organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Yi-Hao surname: Chan fullname: Chan, Yi-Hao organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Tze-Minn surname: Mak fullname: Mak, Tze-Minn organization: National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore – sequence: 5 givenname: Li Wei surname: Ang fullname: Ang, Li Wei organization: National Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore – sequence: 6 givenname: Danielle E surname: Anderson fullname: Anderson, Danielle E organization: Duke–NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Cheryl Yi-Pin surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 8 givenname: Siti Naqiah surname: Amrun fullname: Amrun, Siti Naqiah organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: Bernett surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Bernett organization: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 10 givenname: Yun Shan surname: Goh fullname: Goh, Yun Shan organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 11 givenname: Yvonne C F surname: Su fullname: Su, Yvonne C F organization: Duke–NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 12 givenname: Wycliffe E surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Wycliffe E organization: National Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore – sequence: 13 givenname: Shirin surname: Kalimuddin fullname: Kalimuddin, Shirin organization: Duke–NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 14 givenname: Louis Yi Ann surname: Chai fullname: Chai, Louis Yi Ann organization: Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 15 givenname: Surinder surname: Pada fullname: Pada, Surinder organization: Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 16 givenname: Seow Yen surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Seow Yen organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 17 givenname: Louisa surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Louisa organization: Alexandra Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 18 givenname: Purnima surname: Parthasarathy fullname: Parthasarathy, Purnima organization: Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 19 givenname: Yuan Yi Constance surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yuan Yi Constance organization: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 20 givenname: Timothy surname: Barkham fullname: Barkham, Timothy organization: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 21 givenname: Raymond Tzer Pin surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Raymond Tzer Pin organization: National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore – sequence: 22 givenname: Sebastian surname: Maurer-Stroh fullname: Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian organization: National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore – sequence: 23 givenname: Yee-Sin surname: Leo fullname: Leo, Yee-Sin organization: National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore – sequence: 24 givenname: Lin-Fa surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Lin-Fa organization: Duke–NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 25 givenname: Laurent surname: Renia fullname: Renia, Laurent organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore – sequence: 26 givenname: Vernon J surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Vernon J organization: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 27 givenname: Gavin J D surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Gavin J D email: gavin.smith@duke-nus.edu.sg organization: Duke–NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 28 givenname: David Chien surname: Lye fullname: Lye, David Chien organization: National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore – sequence: 29 givenname: Lisa F P surname: Ng fullname: Ng, Lisa F P email: lisa_ng@immunol.a-star.edu.sg organization: Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
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Snippet	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) region of the... Summary Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with a 382-nucleotide deletion (∆382) in the open reading frame 8...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Betacoronavirus Binding sites Clinical outcomes Cohort analysis Coronavirus Infections - complications Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytokines Disease transmission Electronic health records Electronic medical records Epidemics Gene Deletion Genome, Viral - genetics Genomes Glycoproteins Hospitals Humans Hypoxia Hypoxia - etiology Hypoxia - therapy Identification methods Infections Infectious diseases Inflammation Inflammatory response Medical research Middle Aged Nucleotides Observational studies Open Reading Frames Oxygen Pandemics Patients Pneumonia, Viral - complications Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - virology Prospective Studies Proteins Respiratory diseases Respiratory Therapy SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severity of Illness Index Singapore - epidemiology Vaccines Viral diseases Virus Replication Viruses
Title	Effects of a major deletion in the SARS-CoV-2 genome on the severity of infection and the inflammatory response: an observational cohort study
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