Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer: Current status and future prospects

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%, despite significant advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Combined genomic and transcriptomic sequencing studies have identified numerous genetic driver mutations that a...

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Published in:Respiratory medicine Vol. 110; pp. 12 - 19
Main Authors: Tao, Hui, Yang, Jing-Jing, Zhou, Xiao, Deng, Zi-Yu, Shi, Kai-Hu, Li, Jun
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2016
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
Epigenetic
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
LncRNAs
Lung cancer
Lung Neoplasms - genetics
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Protein Biosynthesis - genetics
Proteins
Pulmonary/Respiratory
RNA polymerase
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
Transcription, Genetic
Transcriptional regulation
Epigenetic
Transcriptional regulation
Lung cancer
LncRNAs
ISSN:0954-6111, 1532-3064, 1532-3064
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%, despite significant advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Combined genomic and transcriptomic sequencing studies have identified numerous genetic driver mutations that are responsible for the development of lung cancer. Importantly, these approaches have also uncovered the widespread expression of “noncoding RNAs” including long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), which impact biologic responses through the regulation of mRNA transcription or translation. To date, most studies of the role of noncoding RNAs have focused on LncRNAs, which regulate mRNA translation via the RNA interference pathway. Although many of their attributes, such as patterns of expression, remain largely unknown, LncRNAs have key functions in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic gene regulation. Recent research showed that LncRNAs regulate flowering time in the lung cancer. In this review, we discuss these investigations into long noncoding RNAs were performed almost exclusively in lung cancer. Future work will need to extend these into lung cancer and to analyze how LncRNAs interact to regulate mRNA expression. From a clinical perspective, the targeting of LncRNAs as a novel therapeutic approach will require a deeper understanding of their function and mechanism of action. Figure Long noncoding RNAs play a key role in the development of lung cancer. Important alterations encompassing epigenetic changes are Long noncoding RNAs. Long noncoding RNAs control gene expression in lung cancer. [Display omitted] •LncRNAs impact on the development of lung cancer.•LncRNAs control the pathological processes of NSCLC and SCLC.•LncRNAs mediated epigenetic mechanism in lung cancer.
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ISSN:0954-6111
1532-3064
1532-3064
DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.10.006