Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea

Diarrhoea and pneumonia are the leading infectious causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. We comprehensively reviewed the epidemiology of childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia in 2010–11 to inform the planning of integrated control programmes for both illnesses. We estimated that, in 2010, there w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 381; no. 9875; pp. 1405 - 1416
Main Authors: Walker, Christa L Fischer, Rudan, Igor, Liu, Li, Nair, Harish, Theodoratou, Evropi, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, O'Brien, Katherine L, Campbell, Harry, Black, Robert E
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 20.04.2013
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Age
Breast feeding
Breastfeeding & lactation
Child
Child mortality
Childhood
Children
Children & youth
death
Diarrhea
Diarrhea - epidemiology
Diarrhea - prevention & control
Disease
Epidemiology
Estimates
Fatalities
Female
Global Health
Haemophilus influenzae
Hospitals
Humans
Illnesses
Immunization
Incidence
Influenza
Integrated control
Internal Medicine
Low income groups
Malnutrition
Morbidity
Mortality
nutrient deficiencies
Nutrient deficiency
Pathogens
planning
Pneumonia
Pneumonia - epidemiology
Pneumonia - prevention & control
Pneumonia - virology
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Risk sharing
Rotavirus
Rotavirus Infections - epidemiology
Series
Streptococcus infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Studies
Undernutrition
Vaccines
zinc
ISSN:0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Diarrhoea and pneumonia are the leading infectious causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. We comprehensively reviewed the epidemiology of childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia in 2010–11 to inform the planning of integrated control programmes for both illnesses. We estimated that, in 2010, there were 1·731 billion episodes of diarrhoea (36 million of which progressed to severe episodes) and 120 million episodes of pneumonia (14 million of which progressed to severe episodes) in children younger than 5 years. We estimated that, in 2011, 700 000 episodes of diarrhoea and 1·3 million of pneumonia led to death. A high proportion of deaths occurs in the first 2 years of life in both diseases—72% for diarrhoea and 81% for pneumonia. The epidemiology of childhood diarrhoea and that of pneumonia overlap, which might be partly because of shared risk factors, such as undernutrition, suboptimum breastfeeding, and zinc deficiency. Rotavirus is the most common cause of vaccine-preventable severe diarrhoea (associated with 28% of cases), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (18·3%) of vaccine-preventable severe pneumonia. Morbidity and mortality from childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea are falling, but action is needed globally and at country level to accelerate the reduction.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6
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These authors contributed equally
ISSN:0140-6736
1474-547X
1474-547X
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6