Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging

Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in immune disorder. Immunosenescence refers to disruption in the structural architecture of immune organs and dysfunction...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunity & ageing Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 2 - 17
Main Authors: Thomas, Rachel, Wang, Weikan, Su, Dong-Ming
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 20.01.2020
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Age
Age-related thymic involution
Aging
Antibodies
Antigens
Apoptosis
Atrophy
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell cycle
Central tolerance
Clinical Nutrition
Cyclin-dependent kinases
Diseases
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Fibroblasts
Genotype & phenotype
Geriatrics/Gerontology
Homeostasis
Immune response
Immune system
Immunology
Immunosenescence
Immunosenescence and inflammaging
Inflammation
Kinases
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Molecular modelling
Money
Negative selection and regulatory T (Treg) cell generation
Phenotypes
Public Health
Recovery of function
Rejuvenation
Review
Senescence
Somatic cells
Stem cells
T cells
Thymic aging
Thymic involution
Thymus
Maryland
Negative selection and regulatory T (Treg) cell generation
Central tolerance
Thymic aging
Age-related thymic involution
Immunosenescence and inflammaging
Rejuvenation
ISSN:1742-4933, 1742-4933
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in immune disorder. Immunosenescence refers to disruption in the structural architecture of immune organs and dysfunction in immune responses, resulting from both aged innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammaging, described as a chronic, sterile, systemic inflammatory condition associated with advanced age, is mainly attributed to somatic cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and age-related autoimmune predisposition. However, the inability to reduce senescent somatic cells (SSCs), because of immunosenescence, exacerbates inflammaging. Age-related adaptive immune system deviations, particularly altered T cell function, are derived from age-related thymic atrophy or involution, a hallmark of thymic aging. Recently, there have been major developments in understanding how age-related thymic involution contributes to inflammaging and immunosenescence at the cellular and molecular levels, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, as well as developments of many potential rejuvenation strategies. Herein, we discuss the research progress uncovering how age-related thymic involution contributes to immunosenescence and inflammaging, as well as their intersection. We also describe how T cell adaptive immunity mediates inflammaging and plays a crucial role in the progression of age-related neurological and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. We then briefly outline the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related thymic involution, and finally summarize potential rejuvenation strategies to restore aged thymic function.
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ISSN:1742-4933
1742-4933
DOI:10.1186/s12979-020-0173-8