Resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge

Recent studies have shown that the human fecal microbiota is composed of a consortium of species specific to the host and resistant to modifications over time. Antibiotics are known to affect the intestinal microflora, and ensuing changes may result in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is therefore...

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Published in:	Journal of clinical microbiology Vol. 43; no. 11; p. 5588
Main Authors:	De La Cochetière, M F, Durand, T, Lepage, P, Bourreille, A, Galmiche, J P, Doré, J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01.11.2005
Subjects:	Administration, Oral Adolescent Adult Amoxicillin - administration & dosage Amoxicillin - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Feces - microbiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Bacterial - analysis RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Species Specificity Temperature Time Factors
ISSN:	0095-1137
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Abstract	Recent studies have shown that the human fecal microbiota is composed of a consortium of species specific to the host and resistant to modifications over time. Antibiotics are known to affect the intestinal microflora, and ensuing changes may result in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is therefore important to characterize the nature and amplitude of these modifications and the ability of this ecosystem to return to its original profile-i.e., its resilience. Six healthy volunteers received oral amoxicillin (1.5 g/day) for 5 days. Fecal samples were collected at day 0 (D0) before antibiotic treatment and at set intervals until 60 days thereafter. Fecal DNA was isolated, and V6-to-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with general primers and analyzed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Dominant species profiles were compared on the basis of similarity (Pearson correlation coefficient). Dominant species profiles at D0 were used as a reference. The fecal microbiota showed a major shift in dominant species upon antibiotic treatment, starting 24 h after treatment initiation and reaching an average similarity of only 74% after 4 days. Within 30 days following antibiotic treatment, the fecal microbiota tended to reach an average similarity of 88% to the D0 value; within 60 days, the average similarity to the D0 value was 89%. However, in one subject, important modifications persisted for at least 2 months, with similarity to the D0 value remaining below 70%. We demonstrated the resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. Yet the persistence of long-term alterations in some subjects may explain susceptibilities to antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Furthermore, these findings suggest that strategies reinforcing the ability of the fecal microbiota to resist modifications would be of clinical relevance.
AbstractList	Recent studies have shown that the human fecal microbiota is composed of a consortium of species specific to the host and resistant to modifications over time. Antibiotics are known to affect the intestinal microflora, and ensuing changes may result in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is therefore important to characterize the nature and amplitude of these modifications and the ability of this ecosystem to return to its original profile-i.e., its resilience. Six healthy volunteers received oral amoxicillin (1.5 g/day) for 5 days. Fecal samples were collected at day 0 (D0) before antibiotic treatment and at set intervals until 60 days thereafter. Fecal DNA was isolated, and V6-to-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with general primers and analyzed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Dominant species profiles were compared on the basis of similarity (Pearson correlation coefficient). Dominant species profiles at D0 were used as a reference. The fecal microbiota showed a major shift in dominant species upon antibiotic treatment, starting 24 h after treatment initiation and reaching an average similarity of only 74% after 4 days. Within 30 days following antibiotic treatment, the fecal microbiota tended to reach an average similarity of 88% to the D0 value; within 60 days, the average similarity to the D0 value was 89%. However, in one subject, important modifications persisted for at least 2 months, with similarity to the D0 value remaining below 70%. We demonstrated the resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. Yet the persistence of long-term alterations in some subjects may explain susceptibilities to antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Furthermore, these findings suggest that strategies reinforcing the ability of the fecal microbiota to resist modifications would be of clinical relevance. Recent studies have shown that the human fecal microbiota is composed of a consortium of species specific to the host and resistant to modifications over time. Antibiotics are known to affect the intestinal microflora, and ensuing changes may result in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is therefore important to characterize the nature and amplitude of these modifications and the ability of this ecosystem to return to its original profile-i.e., its resilience. Six healthy volunteers received oral amoxicillin (1.5 g/day) for 5 days. Fecal samples were collected at day 0 (D0) before antibiotic treatment and at set intervals until 60 days thereafter. Fecal DNA was isolated, and V6-to-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with general primers and analyzed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Dominant species profiles were compared on the basis of similarity (Pearson correlation coefficient). Dominant species profiles at D0 were used as a reference. The fecal microbiota showed a major shift in dominant species upon antibiotic treatment, starting 24 h after treatment initiation and reaching an average similarity of only 74% after 4 days. Within 30 days following antibiotic treatment, the fecal microbiota tended to reach an average similarity of 88% to the D0 value; within 60 days, the average similarity to the D0 value was 89%. However, in one subject, important modifications persisted for at least 2 months, with similarity to the D0 value remaining below 70%. We demonstrated the resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. Yet the persistence of long-term alterations in some subjects may explain susceptibilities to antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Furthermore, these findings suggest that strategies reinforcing the ability of the fecal microbiota to resist modifications would be of clinical relevance.Recent studies have shown that the human fecal microbiota is composed of a consortium of species specific to the host and resistant to modifications over time. Antibiotics are known to affect the intestinal microflora, and ensuing changes may result in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is therefore important to characterize the nature and amplitude of these modifications and the ability of this ecosystem to return to its original profile-i.e., its resilience. Six healthy volunteers received oral amoxicillin (1.5 g/day) for 5 days. Fecal samples were collected at day 0 (D0) before antibiotic treatment and at set intervals until 60 days thereafter. Fecal DNA was isolated, and V6-to-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with general primers and analyzed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Dominant species profiles were compared on the basis of similarity (Pearson correlation coefficient). Dominant species profiles at D0 were used as a reference. The fecal microbiota showed a major shift in dominant species upon antibiotic treatment, starting 24 h after treatment initiation and reaching an average similarity of only 74% after 4 days. Within 30 days following antibiotic treatment, the fecal microbiota tended to reach an average similarity of 88% to the D0 value; within 60 days, the average similarity to the D0 value was 89%. However, in one subject, important modifications persisted for at least 2 months, with similarity to the D0 value remaining below 70%. We demonstrated the resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. Yet the persistence of long-term alterations in some subjects may explain susceptibilities to antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Furthermore, these findings suggest that strategies reinforcing the ability of the fecal microbiota to resist modifications would be of clinical relevance.
Author	Durand, T Lepage, P De La Cochetière, M F Bourreille, A Doré, J Galmiche, J P
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16272491$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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References_xml	– reference: 7683183 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Mar;59(3):695-700 – reference: 12747418 - Syst Appl Microbiol. 2003 Mar;26(1):110-8 – reference: 15867587 - Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005 May;11(5):473-80 – reference: 12556947 - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;56 Suppl 4:S44-9 – reference: 12054235 - Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002 May;52(Pt 3):757-63 – reference: 2277039 - J Biochem. 1990 Sep;108(3):466-74 – reference: 12406736 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Nov;68(11):5445-51 – reference: 12597356 - Microbiol Immunol. 2002;46(12):819-31 – reference: 16145122 - J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Sep;43(9):4654-8 – reference: 11868762 - Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(12):899-903 – reference: 12763508 - Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Jun;17(3):475-93 – reference: 9602286 - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1998 Jan;73(1):127-41 – reference: 11709849 - Curr Issues Intest Microbiol. 2000 Mar;1(1):1-12 – reference: 15574920 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Dec;70(12):7220-8 – reference: 15184159 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jun;70(6):3575-81 – reference: 15352889 - Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Oct;20 Suppl 4:18-23 – reference: 12363017 - Microbiol Immunol. 2002;46(8):535-48 – reference: 11772630 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jan;68(1):219-26 – reference: 7981107 - Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1994 Oct;44(4):812-26 – reference: 14747690 - J Nutr. 2004 Feb;134(2):465-72 – reference: 15123074 - Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Apr;18(2):337-52 – reference: 9758810 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3854-9 – reference: 10543789 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Nov;65(11):4799-807 – reference: 12147461 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Aug;68(8):3691-701 – reference: 12524406 - Gut. 2003 Feb;52(2):237-42 – reference: 9212428 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Jul;63(7):2802-13 – reference: 19712312 - FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004 Jun 1;48(3):437-46
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Snippet	Recent studies have shown that the human fecal microbiota is composed of a consortium of species specific to the host and resistant to modifications over time....
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SubjectTerms	Administration, Oral Adolescent Adult Amoxicillin - administration & dosage Amoxicillin - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Feces - microbiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Bacterial - analysis RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Species Specificity Temperature Time Factors
Title	Resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge
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