Chromulinavorax destructans, a pathogen of microzooplankton that provides a window into the enigmatic candidate phylum Dependentiae

Members of the major candidate phylum Dependentiae (a.k.a. TM6) are widespread across diverse environments from showerheads to peat bogs; yet, with the exception of two isolates infecting amoebae, they are only known from metagenomic data. The limited knowledge of their biology indicates that they h...

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Vydáno v:	PLoS pathogens Ročník 15; číslo 5; s. e1007801
Hlavní autoři:	Deeg, Christoph M., Zimmer, Matthias M., George, Emma E., Husnik, Filip, Keeling, Patrick J., Suttle, Curtis A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 01.05.2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Amoeba Animals Ankyrins Atmospheric sciences Bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - pathogenicity Bioinformatics Biological evolution Biology Biology and Life Sciences Bogs Chrysophyta - microbiology Computer and Information Sciences Dependence Flagellates Flow cytometry Genes Genetic aspects Genome, Bacterial Genomes Host Microbial Interactions Host-bacteria relationships Immunology Infections Integrated software Metabolic pathways Microscopy Nutrients Parasites Parasitism Pathogens Peat Peat bogs Phylogenetics Phylogeny Physiological aspects Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Secretion Supervision Viruses Zooplankton Zooplankton - microbiology Canada
ISSN:	1553-7374, 1553-7366, 1553-7374
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Members of the major candidate phylum Dependentiae (a.k.a. TM6) are widespread across diverse environments from showerheads to peat bogs; yet, with the exception of two isolates infecting amoebae, they are only known from metagenomic data. The limited knowledge of their biology indicates that they have a long evolutionary history of parasitism. Here, we present Chromulinavorax destructans (Strain SeV1) the first isolate of this phylum to infect a representative from a widespread and ecologically significant group of heterotrophic flagellates, the microzooplankter Spumella elongata (Strain CCAP 955/1). Chromulinavorax destructans has a reduced 1.2 Mb genome that is so specialized for infection that it shows no evidence of complete metabolic pathways, but encodes an extensive transporter system for importing nutrients and energy in the form of ATP from the host. Its replication causes extensive reorganization and expansion of the mitochondrion, effectively surrounding the pathogen, consistent with its dependency on the host for energy. Nearly half (44%) of the inferred proteins contain signal sequences for secretion, including many without recognizable similarity to proteins of known function, as well as 98 copies of proteins with an ankyrin-repeat domain; ankyrin-repeats are known effectors of host modulation, suggesting the presence of an extensive host-manipulation apparatus. These observations help to cement members of this phylum as widespread and diverse parasites infecting a broad range of eukaryotic microbes.
Bibliografie:	new_version ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1553-7374 1553-7366 1553-7374
DOI:	10.1371/journal.ppat.1007801