The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study

To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to si...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 9; s. e0184914
Hlavní autori:	Tibuakuu, Martin, Kamimura, Daisuke, Kianoush, Sina, DeFilippis, Andrew P., Al Rifai, Mahmoud, Reynolds, Lindsay M., White, Wendy B., Butler, Kenneth R., Mosley, Thomas H., Turner, Stephen T., Kullo, Iftikhar J., Hall, Michael E., Blaha, Michael J.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 18.09.2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Aged Atherosclerosis Biological markers Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers Biomarkers - blood Blood pressure C-reactive protein C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Cardiology Cardiovascular disease Cell adhesion & migration Cigarette smoking Cigarettes Complications and side effects Cytokines Damage detection Diabetes Disease prevention DNA methylation Epidemiology Federal regulation Female Genetic aspects Health risk assessment Heart Humans Hypertension Inflammation Inflammation - blood Inflammation - epidemiology Male Mathematical models Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology People and places Physiological aspects Prevalence Proteins Quality control Risk factors Smoking Smoking - blood Smoking - epidemiology Tobacco Tumor necrosis factor-TNF United States United States > US Baltimore Maryland
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to sibships ascertained on the basis of hypertension. Cigarette smoking was assessed by status, intensity (number of cigarettes per day), burden (pack-years of smoking), and time since quitting. We modeled biomarkers as geometric mean (GM) ratios using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean age of participants was 61 ±10 years; 64.5% were women and 54.4% African American. The prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. After adjusting for potential confounders, 6 of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher among current smokers at a Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p<0.003). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was the most elevated biomarker among current smokers when compared to never smokers [GM ratio = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57); p <0.001]. Among former smokers, each pack-year of cigarettes smoked was associated with a 0.4% higher serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006); p = 0.002] and each 5-year lapsed since quitting was associated with a 4% lower serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); p = 0.006]. However, we found no significant association of smoking intensity or burden with biomarkers of inflammation among current smokers. HsCRP appears to be the most sensitive biomarker of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking of those investigated, and could be a useful biomarker of smoking-related injury for the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products.
AbstractList	To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to sibships ascertained on the basis of hypertension. Cigarette smoking was assessed by status, intensity (number of cigarettes per day), burden (pack-years of smoking), and time since quitting. We modeled biomarkers as geometric mean (GM) ratios using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean age of participants was 61 ±10 years; 64.5% were women and 54.4% African American. The prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. After adjusting for potential confounders, 6 of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher among current smokers at a Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p<0.003). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was the most elevated biomarker among current smokers when compared to never smokers [GM ratio = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57); p <0.001]. Among former smokers, each pack-year of cigarettes smoked was associated with a 0.4% higher serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006); p = 0.002] and each 5-year lapsed since quitting was associated with a 4% lower serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); p = 0.006]. However, we found no significant association of smoking intensity or burden with biomarkers of inflammation among current smokers. HsCRP appears to be the most sensitive biomarker of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking of those investigated, and could be a useful biomarker of smoking-related injury for the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products. To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to sibships ascertained on the basis of hypertension. Cigarette smoking was assessed by status, intensity (number of cigarettes per day), burden (pack-years of smoking), and time since quitting. We modeled biomarkers as geometric mean (GM) ratios using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean age of participants was 61 ±10 years; 64.5% were women and 54.4% African American. The prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. After adjusting for potential confounders, 6 of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher among current smokers at a Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p<0.003). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was the most elevated biomarker among current smokers when compared to never smokers [GM ratio = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57); p <0.001]. Among former smokers, each pack-year of cigarettes smoked was associated with a 0.4% higher serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006); p = 0.002] and each 5-year lapsed since quitting was associated with a 4% lower serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); p = 0.006]. However, we found no significant association of smoking intensity or burden with biomarkers of inflammation among current smokers. HsCRP appears to be the most sensitive biomarker of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking of those investigated, and could be a useful biomarker of smoking-related injury for the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products.To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to sibships ascertained on the basis of hypertension. Cigarette smoking was assessed by status, intensity (number of cigarettes per day), burden (pack-years of smoking), and time since quitting. We modeled biomarkers as geometric mean (GM) ratios using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean age of participants was 61 ±10 years; 64.5% were women and 54.4% African American. The prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. After adjusting for potential confounders, 6 of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher among current smokers at a Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p<0.003). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was the most elevated biomarker among current smokers when compared to never smokers [GM ratio = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57); p <0.001]. Among former smokers, each pack-year of cigarettes smoked was associated with a 0.4% higher serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006); p = 0.002] and each 5-year lapsed since quitting was associated with a 4% lower serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); p = 0.006]. However, we found no significant association of smoking intensity or burden with biomarkers of inflammation among current smokers. HsCRP appears to be the most sensitive biomarker of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking of those investigated, and could be a useful biomarker of smoking-related injury for the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products.
Audience	Academic
Author	DeFilippis, Andrew P. Turner, Stephen T. Hall, Michael E. Blaha, Michael J. Al Rifai, Mahmoud Kamimura, Daisuke White, Wendy B. Tibuakuu, Martin Mosley, Thomas H. Butler, Kenneth R. Reynolds, Lindsay M. Kianoush, Sina Kullo, Iftikhar J.
AuthorAffiliation	4 Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States of America National Yang-Ming University, TAIWAN 5 Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, United States of America 9 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America 1 Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America 6 Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States of America 7 Jackson Heart Study, Tougaloo College, Jackson, United States of America 2 St. Luke’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Chesterfield, United States of America 10 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America 3 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Jackson, United States of America 8 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Jackso
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States of America – name: 8 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Jackson, United States of America – name: 7 Jackson Heart Study, Tougaloo College, Jackson, United States of America – name: 10 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America – name: 3 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Jackson, United States of America – name: 9 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America – name: National Yang-Ming University, TAIWAN – name: 1 Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America – name: 5 Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, United States of America – name: 2 St. Luke’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Chesterfield, United States of America – name: 6 Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States of America
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28922371$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science 2017 Tibuakuu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2017 Tibuakuu et al 2017 Tibuakuu et al
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SubjectTerms	Aged Atherosclerosis Biological markers Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers Biomarkers - blood Blood pressure C-reactive protein C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Cardiology Cardiovascular disease Cell adhesion & migration Cigarette smoking Cigarettes Complications and side effects Cytokines Damage detection Diabetes Disease prevention DNA methylation Epidemiology Federal regulation Female Genetic aspects Health risk assessment Heart Humans Hypertension Inflammation Inflammation - blood Inflammation - epidemiology Male Mathematical models Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology People and places Physiological aspects Prevalence Proteins Quality control Risk factors Smoking Smoking - blood Smoking - epidemiology Tobacco Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Title	The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study
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