The exerkine apelin reverses age-associated sarcopenia

Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength, lacks early diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to prevent the frailty-to-disability transition often responsible for the medical institutionalization of elderly individuals. Herein we report that production...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nature Medicine Vol. 24; no. 9; pp. 1360 - 1371
Main Authors:	Vinel, Claire, Lukjanenko, Laura, Batut, Aurelie, Deleruyelle, Simon, Pradère, Jean-Philippe, Le Gonidec, Sophie, Dortignac, Alizée, Geoffre, Nancy, Pereira, Ophelie, Karaz, Sonia, Lee, Umji, Camus, Mylène, Chaoui, Karima, Mouisel, Etienne, Bigot, Anne, Mouly, Vincent, Vigneau, Mathieu, Pagano, Allan F., Chopard, Angèle, Pillard, Fabien, Guyonnet, Sophie, Cesari, Matteo, Burlet-Schiltz, Odile, Pahor, Marco, Feige, Jerome N., Vellas, Bruno, Valet, Philippe, Dray, Cedric
Format:	Journal Article Magazine Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.09.2018 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/443/7 692/308/575 692/53 692/698/1671/1668/1973 Adenylate Kinase - metabolism Adolescent Adult Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Aging - pathology Animals Apelin - biosynthesis Apelin - blood Apelin Receptors - deficiency Apelin Receptors - metabolism Autonomy Autophagy Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Body Weight Cancer Research Cholecystokinin Diagnostic software Diagnostic systems Exercise Geriatrics Gerontology Hormones Humans Infectious Diseases Inflammation Kinetics Life Sciences Medical innovations Metabolic Diseases Mice, Inbred C57BL Molecular Medicine Muscle Cells - metabolism Muscle contraction Muscle function Muscle weakness Muscle Weakness - drug therapy Muscle Weakness - pathology Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscles Neurosciences Older people Organelle Biogenesis Osteoporosis Peptides Phagocytosis Pharmacology Physical activity Protein Biosynthesis Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Recombinant proteins Regeneration Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa - metabolism Rodents Sarcopenia Sarcopenia - blood Sarcopenia - pathology Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - metabolism Skeletal muscle Stem cell transplantation Stem cells Testosterone France adipose tissue regenerative capacity skeletal muscle physical activity satellite cells
ISSN:	1078-8956, 1546-170X, 1546-170X, 1744-7933
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Summary:	Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength, lacks early diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to prevent the frailty-to-disability transition often responsible for the medical institutionalization of elderly individuals. Herein we report that production of the endogenous peptide apelin, induced by muscle contraction, is reduced in an age-dependent manner in humans and rodents and is positively associated with the beneficial effects of exercise in older persons. Mice deficient in either apelin or its receptor (APLNR) presented dramatic alterations in muscle function with increasing age. Various strategies that restored apelin signaling during aging further demonstrated that this peptide considerably enhanced muscle function by triggering mitochondriogenesis, autophagy and anti-inflammatory pathways in myofibers as well as enhancing the regenerative capacity by targeting muscle stem cells. Taken together, these findings revealed positive regulatory feedback between physical activity, apelin and muscle function and identified apelin both as a tool for diagnosis of early sarcopenia and as the target of an innovative pharmacological strategy to prevent age-associated muscle weakness and restore physical autonomy. The muscle-secreted, exercise-induced peptide hormone apelin decreases with aging and sarcopenia, and its repletion in aged mice with recombinant protein improves muscle mass and function.
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ISSN:	1078-8956 1546-170X 1546-170X 1744-7933
DOI:	10.1038/s41591-018-0131-6