Normal Limits in Relation to Age, Body Size and Gender of Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Aortic Root Dimensions in Persons ≥15 Years of Age

Nomograms to predict normal aortic root diameter for body surface area (BSA) in broad ranges of age have been widely used but are limited by lack of consideration of gender effects, jumps in upper limits of aortic diameter among age strata, and data from older teenagers. Sinus of Valsalva diameter w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of cardiology Vol. 110; no. 8; pp. 1189 - 1194
Main Authors: Devereux, Richard B., de Simone, Giovanni, Arnett, Donna K., Best, Lyle G., Boerwinkle, Eric, Howard, Barbara V., Kitzman, Dalane, Lee, Elisa T., Mosley, Thomas H., Weder, Alan, Roman, Mary J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 15.10.2012
Elsevier
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Aged
Aging - physiology
Analysis of Variance
Aorta, Thoracic - anatomy & histology
Aorta, Thoracic - diagnostic imaging
Biological and medical sciences
Blood pressure
Body Size
Cardiology. Vascular system
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular system
Echocardiography - methods
Female
Gender
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Linear Models
Male
Medical sciences
Methods
Middle Aged
Reference Values
Sex Factors
Sinuses
Ultrasonic investigative techniques
Variables
New York
Sonography
Echocardiography
Root
Sex
Corporal biometry
Dimension
Normal
Body size
Aorta
Circulatory system
Limit
Cardiology
Age
ISSN:0002-9149, 1879-1913, 1879-1913
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Nomograms to predict normal aortic root diameter for body surface area (BSA) in broad ranges of age have been widely used but are limited by lack of consideration of gender effects, jumps in upper limits of aortic diameter among age strata, and data from older teenagers. Sinus of Valsalva diameter was measured by American Society of Echocardiography convention in normal-weight, nonhypertensive, nondiabetic subjects ≥15 years old without aortic valve disease from clinical or population-based samples. Analyses of covariance and linear regression with assessment of residuals identified determinants and developed predictive models for normal aortic root diameter. In 1,207 apparently normal subjects ≥15 years old (54% women), aortic root diameter was 2.1 to 4.3 cm. Aortic root diameter was strongly related to BSA and height (r = 0.48 for the 2 comparisons), age (r = 0.36), and male gender (+2.7 mm adjusted for BSA and age, p <0.001 for all comparisons). Multivariable equations using age, gender, and BSA or height predicted aortic diameter strongly (R = 0.674 for the 2 comparisons, p <0.001) with minimal relation of residuals to age or body size: for BSA 2.423 + (age [years] × 0.009) + (BSA [square meters] × 0.461) − (gender [1 = man, 2 = woman] × 0.267), SEE 0.261 cm; for height 1.519 + (age [years] × 0.010) + (height [centimeters] × 0.010) − (gender [1 = man, 2 = woman] × 0.247), SEE 0.215 cm. In conclusion, aortic root diameter is larger in men and increases with body size and age. Regression models incorporating body size, age, and gender are applicable to adolescents and adults without limitations of previous nomograms.
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ISSN:0002-9149
1879-1913
1879-1913
DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.05.063