A systematic review of the sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow devices in the detection of SARS-CoV-2

Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC infectious diseases Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 1 - 14
Main Authors:	Mistry, Dylan A., Wang, Jenny Y., Moeser, Mika-Erik, Starkey, Thomas, Lee, Lennard Y. W.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London BioMed Central 18.08.2021 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Subjects:	Antigens Confidence intervals Contact tracing Coronavirus Coronaviruses COVID-19 Data analysis Disease control Disease transmission Equipment and supplies Immunoassay Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Laboratories Lateral flow device Lateral flow test Mathematical analysis Medical Microbiology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Methods Parasitology Polymerase chain reaction Population RNA-directed DNA polymerase Sample size SARS-CoV-2 Sensitivity analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Systematic review Tropical Medicine Viral antigen detection Viral diseases United Kingdom COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Rapid antigen detection Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Population testing Lateral flow test Mass testing Viral antigen detection Lateral flow device
ISSN:	1471-2334, 1471-2334
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Methods A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6–45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5–99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5–95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7–100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. Conclusions This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32–99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame.
AbstractList	Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Methods A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6-45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5-99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5-95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7-100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. Conclusions This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32-99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame. Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Lateral flow device, Lateral flow test, Viral antigen detection, Rapid antigen detection, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Mass testing, Population testing Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Methods A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6–45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5–99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5–95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7–100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. Conclusions This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32–99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame. Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Methods A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6–45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5–99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5–95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7–100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. Conclusions This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32–99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame. Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6-45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5-99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5-95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7-100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32-99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame. Abstract Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Methods A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6–45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5–99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5–95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7–100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results. Conclusions This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32–99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame. Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.BACKGROUNDLateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organisation to help control outbreaks and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. There are now several studies assessing their accuracy but as yet no systematic review. Our aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs in a systematic review and summarise the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.A targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated.METHODSA targeted search of Pubmed and Medxriv, using PRISMA principles, was conducted identifying clinical studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFDs as their primary outcome compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Based on extracted data sensitivity and specificity was calculated for each study. Data was pooled based on manufacturer of LFD and split based on operator (self-swab or by trained professional) and sensitivity and specificity data were calculated.Twenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6-45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5-99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5-95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7-100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results.RESULTSTwenty-four papers were identified involving over 26,000 test results. Sensitivity from individual studies ranged from 37.7% (95% CI 30.6-45.5) to 99.2% (95% CI 95.5-99.9) and specificity from 92.4% (95% CI 87.5-95.5) to 100.0% (95% CI 99.7-100.0). Operation of the test by a trained professional or by the test subject with self-swabbing produced comparable results.This systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32-99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame.CONCLUSIONSThis systematic review identified that the performance of lateral flow devices is heterogeneous and dependent on the manufacturer. Some perform with high specificity but a great range of sensitivities were shown (38.32-99.19%). Test performance does not appear dependent on the operator. Potentially, LFDs could support the scaling up of mass testing to aid track and trace methodology and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 with the additional benefit of providing individuals with the results in a much shorter time frame.
ArticleNumber	828
Audience	Academic
Author	Moeser, Mika-Erik Starkey, Thomas Wang, Jenny Y. Lee, Lennard Y. W. Mistry, Dylan A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Dylan A. surname: Mistry fullname: Mistry, Dylan A. email: dylan.mistry@nhs.net organization: Oxford University Hospitals – sequence: 2 givenname: Jenny Y. surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jenny Y. organization: University of Oxford – sequence: 3 givenname: Mika-Erik surname: Moeser fullname: Moeser, Mika-Erik organization: University of Oxford – sequence: 4 givenname: Thomas surname: Starkey fullname: Starkey, Thomas organization: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham – sequence: 5 givenname: Lennard Y. W. surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Lennard Y. W. organization: Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
BookMark	eNqNkl1r2zAYhc3oWD-2P7Arw262C3f6sqXcDELYR6BQaEpvhSy9ShVsKbOUdPn3k5OOLmWU4Qtb8nOOdF7OeXHig4eieI_RJcai-RwxEXxSIYIr1NREVPRVcYYZxxWhlJ389X1anMe4QghzQSZvilPKGOK8npwV_bSMu5igV8npcoCtg4cy2DLdQxnBR5fc1qVdqbwp4xq0s06P64x0KsGgutJ24aE0Wakhls7vpQYS6OSCH8HF9GZRzcJdRd4Wr63qIrx7fF8Ut9--3s5-VFfX3-ez6VWlc45UUdwqw1re8pq0Fte2HReGKoXqhiJsRM0M5hMiKNYGEAAljCPRAmYUNL0o5gdbE9RKrgfXq2Eng3JyvxGGpVRDztuBFKBZjRQ3dSOyBW8xI7XSFlttOVM4e305eK03bQ9Gg0859JHp8R_v7uUybKWgHFOEssHHR4Mh_NxATLJ3UUPXKQ9hEyWpm5wj359n9MMzdBU2g8-T2lNMYMzpE7VUOYDzNuRz9Wgqp02eGKO0EZm6_AeVHwO907lI1uX9I8GnI0FmEvxKS7WJUc4XN__PXt8ds-LA6iHEOICVuUBq7Ea-kOskRnJsszy0WeY2y32b5ZiUPJP-GfuLInoQxQz7JQxPQ3xB9Ru_9ASu
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_2196_56972 crossref_primary_10_3390_c8040074 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hsr_2023_100112 crossref_primary_10_1002_btm2_10476 crossref_primary_10_1136_archdischild_2022_324353 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2022_09_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_snr_2025_100307 crossref_primary_10_3390_bios12090728 crossref_primary_10_1080_21655979_2023_2180221 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12887_025_05693_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_smsc_202300058 crossref_primary_10_1021_acssynbio_4c00819 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_022_13918_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2022_105326 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2024_111547 crossref_primary_10_1515_cclm_2022_1058 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000034927 crossref_primary_10_3390_life12111941 crossref_primary_10_1093_jalm_jfae120 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1004429 crossref_primary_10_3390_bios13121026 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_10568_3 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_9489067 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_022_07706_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2024_105654 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2022_105214 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jviromet_2024_115000 crossref_primary_10_1093_bioadv_vbad017 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines10071558 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2025_106485 crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12142477 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e40306 crossref_primary_10_1002_admi_202300391 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0010964 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0290406 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_27798 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_37893_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_022_08511_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_JCMA_0000000000000626 crossref_primary_10_3390_math10142508 crossref_primary_10_1002_adsr_202400188 crossref_primary_10_1021_acssensors_5c00995 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_04291_22 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_23_00129_9 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43856_022_00147_y crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13122387 crossref_primary_10_1002_nav_22141 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11538_023_01172_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells11071182 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_57647_3 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_2020_061402 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40291_022_00634_x crossref_primary_10_1039_D4SD00206G crossref_primary_10_2196_35706 crossref_primary_10_7861_clinmed_2022_0319 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_30654_4 crossref_primary_10_12688_gatesopenres_14202_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_snb_2023_133898
Cites_doi	10.1101/2020.11.18.20230375 10.1101/2020.04.16.20066787 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104472 10.1101/2020.12.01.20241562 10.1136/bmj.m3262 10.1101/2020.10.16.20213850 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104654 10.1101/2020.11.10.20228973 10.1101/2020.10.28.20220657 10.1101/2020.10.01.20203836 10.1101/2020.11.16.20230003 10.1101/2020.11.13.20231316 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.098 10.1101/2020.10.16.20214189 10.1101/2020.09.19.20197855 10.1128/mBio.00722-20 10.1007/978-1-59745-240-3_1 10.1101/2020.11.20.20235341 10.1101/2020.11.23.20237198 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215202 10.1101/2021.01.13.21249563 10.1101/2020.11.27.20239699 10.1101/2020.11.23.20237057 10.1093/labmed/lmaa104 10.1101/2020.11.18.20234104 10.1001/jama.2020.2783 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104659 10.1186/s12985-020-01452-5 10.1136/bmj.m4761 10.1136/bmj.m2875 10.1038/d41586-020-02661-2 10.1101/2020.06.22.20136309
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s) 2021 COPYRIGHT 2021 BioMed Central Ltd. 2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2021. The Author(s).
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s) 2021 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2021 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2021. The Author(s).
DBID	C6C AAYXX CITATION IOV ISR 3V. 7QL 7T2 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BENPR C1K CCPQU COVID DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH H94 K9. M0S M1P M7N PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA
DOI	10.1186/s12879-021-06528-3
DatabaseName	Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints Gale In Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Public Health Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC ProQuest Central Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Health & Medical Research Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Health & Safety Science Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine
EISSN	1471-2334
EndPage	14
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_8ec450a7d5684707b1425acf1fcf74a1 PMC8371300 A675243368 10_1186_s12879_021_06528_3
GeographicLocations	United Kingdom
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: United Kingdom
GroupedDBID	--- 0R~ 23N 2WC 53G 5VS 6J9 6PF 7X7 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AASML AAWTL ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACGFS ACIHN ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ ADUKV AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHBYD AHMBA AHYZX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BMC BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU CS3 DIK DU5 E3Z EAD EAP EAS EBD EBLON EBS EMB EMK EMOBN ESX F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR INH INR IOV ISR ITC KQ8 M1P M48 M~E O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PUEGO RBZ RNS ROL RPM RSV SMD SOJ SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP W2D WOQ WOW XSB AAYXX AFFHD CITATION 3V. 7QL 7T2 7U9 7XB 8FK AZQEC C1K COVID DWQXO H94 K9. M7N PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c652t-31bad4b7b752bf15fb4b7bd3aa056301d854d1792831cde0ee324708be143ec3
IEDL.DBID	DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount	73
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000686706700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1471-2334
IngestDate	Fri Oct 03 12:43:52 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:00:34 EST 2025 Fri Sep 05 09:24:08 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 05:39:45 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 11 10:35:57 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:08:23 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 14:56:20 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 15:04:37 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:14:15 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:15:21 EST 2025 Sat Sep 06 07:26:43 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	1
Keywords	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Rapid antigen detection Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Population testing Lateral flow test Mass testing Viral antigen detection Lateral flow device
Language	English
License	Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c652t-31bad4b7b752bf15fb4b7bd3aa056301d854d1792831cde0ee324708be143ec3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-3 ObjectType-Evidence Based Healthcare-1 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
OpenAccessLink	https://doaj.org/article/8ec450a7d5684707b1425acf1fcf74a1
PMID	34407759
PQID	2562481173
PQPubID	42582
PageCount	14
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_8ec450a7d5684707b1425acf1fcf74a1 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8371300 proquest_miscellaneous_2562832477 proquest_journals_2562481173 gale_infotracmisc_A675243368 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A675243368 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A675243368 gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A675243368 crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s12879_021_06528_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_021_06528_3 springer_journals_10_1186_s12879_021_06528_3
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2021-08-18
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2021-08-18
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 08 year: 2021 text: 2021-08-18 day: 18
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	London
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: London
PublicationTitle	BMC infectious diseases
PublicationTitleAbbrev	BMC Infect Dis
PublicationYear	2021
Publisher	BioMed Central BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Publisher_xml	– name: BioMed Central – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: Springer Nature B.V – name: BMC
References	6528_CR28 6528_CR27 6528_CR25 6528_CR24 6528_CR23 6528_CR22 6528_CR21 6528_CR20 6528_CR40 L Porte (6528_CR32) 2020; 99 6528_CR6 6528_CR5 6528_CR8 6528_CR7 6528_CR2 6528_CR1 E Mahase (6528_CR10) 2020; 371 F Cerutti (6528_CR18) 2020; 132 6528_CR29 6528_CR17 G Guglielmi (6528_CR3) 2020; 585 6528_CR15 6528_CR37 6528_CR14 6528_CR36 6528_CR13 A Nalumansi (6528_CR30) 2020; 30 6528_CR35 6528_CR12 6528_CR34 6528_CR11 6528_CR33 6528_CR31 AE Raffle (6528_CR9) 2020; 370 L Lan (6528_CR38) 2020; 323 A O’Dowd (6528_CR39) 2020; 370 L Porte (6528_CR4) 2020; 99 L Blairon (6528_CR16) 2020; 129 M Linares (6528_CR26) 2020; 133 C Chaimayo (6528_CR19) 2020; 17
References_xml	– ident: 6528_CR28 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.18.20230375 – ident: 6528_CR7 – ident: 6528_CR37 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20066787 – volume: 129 start-page: 104472 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR16 publication-title: J Clin Virol doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104472 – ident: 6528_CR34 doi: 10.1101/2020.12.01.20241562 – volume: 370 start-page: 3262 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR9 publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3262 – ident: 6528_CR14 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.16.20213850 – volume: 132 start-page: 104654 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR18 publication-title: J Clin Virol doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104654 – ident: 6528_CR13 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.10.20228973 – ident: 6528_CR20 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20220657 – volume: 30 start-page: 282 issue: 104 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR30 publication-title: Int J Infect Dis – ident: 6528_CR25 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.01.20203836 – ident: 6528_CR27 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.16.20230003 – ident: 6528_CR17 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.13.20231316 – volume: 99 start-page: 328 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR4 publication-title: Int J Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.098 – ident: 6528_CR6 – ident: 6528_CR22 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.16.20214189 – ident: 6528_CR35 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.19.20197855 – ident: 6528_CR1 doi: 10.1128/mBio.00722-20 – ident: 6528_CR2 doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-240-3_1 – ident: 6528_CR8 – ident: 6528_CR15 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.20.20235341 – ident: 6528_CR21 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.23.20237198 – ident: 6528_CR29 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215202 – ident: 6528_CR11 – ident: 6528_CR31 doi: 10.1101/2021.01.13.21249563 – ident: 6528_CR24 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.27.20239699 – ident: 6528_CR33 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.23.20237057 – ident: 6528_CR12 doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa104 – ident: 6528_CR23 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.18.20234104 – ident: 6528_CR40 – volume: 323 start-page: 1502 issue: 15 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR38 publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2783 – volume: 133 start-page: 104659 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR26 publication-title: J Clin Virol doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104659 – volume: 99 start-page: 328 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR32 publication-title: Int J Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.098 – volume: 17 start-page: 177 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR19 publication-title: Virol J doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01452-5 – volume: 371 start-page: 4761 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR10 publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4761 – volume: 370 start-page: 2875 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR39 publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2875 – volume: 585 start-page: 496 issue: 7826 year: 2020 ident: 6528_CR3 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-02661-2 – ident: 6528_CR36 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20136309 – ident: 6528_CR5
SSID	ssj0017829
Score	2.5543482
Snippet	Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to... Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have... Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to... Abstract Background Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy...
SourceID	doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale crossref springer
SourceType	Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	1
SubjectTerms	Antigens Confidence intervals Contact tracing Coronavirus Coronaviruses COVID-19 Data analysis Disease control Disease transmission Equipment and supplies Immunoassay Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Laboratories Lateral flow device Lateral flow test Mathematical analysis Medical Microbiology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Methods Parasitology Polymerase chain reaction Population RNA-directed DNA polymerase Sample size SARS-CoV-2 Sensitivity analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Systematic review Tropical Medicine Viral antigen detection Viral diseases
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: Public Health Database dbid: 8C1 link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1bb9MwFLZgIMQLd0RgIIOQeABruTix-4RKxQQSDLRO094sx5dRqUu2poW_zzmO2ypM2wuPiT-rjc_V9rkQ8rbSXjvtDSuNdIyXqWF1qS3T3DjjwcZUNhRx_SYODuTJyehnPHDrYljlWicGRW1bg2fke2Cac45ZkcXH8wuGXaPwdjW20LhJbmV5ylEw5WQT4pGB9RutE2VktdeBLhYjhkEJYHhzyYqBMQo1-y9r5svRkv9cmQZLtH__f7_hAbkXfVA67pnmIbnhmkfkzvd4y_6YnI3ptsAz7ZNbaOsp-Iq0w4D3vuME1Y2lmKmJ0Ub4DJC5xozmOfXz9g-1LqghOmvCVOuWIe6rQeB0fDhlk_aY5U_I0f7no8kXFtsyMAOrtgStXWvLa1GLMq99VvoaH2yhdYrFxjIrS25BzsFxyYx1qXPgtIlU1g58M2eKp2SnaRv3jNCq5tqZnDvpYaPiTG2ltj7TzoIKhn1WQrI1eZSJJcuxc8Zcha2LrFRPUgUkVYGkqkjI-82c875gx7XoT0j1DRKLbYcX7eJURdlV0hlgYi1sWYEtTwWem5Xa-MwbL7jOEvIGeUZhOY0G43VO9arr1Ncfx2oM-7GcF0UlrwJNDwegdxHkW_hQo2OOBCwXlukaIHcHSFAKZji85kAVlVKntuyXkNebYZyJgXaNa1c9RiK9RELEgO8HazQcaWa_QmFyWQi8HU3Ih7WEbH_8aho8v_6_viB38yCykmVyl-wsFyv3ktw2v5ezbvEqCPxfe4xdpw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Springer Nature - Connect here FIRST to enable access dbid: RSV link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bi9QwFA66ivjiXayuEkXwQcP2nszjuLgo6Cozy7BvIU1O1oGxlemM_n3PSdtZ6rqCPrb5QtuTc0vPJYy9LI03YLwVhVUg8iK2oiqMEya3YD3amNKFJq4f5fGxOj2dfOmLwtoh230ISQZNHcRalQctalI5EZRSgGYzVSK7yq6huVMkjrP5Yhc7QJs3Gcpj_jhvZIJCp_6L-vhijuRvgdJgf45u_9-b32G3en-TTzsGucuuQH2P3fjUR9Tvs29Tft7MmXeFLLzxHP1C3lJye3e6BDe141SVSZlFdI2QlaHq5RX3q-YndxBUDl_WYaqDTcjxqgk4n87m4rBZiPQBOzl6d3L4XvRHMAiLb7pBDV0Zl1eykkVa-aTwFV24zJiYGoslThW5Q5lGJyWxDmIAdNBkrCpAPwxs9pDt1U0Njxgvq9yATXNQHjclYCunjPOJAYfqFvdUEUuGRdG2b09Op2SsdNimqFJ3ZNRIRh3IqLOIvd7N-d415_gr-i2t9Q5JjbXDjWZ9pns51QosMqyRrijRbseS_pEVxvrEWy9zk0TsBXGKptYZNeXmnJlt2-oPnxd6inuvNM-yUl0Gms9GoFc9yDf4odb09RBILmrJNULuj5CoAOx4eOBa3SugVqMnm-ZURIyf_Xw3TDMpqa6GZtthFK2XjJgccfuIRuORevk1NCFXmaRIaMTeDDx__vDL1-Dxv8GfsJtpEBslErXP9jbrLTxl1-2PzbJdPwti_wtZIFQ1 priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature
Title	A systematic review of the sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow devices in the detection of SARS-CoV-2
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-021-06528-3 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2562481173 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2562832477 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8371300 https://doaj.org/article/8ec450a7d5684707b1425acf1fcf74a1
Volume	21
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000686706700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVADU databaseName: BioMedCentral Open Access database customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: RBZ dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.biomedcentral.com/search/ providerName: BioMedCentral – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: Springer Nature - Connect here FIRST to enable access customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-2334 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017829 issn: 1471-2334 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20011201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LbxMxELagIMQF8RRbSmQQEgewum87xzRqRSUaoqSKwsny-lEihd2qm8DfZ8a7m7JUhQuXlRyPs7FnPI945jMh73LllFVOs0wLy9Is1KzIlGEq1VY7sDG58SCun_lkIpbL4fS3q74wJ6yBB24W7lBYDd-guMlyUKQhxz8tMqVd5LTjqfKBD3g9XTDVnh-A3Rt2JTIiP6xBC_Mhw3QEMLmxYEnPDHm0_ps6-Wae5B-Hpd4GnTwmj1rnkY6aH_2E3LHlU_LgrD0ef0a-j-g1MjNtqlJo5Sg4ebTGTPXmqgiqSkOxxBLThLANJGuFpchr6tbVT2qs1x90Vfqhxm58wlaJhPPRbM7G1YLFz8n5yfH5-BNr71NgGia9AXVbKJMWvOBZXLgocwU2TKJUiChhkRFZamCDgscRaWNDa8Hb4qEoLDhVVicvyF5ZlfYloXmRKqvj1AoHEYbVhRHKuEhZA7oTAqSARN3qSt1ijeOVF2vpYw6Ry4YjEjgiPUdkEpAPuzGXDdLGX6mPkGk7SkTJ9h-A7MhWduS_ZCcgb5HlEnEwSky0uVDbupanXxZyBIFUnCZJLm4jms96RO9bIlfBRLVqixtguRBfq0d50KOE3az73Z34yVab1BLc0jjFimCY9ptdN47EDLnSVtuGRiC_eEB4T2x7a9TvKVffPKK4SDgeawbkYyfg1y-_nQf7_4MHr8jD2O9LwSJxQPY2V1v7mtzXPzar-mpA7vIl908BTzGOBuTe0fFkOhv4_Q6t6enZ9Cu0ZvPFL35FVwE
linkProvider	Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEF6VgoALb4ShwIJAHIrV-LmbA0KhUDVqGlATVbmt1vsokYJd4oSKH8V_ZGZtJzJVe-uBo7Ozdrw7882Mdx6EvEmllUZa5SeKGz9OOsrPEql9GSujLOiYVLsirgM2HPLJpPttg_xpcmEwrLLBRAfUulD4jXwHVHMYY1Zk9PH0p49do_B0tWmhUbHFgfl9Bi5b-aH_Gfb3bRjufRnv7vt1VwFfpUm4ANDJpI4zlrEkzGyQ2AwvdCRlB2tlBZonsQY2Bb0bKG06xoDNwTo8M2BaGBXBba-R6wDjDCPI2GTl3wWgbLtNXg5Pd0qAftb1MQYC9HzI_ail-1yLgPOK4Hxw5j8ntE7x7d39z5bsHrlTW9i0V4nEfbJh8gfk5mEdQ_CQ_OjRdflqWqXu0MJSsIRpieH8VT8NKnNNMQ8VY6nwGkhmEvO1Z9TOijOqjQNZOs3dVG0WLqotR8JR72jk7xbHfviIjK_iXR-TzbzIzRNC0yyWRoWx4RbcMKMyzaW2gTQaFAx4kR4JGm4Qqi7Ijn1BZsI5ZjwVFQcJ4CDhOEhEHtlezTmtypFcSv0JmWxFiaXE3Q_F_ETUyCS4USCikukkBUulw_CrYCKVDayyLJaBR14jiwosFpJjNNKJXJal6H89Fj3wNsM4ilJ-EdHoqEX0riayBbyoknUGCCwXFiFrUW61KAHyVHu4YXhRQ24p1tzukVerYZyJYYS5KZYVDcf9Yh5hLTFrrVF7JJ9-d2XXecTw7Ncj7xuBXD_84j14evl_fUlu7Y8PB2LQHx48I7dDhxbcD_gW2VzMl-Y5uaF-Labl_IXDGkrEFQvqXx0suiE
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1bb9MwFLZgoIkX7hOBAQYh8QDWcrf7WAYVE6NM61TtzXJ8GZVKMjUp_H3OcZKOMIaEeEz9WYnt43Opz_lMyKtcOWWV0yzTwrI0CzUrMmWYSrXVDmxMbjyJ6yGfTsXp6ejolyp-n-3eH0m2NQ3I0lQ2e-fGtVtc5Hs1aFU-YpheACY0Fiy5Tm6keGkQxuuz-eYcAezfqC-V-WO_gTnyrP2XdfPlfMnfDk29LZrc-f9R3CW3Oz-UjlvBuUeu2fI-2f7cnbQ_IN_G9ILkmbYFLrRyFPxFWmPSe3vrBFWloVitiRlH-AyQpcKq5iV1y-oHNdarIroofVdjG5_7VSJwNj6esf1qzuKH5GTy4WT_I-uuZmAavrQBzV0okxa84FlcuChzBT6YRKkQCcciI7LUwF4H5yXSxobWguPGQ1FY8M-sTnbIVlmV9hGheZEqq-PUCgfBitWFEcq4SFkDahhirYBE_QJJ3dGW4-0ZS-nDF5HLdholTKP00yiTgLzZ9DlvSTv-in6H675BIuG2_6Fanclu_0phNQiy4ibLwZ6HHP87y5R2kdOOpyoKyEuUGomUGiXm7JypdV3Lgy9zOYaYLE6TJBdXgWbHA9DrDuQqGKhWXZ0ETBdSdQ2QuwMkKAY9bO4lWHaKqZbg4cYpFhfDsF9smrEnJtuVtlq3GIHrxQPCB5I_mKNhS7n46snJRcLxhDQgb3v5v3j51Wvw-N_gz8n20fuJPDyYfnpCbsV-BwkWiV2y1azW9im5qb83i3r1zGuDn_MkX_0
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+of+the+sensitivity+and+specificity+of+lateral+flow+devices+in+the+detection+of+SARS-CoV-2&rft.jtitle=BMC+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Dylan+A.+Mistry&rft.au=Jenny+Y.+Wang&rft.au=Mika-Erik+Moeser&rft.au=Thomas+Starkey&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft.pub=BMC&rft.eissn=1471-2334&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=14&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12879-021-06528-3&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_8ec450a7d5684707b1425acf1fcf74a1
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1471-2334&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1471-2334&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1471-2334&client=summon