Does Feeding Tube Insertion and Its Timing Improve Survival?
Objectives To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting All U.S. nursing homes...
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| Published in: | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) Vol. 60; no. 10; pp. 1918 - 1921 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hoboken, NJ
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.2012
Wiley-Blackwell Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0002-8614, 1532-5415, 1532-5415 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Objectives
To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
All U.S. nursing homes (NHs).
Participants
Thirty‐six thousand four hundred ninety‐two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007.
Measurements
Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion.
Results
Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94–1.13). In residents who were tube‐fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86–1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion).
Conclusion
Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Objectives To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting All U.S. nursing homes (NHs). Participants Thirty-six thousand four hundred ninety-two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007. Measurements Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion. Results Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). In residents who were tube-fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86-1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion). Conclusion Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival. Prospective cohort study. Thirty-six thousand four hundred ninety-two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007. Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion. Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). In residents who were tube?fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = ;0.86-1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 ;month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion). Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. 24 references Objectives To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting All U.S. nursing homes (NHs). Participants Thirty‐six thousand four hundred ninety‐two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007. Measurements Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion. Results Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94–1.13). In residents who were tube‐fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86–1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion). Conclusion Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival. Prospective cohort study. Thirty-six thousand four hundred ninety-two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007. Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion. Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). In residents who were tube-fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86-1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion). Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival.Original Abstract: All U.S. nursing homes (NHs). To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival. Prospective cohort study. All U.S. nursing homes (NHs). Thirty-six thousand four hundred ninety-two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007. Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion. Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). In residents who were tube-fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86-1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion). Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival.OBJECTIVESTo examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival.Prospective cohort study.DESIGNProspective cohort study.All U.S. nursing homes (NHs).SETTINGAll U.S. nursing homes (NHs).Thirty-six thousand four hundred ninety-two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007.PARTICIPANTSThirty-six thousand four hundred ninety-two NH residents with advanced cognitive impairment from dementia and new problems eating studied between 1999 and 2007.Survival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion.MEASUREMENTSSurvival after development of the need for eating assistance and feeding tube insertion.Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). In residents who were tube-fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86-1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion).RESULTSOf the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-1.13). In residents who were tube-fed, the timing of PEG tube insertion relative to the onset of eating problems was not associated with survival after feeding tube insertion (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86-1.20, persons with a PEG tube inserted within 1 month of developing an eating problem versus later (4 months) insertion).Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival.CONCLUSIONNeither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. |
| Author | Teno, Joan M. Bynum, Julie P. W. Gozalo, Pedro L. Mitchell, Susan L. Kuo, Sylvia Rhodes, Ramona L. Mor, Vincent |
| AuthorAffiliation | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX The Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA The Dartmouth Institute at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: The Dartmouth Institute at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH – name: The Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI – name: Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA – name: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joan M. surname: Teno fullname: Teno, Joan M. email: Joan_Teno@brown.edu organization: Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence – sequence: 2 givenname: Pedro L. surname: Gozalo fullname: Gozalo, Pedro L. organization: Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence – sequence: 3 givenname: Susan L. surname: Mitchell fullname: Mitchell, Susan L. organization: Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Massachusetts, Boston – sequence: 4 givenname: Sylvia surname: Kuo fullname: Kuo, Sylvia organization: Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence – sequence: 5 givenname: Ramona L. surname: Rhodes fullname: Rhodes, Ramona L. organization: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, Dallas – sequence: 6 givenname: Julie P. W. surname: Bynum fullname: Bynum, Julie P. W. organization: Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth Medical School, New Hampshire, Hanover – sequence: 7 givenname: Vincent surname: Mor fullname: Mor, Vincent organization: Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence |
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| Keywords | Human timing of insertion Insertion Feeding tube eating problems Eating disorder Survival feeding tubes Improvement Gerontology Temporal study Degenerative disease Timing Elderly Dementia Geriatrics |
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| References | Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Roy J et al. Clinical and organizational factors associated with feeding tube use among nursing home residents with advanced cognitive impairment. JAMA 2003;290:73-80. Nair S, Hertan H, Pitchumoni CS. Hypoalbuminemia is a poor predictor of survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in elderly patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:133-136. Gaines DI, Durkalski V, Patel A et al. Dementia and cognitive impairment are not associated with earlier mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009;33:62-66. Delegge MH. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the dementia patient: Helpful or hindering? Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1018-1020. Kuo S, Rhodes RL, Mitchell SL et al. Natural history of feeding-tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2009;10:264-270. Carey TS, Hanson L, Garrett JM et al. Expectations and outcomes of gastric feeding tubes. Am J Med 2006;119:527.e11-e16. Rudberg MA, Egleston BL, Grant MD et al. Effectiveness of feeding tubes in nursing home residents with swallowing disorders. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2000;24:97-102. Hirdes JP, Frijters DH, Teare GF. The MDS-CHESS scale: A new measure to predict mortality in institutionalized older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:96-100. Mitchell SL, Lawson FM. Decision-making for long-term tube-feeding in cognitively impaired elderly people. Can Med Assoc J 1999;160:1705-1709. Bourdel-Marchasson I, Dumas F, Pinganaud G et al. Audit of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in long-term enteral feeding in a nursing home. Int J Qual Health Care 1997;9:297-302. Mor V, Intrator O, Unruh MA et al. Temporal and geographic variation in the validity and internal consistency of the Nursing Home Resident Assessment Minimum Data Set 2.0. BMC Health Serv Res 2011;11:78. Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: A review of the evidence. JAMA 1999;282:1365-1370. Murphy LM, Lipman TO. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in patients with dementia. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1351-1353. Sanders DS, Carter MJ, D'Silva J et al. Survival analysis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: A worse outcome in patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1472-1475. Candy B, Sampson EL, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding in older people with advanced dementia: Findings from a Cochrane systematic review. Int J Palliat Nurs 2009;15:396-404. Higaki F, Yokota O, Ohishi M. Factors predictive of survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the elderly: Is dementia really a risk factor? Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1011-1016; quiz 1017. Hernan MA, Brumback B, Robbins JM. Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men. Epidemiology 2000;11:561-570. Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1529-1538. Mitchell SL, Miller SC, Teno JM et al. Prediction of 6-month survival of nursing home residents with advanced dementia using ADEPT vs hospice eligibility guidelines. JAMA 2010;304:1929-1935. Meier DE, Ahronheim JC, Morris J et al. High short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with advanced dementia: Lack of benefit of tube feeding. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:594-599. Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Lipsitz LA. The risk factors and impact on survival of feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:327-332. Gillick MR. Rethinking the role of tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia. N Engl J Med 2000;342:206-210. Abuksis G, Mor M, Segal N et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: High mortality rates in hospitalized patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:128-132. Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 2000;11:550-560. 1997; 157 2009; 33 2006; 119 2001; 161 2009; 10 2000; 24 2010; 304 1999; 160 1999; 282 2000; 11 2000; 95 2011; 11 2003; 290 2000; 342 2008; 103 2009; 361 2003; 51 1997; 9 2009; 15 2003; 163 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 Mitchell SL (e_1_2_6_2_1) 1999; 160 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_8_1 e_1_2_6_19_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 12534853 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Jan;51(1):96-100 10772189 - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000 Mar-Apr;24(2):97-102 18177448 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;103(4):1011-6; quiz 1017 19828530 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 15;361(16):1529-38 21496257 - BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:78 18397425 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;103(4):1018-20 19426943 - J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009 May;10(4):264-70 11252121 - Arch Intern Med. 2001 Feb 26;161(4):594-9 10894581 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jun;95(6):1472-5 19773704 - Int J Palliat Nurs. 2009 Aug;15(8):396-404 10955409 - Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):561-70 9304429 - Int J Qual Health Care. 1997 Aug;9(4):297-302 21045099 - JAMA. 2010 Nov 3;304(17):1929-35 10638570 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1):128-32 10527184 - JAMA. 1999 Oct 13;282(14):1365-70 10639550 - N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 20;342(3):206-10 12796072 - Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jun 9;163(11):1351-3 10410631 - CMAJ. 1999 Jun 15;160(12):1705-9 16750971 - Am J Med. 2006 Jun;119(6):527.e11-6 9040301 - Arch Intern Med. 1997 Feb 10;157(3):327-32 12837714 - JAMA. 2003 Jul 2;290(1):73-80 10955408 - Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):550-60 18827070 - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009 Jan-Feb;33(1):62-6 10638571 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1):133-6 |
| References_xml | – reference: Murphy LM, Lipman TO. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in patients with dementia. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1351-1353. – reference: Gillick MR. Rethinking the role of tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia. N Engl J Med 2000;342:206-210. – reference: Nair S, Hertan H, Pitchumoni CS. Hypoalbuminemia is a poor predictor of survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in elderly patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:133-136. – reference: Bourdel-Marchasson I, Dumas F, Pinganaud G et al. Audit of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in long-term enteral feeding in a nursing home. Int J Qual Health Care 1997;9:297-302. – reference: Meier DE, Ahronheim JC, Morris J et al. High short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with advanced dementia: Lack of benefit of tube feeding. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:594-599. – reference: Higaki F, Yokota O, Ohishi M. Factors predictive of survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the elderly: Is dementia really a risk factor? Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1011-1016; quiz 1017. – reference: Mor V, Intrator O, Unruh MA et al. Temporal and geographic variation in the validity and internal consistency of the Nursing Home Resident Assessment Minimum Data Set 2.0. BMC Health Serv Res 2011;11:78. – reference: Gaines DI, Durkalski V, Patel A et al. Dementia and cognitive impairment are not associated with earlier mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009;33:62-66. – reference: Carey TS, Hanson L, Garrett JM et al. Expectations and outcomes of gastric feeding tubes. Am J Med 2006;119:527.e11-e16. – reference: Candy B, Sampson EL, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding in older people with advanced dementia: Findings from a Cochrane systematic review. Int J Palliat Nurs 2009;15:396-404. – reference: Sanders DS, Carter MJ, D'Silva J et al. Survival analysis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: A worse outcome in patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1472-1475. – reference: Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: A review of the evidence. JAMA 1999;282:1365-1370. – reference: Abuksis G, Mor M, Segal N et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: High mortality rates in hospitalized patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:128-132. – reference: Kuo S, Rhodes RL, Mitchell SL et al. Natural history of feeding-tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2009;10:264-270. – reference: Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Lipsitz LA. The risk factors and impact on survival of feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:327-332. – reference: Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 2000;11:550-560. – reference: Delegge MH. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the dementia patient: Helpful or hindering? Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1018-1020. – reference: Rudberg MA, Egleston BL, Grant MD et al. Effectiveness of feeding tubes in nursing home residents with swallowing disorders. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2000;24:97-102. – reference: Hirdes JP, Frijters DH, Teare GF. The MDS-CHESS scale: A new measure to predict mortality in institutionalized older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:96-100. – reference: Hernan MA, Brumback B, Robbins JM. Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men. Epidemiology 2000;11:561-570. – reference: Mitchell SL, Miller SC, Teno JM et al. Prediction of 6-month survival of nursing home residents with advanced dementia using ADEPT vs hospice eligibility guidelines. JAMA 2010;304:1929-1935. – reference: Mitchell SL, Lawson FM. Decision-making for long-term tube-feeding in cognitively impaired elderly people. Can Med Assoc J 1999;160:1705-1709. – reference: Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1529-1538. – reference: Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Roy J et al. Clinical and organizational factors associated with feeding tube use among nursing home residents with advanced cognitive impairment. 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publication-title: Am J Gastroenterol – volume: 9 start-page: 297 year: 1997 end-page: 302 article-title: Audit of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in long‐term enteral feeding in a nursing home publication-title: Int J Qual Health Care – volume: 11 start-page: 561 year: 2000 end-page: 570 article-title: Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV‐positive men publication-title: Epidemiology – volume: 11 start-page: 550 year: 2000 end-page: 560 article-title: Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology publication-title: Epidemiology – volume: 95 start-page: 133 year: 2000 end-page: 136 article-title: Hypoalbuminemia is a poor predictor of survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in elderly patients with dementia publication-title: Am J Gastroenterol – volume: 51 start-page: 96 year: 2003 end-page: 100 article-title: The MDS‐CHESS scale: A new measure to predict mortality in institutionalized older people publication-title: J Am Geriatr Soc – volume: 282 start-page: 1365 year: 1999 end-page: 1370 article-title: Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: A review of the evidence publication-title: JAMA – volume: 24 start-page: 97 year: 2000 end-page: 102 article-title: Effectiveness of feeding tubes in nursing home residents with swallowing disorders publication-title: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr – volume: 163 start-page: 1351 year: 2003 end-page: 1353 article-title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in patients with dementia publication-title: Arch Intern Med – ident: e_1_2_6_17_1 doi: 10.1001/jama.290.1.41 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_1 doi: 10.1177/014860710002400297 – ident: e_1_2_6_4_1 doi: 10.1001/jama.282.14.1365 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_1 doi: 10.1093/intqhc/9.4.297 – ident: e_1_2_6_5_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001203420312 – ident: e_1_2_6_8_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02079.x – volume: 160 start-page: 1705 year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_6_2_1 article-title: Decision‐making for long‐term tube‐feeding in cognitively impaired elderly people publication-title: Can Med Assoc J – ident: e_1_2_6_3_1 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.11.021 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01673.x – ident: e_1_2_6_16_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01701.x – ident: e_1_2_6_19_1 doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1572 – ident: e_1_2_6_15_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01719.x – ident: e_1_2_6_9_1 doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.4.594 – ident: e_1_2_6_25_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0902234 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_1 doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.11.1351 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01672.x – ident: e_1_2_6_20_1 doi: 10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.51017.x – ident: e_1_2_6_24_1 doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-78 – ident: e_1_2_6_22_1 doi: 10.1097/00001648-200009000-00011 – ident: e_1_2_6_23_1 doi: 10.12968/ijpn.2009.15.8.43799 – ident: e_1_2_6_12_1 doi: 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440240091014 – ident: e_1_2_6_14_1 doi: 10.1177/0148607108321709 – ident: e_1_2_6_21_1 doi: 10.1097/00001648-200009000-00012 – ident: e_1_2_6_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2008.10.010 – reference: 11252121 - Arch Intern Med. 2001 Feb 26;161(4):594-9 – reference: 9040301 - Arch Intern Med. 1997 Feb 10;157(3):327-32 – reference: 19426943 - J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009 May;10(4):264-70 – reference: 10410631 - CMAJ. 1999 Jun 15;160(12):1705-9 – reference: 10955409 - Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):561-70 – reference: 18827070 - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009 Jan-Feb;33(1):62-6 – reference: 19828530 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 15;361(16):1529-38 – reference: 12796072 - Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jun 9;163(11):1351-3 – reference: 10638570 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1):128-32 – reference: 21496257 - BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:78 – reference: 18397425 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;103(4):1018-20 – reference: 16750971 - Am J Med. 2006 Jun;119(6):527.e11-6 – reference: 10772189 - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000 Mar-Apr;24(2):97-102 – reference: 19773704 - Int J Palliat Nurs. 2009 Aug;15(8):396-404 – reference: 12837714 - JAMA. 2003 Jul 2;290(1):73-80 – reference: 10638571 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1):133-6 – reference: 10527184 - JAMA. 1999 Oct 13;282(14):1365-70 – reference: 21045099 - JAMA. 2010 Nov 3;304(17):1929-35 – reference: 10955408 - Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):550-60 – reference: 10639550 - N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 20;342(3):206-10 – reference: 18177448 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;103(4):1011-6; quiz 1017 – reference: 9304429 - Int J Qual Health Care. 1997 Aug;9(4):297-302 – reference: 10894581 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jun;95(6):1472-5 – reference: 12534853 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Jan;51(1):96-100 |
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To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias... To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to... Objectives To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged, 80 and over Bias Biological and medical sciences Cognitive impairment Cohort analysis Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases Dementia eating problems feeding tubes Female Gastrostomy General aspects Humans Intubation, Gastrointestinal - mortality Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Multivariate analysis Neurology Nursing homes Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Propensity Prospective Studies Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Residents Risk factors Selection bias survival Survival Rate Time Factors timing of insertion |
| Title | Does Feeding Tube Insertion and Its Timing Improve Survival? |
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