Prominent Reduction in Pyramidal Neurons Density in the Orbitofrontal Cortex of Elderly Depressed Patients

Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined. Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were colle...

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Published in:	Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 58; no. 4; pp. 297 - 306
Main Authors:	Rajkowska, Grazyna, Miguel-Hidalgo, Jose Javier, Dubey, Priti, Stockmeier, Craig A., Krishnan, K. Ranga Rama
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY Elsevier Inc 15.08.2005 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Adult and adolescent clinical studies Age Factors Age of Onset Aged Aged, 80 and over aging Biological and medical sciences Cell Count - methods Demography Depression Depressive Disorder - pathology Female Frontal Lobe - pathology Geriatric Psychiatry glial cells Humans late-life depression major depression Male Medical sciences Mood disorders morphometry Neuroglia - metabolism Neuroglia - pathology Postmortem Postmortem Changes Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Pyramidal Cells - metabolism Pyramidal Cells - pathology glial cells morphometry late-life depression aging major depression Postmortem Human Mood disorder Glial cell Orbitofrontal cortex Senescence Neuroglia Central nervous system Depression Density Encephalon Morphometry Pyramidal neuron Elderly
ISSN:	0006-3223, 1873-2402
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Abstract	Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined. Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were collected in 15 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 11 age-matched control subjects. Cell packing density of neurons and glia, density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, and cortical and laminar width were measured. The overall (layers I–VI) packing density of ORB neurons with pyramidal morphology was markedly decreased in MDD (by 30%) as compared with control subjects. Further laminar analysis of pyramidal neurons density revealed significant reductions in layers IIIc and V in MDD. In contrast, in MDD the density of nonpyramidal neurons and glia and cortical and laminar width were comparable to control values. In elderly subjects with depression, the density of pyramidal neurons in the ORB was particularly low in cortical layers V and III, the origin of prefronto-striatal and prefronto-cortical and prefronto-amygdalar projections. Degeneration of neurons furnishing these projections might be related to the white matter hyperintensities previously observed. Neuronal pathology seems to be more severe in elderly than in younger subjects with MDD.
AbstractList	Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined. Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were collected in 15 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 11 age-matched control subjects. Cell packing density of neurons and glia, density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, and cortical and laminar width were measured. The overall (layers I–VI) packing density of ORB neurons with pyramidal morphology was markedly decreased in MDD (by 30%) as compared with control subjects. Further laminar analysis of pyramidal neurons density revealed significant reductions in layers IIIc and V in MDD. In contrast, in MDD the density of nonpyramidal neurons and glia and cortical and laminar width were comparable to control values. In elderly subjects with depression, the density of pyramidal neurons in the ORB was particularly low in cortical layers V and III, the origin of prefronto-striatal and prefronto-cortical and prefronto-amygdalar projections. Degeneration of neurons furnishing these projections might be related to the white matter hyperintensities previously observed. Neuronal pathology seems to be more severe in elderly than in younger subjects with MDD. Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined.BACKGROUNDElderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined.Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were collected in 15 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 11 age-matched control subjects. Cell packing density of neurons and glia, density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, and cortical and laminar width were measured.METHODSPostmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were collected in 15 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 11 age-matched control subjects. Cell packing density of neurons and glia, density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, and cortical and laminar width were measured.The overall (layers I-VI) packing density of ORB neurons with pyramidal morphology was markedly decreased in MDD (by 30%) as compared with control subjects. Further laminar analysis of pyramidal neurons density revealed significant reductions in layers IIIc and V in MDD. In contrast, in MDD the density of nonpyramidal neurons and glia and cortical and laminar width were comparable to control values.RESULTSThe overall (layers I-VI) packing density of ORB neurons with pyramidal morphology was markedly decreased in MDD (by 30%) as compared with control subjects. Further laminar analysis of pyramidal neurons density revealed significant reductions in layers IIIc and V in MDD. In contrast, in MDD the density of nonpyramidal neurons and glia and cortical and laminar width were comparable to control values.In elderly subjects with depression, the density of pyramidal neurons in the ORB was particularly low in cortical layers V and III, the origin of prefronto-striatal and prefronto-cortical and prefronto-amygdalar projections. Degeneration of neurons furnishing these projections might be related to the white matter hyperintensities previously observed. Neuronal pathology seems to be more severe in elderly than in younger subjects with MDD.CONCLUSIONSIn elderly subjects with depression, the density of pyramidal neurons in the ORB was particularly low in cortical layers V and III, the origin of prefronto-striatal and prefronto-cortical and prefronto-amygdalar projections. Degeneration of neurons furnishing these projections might be related to the white matter hyperintensities previously observed. Neuronal pathology seems to be more severe in elderly than in younger subjects with MDD. Background Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined. Methods Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were collected in 15 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 11 age-matched control subjects. Cell packing density of neurons and glia, density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, and cortical and laminar width were measured. Results The overall (layers I-VI) packing density of ORB neurons with pyramidal morphology was markedly decreased in MDD (by 30%) as compared with control subjects. Further laminar analysis of pyramidal neurons density revealed significant reductions in layers IIIc and V in MDD. In contrast, in MDD the density of nonpyramidal neurons and glia and cortical and laminar width were comparable to control values. Conclusions In elderly subjects with depression, the density of pyramidal neurons in the ORB was particularly low in cortical layers V and III, the origin of prefronto-striatal and prefronto-cortical and prefronto-amygdalar projections. Degeneration of neurons furnishing these projections might be related to the white matter hyperintensities previously observed. Neuronal pathology seems to be more severe in elderly than in younger subjects with MDD.
Author	Miguel-Hidalgo, Jose Javier Dubey, Priti Rajkowska, Grazyna Krishnan, K. Ranga Rama Stockmeier, Craig A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Grazyna surname: Rajkowska fullname: Rajkowska, Grazyna email: grajkowska@psychiatry.umsmed.edu organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 2 givenname: Jose Javier surname: Miguel-Hidalgo fullname: Miguel-Hidalgo, Jose Javier organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 3 givenname: Priti surname: Dubey fullname: Dubey, Priti organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 4 givenname: Craig A. surname: Stockmeier fullname: Stockmeier, Craig A. organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi – sequence: 5 givenname: K. Ranga Rama surname: Krishnan fullname: Krishnan, K. Ranga Rama organization: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Keywords	glial cells morphometry late-life depression aging major depression Postmortem Human Mood disorder Glial cell Orbitofrontal cortex Senescence Neuroglia Central nervous system Depression Density Encephalon Morphometry Pyramidal neuron Elderly
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Snippet	Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that... Background Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell...
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SubjectTerms	Adult and adolescent clinical studies Age Factors Age of Onset Aged Aged, 80 and over aging Biological and medical sciences Cell Count - methods Demography Depression Depressive Disorder - pathology Female Frontal Lobe - pathology Geriatric Psychiatry glial cells Humans late-life depression major depression Male Medical sciences Mood disorders morphometry Neuroglia - metabolism Neuroglia - pathology Postmortem Postmortem Changes Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Pyramidal Cells - metabolism Pyramidal Cells - pathology
Title	Prominent Reduction in Pyramidal Neurons Density in the Orbitofrontal Cortex of Elderly Depressed Patients
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