Sleep-like cortical OFF-periods disrupt causality and complexity in the brain of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients

Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity a...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Nature communications Ročník 9; číslo 1; s. 4427 - 10
Hlavní autoři: Rosanova, M., Fecchio, M., Casarotto, S., Sarasso, S., Casali, A. G., Pigorini, A., Comanducci, A., Seregni, F., Devalle, G., Citerio, G., Bodart, O., Boly, M., Gosseries, O., Laureys, S., Massimini, M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 24.10.2018
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Témata:
631/378
631/378/1385/519
631/378/1697/2601
692/617/375/1345
9/26
Brain
Brain - physiology
Brain injury
Cerebral cortex
Complexity
Consciousness
EEG
Electroencephalography
Head injuries
Human health sciences
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Magnetic fields
multidisciplinary
Neurologie
Neurology
Patients
Persistent Vegetative State - physiopathology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sciences de la santé humaine
Sensory stimuli
Sleep
Sleep - physiology
Sleep and wakefulness
Somatosensory cortex
Thalamus
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Wakefulness
Wakefulness - physiology
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients ( N  = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals ( N  = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects ( N  = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness. Many brain-injured patients retain large cortical islands that are intact, active and reactive but blocked in a state of low complexity, leading to unconsciousness. Here, the authors show that this loss of complexity is due to the pathological engagement of sleep-like neuronal mechanisms.
AbstractList Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients ( N  = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals ( N  = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects ( N  = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness.
Many brain-injured patients retain large cortical islands that are intact, active and reactive but blocked in a state of low complexity, leading to unconsciousness. Here, the authors show that this loss of complexity is due to the pathological engagement of sleep-like neuronal mechanisms.
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients (N = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals (N = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects (N = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness.
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients ( N  = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals ( N  = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects ( N  = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness. Many brain-injured patients retain large cortical islands that are intact, active and reactive but blocked in a state of low complexity, leading to unconsciousness. Here, the authors show that this loss of complexity is due to the pathological engagement of sleep-like neuronal mechanisms.
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients (N = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals (N = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects (N = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness.Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients (N = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals (N = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects (N = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness.
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients (N = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals (N = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects (N = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness. © 2018, The Author(s).
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients (N = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals (N = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects (N = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness.
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory stimuli but fail to engage in complex causal interactions, resulting in loss of consciousness. Here, we show that loss of brain complexity after severe injuries is due to a pathological tendency of cortical circuits to fall into silence (OFF-period) upon receiving an input, a behavior typically observed during sleep. Spectral and phase domain analysis of EEG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals the occurrence of OFF-periods in the cortex of UWS patients (N = 16); these events never occur in healthy awake individuals (N = 20) but are similar to those detected in healthy sleeping subjects (N = 8). Crucially, OFF-periods impair local causal interactions, and prevent the build-up of global complexity in UWS. Our findings link potentially reversible local events to global brain dynamics that are relevant for pathological loss and recovery of consciousness. Many brain-injured patients retain large cortical islands that are intact, active and reactive but blocked in a state of low complexity, leading to unconsciousness. Here, the authors show that this loss of complexity is due to the pathological engagement of sleep-like neuronal mechanisms.
ArticleNumber 4427
Author Laureys, S.
Massimini, M.
Comanducci, A.
Boly, M.
Casali, A. G.
Casarotto, S.
Citerio, G.
Devalle, G.
Bodart, O.
Rosanova, M.
Fecchio, M.
Pigorini, A.
Seregni, F.
Gosseries, O.
Sarasso, S.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: M.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7486-7617
  surname: Rosanova
  fullname: Rosanova, M.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Fondazione Europea per la Ricerca Biomedica Onlus, Neurointensive Care Unit, ASTT Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0347-8531
  surname: Fecchio
  fullname: Fecchio, M.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: S.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7548-7664
  surname: Casarotto
  fullname: Casarotto, S.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi
– sequence: 4
  givenname: S.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9984-4710
  surname: Sarasso
  fullname: Sarasso, S.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan
– sequence: 5
  givenname: A. G.
  surname: Casali
  fullname: Casali, A. G.
  organization: Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
– sequence: 6
  givenname: A.
  surname: Pigorini
  fullname: Pigorini, A.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan
– sequence: 7
  givenname: A.
  surname: Comanducci
  fullname: Comanducci, A.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan
– sequence: 8
  givenname: F.
  surname: Seregni
  fullname: Seregni, F.
  organization: Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
– sequence: 9
  givenname: G.
  surname: Devalle
  fullname: Devalle, G.
  organization: IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi
– sequence: 10
  givenname: G.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5374-3161
  surname: Citerio
  fullname: Citerio, G.
  organization: Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Milan Bicocca
– sequence: 11
  givenname: O.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1188-5484
  surname: Bodart
  fullname: Bodart, O.
  organization: GIGA-consciousness, Coma Science Group, University and University Hospital of Liège
– sequence: 12
  givenname: M.
  surname: Boly
  fullname: Boly, M.
  organization: Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin
– sequence: 13
  givenname: O.
  surname: Gosseries
  fullname: Gosseries, O.
  organization: GIGA-consciousness, Coma Science Group, University and University Hospital of Liège
– sequence: 14
  givenname: S.
  surname: Laureys
  fullname: Laureys, S.
  organization: GIGA-consciousness, Coma Science Group, University and University Hospital of Liège
– sequence: 15
  givenname: M.
  surname: Massimini
  fullname: Massimini, M.
  email: marcello.massimini@unimi.it
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30356042$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9Uk1vFSEUnZgaW2v_gAsziRs3o3wNMBsT0_i0SZMu1DVh4M4rLQ9GmHn64p-X91FtuygbLnDO4R44L6ujEANU1WuM3mNE5YfMMOOiQVg2iEuBG_ysOiGIlUIQenSvPq7Ocr5BZdAOS8ZeVMcU0ZYjRk6qP988wNh4dwu1iWlyRvv6arFoRkgu2lxbl9M8TrXRc9beTZtaB1ugq9HD7-3ShXq6hrpPulRxqOeQII8xZLeG-pe-hWH2AXKu8ybYFFdQj3pyEKb8qno-aJ_h7DCfVj8Wn7-ff20ur75cnH-6bAxv0dSIXoDpCBp6MiDUWoOR7HrdSgAGvKMtka2hFouhQwPtLVjCuG2phMEK1hF6Wl3sdW3UN2pMbqXTRkXt1G4jpqXSW-ceFDGsExpxbrRm3HBpJZK4o7xHuMUYitbHvdY49yuwpvhI2j8QfXgS3LVaxrXiBCEhRBGgewHvYAnl8t6pNdkRd_XsSzdG9aUXwqUitHyzLKx3h2tT_DlDntTKZQPe6wBxzopg0lLUIoIL9O0j6E2cUygPvEUx0QqMWUG9ue_jn4G7ZBSA3ANMijknGJRxU_m4uLXlvMJIbXOo9jlUJYdql0O17YA8ot6pP0k6vEsu4LCE9L_tJ1h_AbRh8KA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2019_00050
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10548_021_00828_2
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnsys_2019_00023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crmeth_2023_100681
crossref_primary_10_1113_JP279476
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0290146
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2020_569973
crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_13870
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpsycho_2019_08_001
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_71124_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resuscitation_2024_110398
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2020_07_015
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2023_119926
crossref_primary_10_1113_JP287616
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneumeth_2022_109486
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11055_022_01226_2
crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_84630
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nicl_2020_102471
crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awaa338
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2024_105670
crossref_primary_10_1093_nc_niae025
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_09457_6
crossref_primary_10_1093_nc_niac004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cophys_2020_04_005
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_58717_2
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_022_02958_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2023_120162
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2025_2110746
crossref_primary_10_1140_epjs_s11734_024_01454_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2025_07_016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2025_113213
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms231911785
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_41274_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejso_2020_01_025
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41582_020_00428_x
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnsys_2019_00075
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2020_117579
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nicl_2020_102261
crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_16299
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cnp_2025_09_001
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12984_023_01223_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2020_117415
crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2024_1511767
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2024_07_008
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_28451_0
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_023_05109_1
crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_70583
crossref_primary_10_4103_ATN_ATN_D_24_00006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2019_05_013
crossref_primary_10_1162_imag_a_00137
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2019_06_006
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12028_023_01706_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneumeth_2023_109958
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_46382_w
crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_0914_22_2022
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0223921
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_025_07991_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci10010042
crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_16108
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuron_2024_02_004
crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_16149
crossref_primary_10_1136_svn_2022_001998
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2023_03_010
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_021_02537_9
crossref_primary_10_1093_pnasnexus_pgaf009
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_023_03330_3
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12264_022_00909_7
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1011246
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2025_116040
crossref_primary_10_1161_STROKEAHA_123_045174
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0140525X21002016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2022_04_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12028_021_01281_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2020_07_012
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_51586_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2021_09_029
crossref_primary_10_1093_nc_niaa005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinph_2021_08_027
crossref_primary_10_1093_nc_niaa008
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2022_1024278
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bja_2023_05_030
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2022_04_025
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_020_10095_z
crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhz320
crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_84630_3
crossref_primary_10_1097_ALN_0000000000004795
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnsys_2020_549309
crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci13040534
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneumeth_2022_109677
crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci10120917
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pneurobio_2025_102719
crossref_primary_10_1093_nc_niab023
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_022_03330_y
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnana_2022_960439
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2019_01_010
crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhad259
Cites_doi 10.1093/cercor/bhj157
10.1016/S0013-4694(97)00111-9
10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00236
10.1002/ana.24423
10.1093/cercor/bhx122
10.1002/ana.23635
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.056
10.7554/eLife.22425
10.1073/pnas.0702495104
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0445-09.2009
10.1093/cercor/7.3.228
10.1038/79848
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1303-17.2017
10.1016/0013-4694(77)90258-9
10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.233
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0754-09.2009
10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.008
10.1093/brain/awf131
10.1002/hbm.22948
10.1212/WNL.0000000000000260
10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.060
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.014
10.1093/brain/awr340
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03252.1993
10.1073/pnas.1320969111
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3603-14.2015
10.1186/1741-7015-8-68
10.1080/09602010443000371
10.1126/science.1169626
10.1371/journal.pone.0010281
10.1093/brain/awu141
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6162-08.2009
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02271-6
10.1080/02699052.2017.1300836
10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60042-8
10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.185
10.1172/JCI27021
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.017
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
10.1016/0013-4694(49)90219-9
10.1093/brain/awm294
10.1152/jn.00915.2004
10.1212/WNL.27.4.326
10.1038/s41598-017-12033-y
10.1073/pnas.86.20.8098
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0141-05.2005
10.1002/ana.24779
10.1007/s11571-011-9179-4
10.1053/apmr.2001.25137
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.015
10.1093/cercor/10.12.1185
10.1038/nn.2445
10.1073/pnas.98.4.1924
10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.002
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1156-13.2014
10.3389/fnhum.2017.00385
10.1002/ana.24283
10.1038/nature06041
10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.033
10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.002
10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.030
10.1126/science.1117256
10.1152/jn.00845.2002
10.1038/nrn.2016.44
10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.005
10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00852-X
10.1093/cercor/bhj145
10.1056/NEJMoa1102609
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02541.1990
10.1016/j.brs.2014.10.008
10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182588293
10.7554/eLife.26177
10.5664/jcsm.26814
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2018
2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2018
– notice: 2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7T7
7TM
7TO
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
P5Z
P62
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
SOI
7X8
JLOSS
Q33
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1038/s41467-018-06871-1
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Environment Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Technology collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Biological Science Database
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Genetics Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
Université de Liège - Open Repository and Bibliography (ORBI) (Open Access titles only)
Université de Liège - Open Repository and Bibliography (ORBI)
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
Chemoreception Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
Immunology Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef

MEDLINE

MEDLINE - Academic

Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2041-1723
EndPage 10
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_2c497a066caa46c68d8081936b01511e
PMC6200777
oai_orbi_ulg_ac_be_2268_231468
30356042
10_1038_s41467_018_06871_1
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award 2013 Tiny Blue Dot Foundation
– fundername: Ministero della Salute (Ministry of Health, Italy)
  grantid: GR-2011-02352031; GR-2011-02352031
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003196
– fundername: Belgian Funds for Scientific Research (FRS) Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica
– fundername: Funder: São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grant Reference Number 2016/08263-9
– fundername: EC | Horizon 2020 (European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation)
  grantid: 720270; 785907; 720270; 785907; 686764; 720270; 686764; 785907
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601
– fundername: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
  grantid: CRSII3_160803/1
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
– fundername: Ministero della Salute (Ministry of Health, Italy)
  grantid: GR-2011-02352031
– fundername: EC | Horizon 2020 (European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation)
  grantid: 720270
– fundername: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
  grantid: CRSII3_160803/1
– fundername: EC | Horizon 2020 (European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation)
  grantid: 686764
– fundername: EC | Horizon 2020 (European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation)
  grantid: 785907
– fundername: ;
– fundername: ;
  grantid: GR-2011-02352031; GR-2011-02352031
– fundername: ;
  grantid: 720270; 785907; 720270; 785907; 686764; 720270; 686764; 785907
– fundername: ;
  grantid: CRSII3_160803/1
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
39C
3V.
53G
5VS
70F
7X7
88E
8AO
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAHBH
AAJSJ
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACMJI
ACPRK
ACSMW
ADBBV
ADFRT
ADMLS
ADRAZ
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AFRAH
AHMBA
AJTQC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMTXH
AOIJS
ARAPS
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
BAPOH
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
DIK
EBLON
EBS
EE.
EMOBN
F5P
FEDTE
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HVGLF
HYE
HZ~
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M48
M7P
M~E
NAO
O9-
OK1
P2P
P62
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RNS
RNT
RNTTT
RPM
SNYQT
SV3
TSG
UKHRP
AASML
AAYXX
AFFHD
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7T7
7TM
7TO
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
SOI
7X8
PUEGO
4.4
CAG
COF
EJD
JLOSS
LGEZI
LOTEE
NADUK
NXXTH
Q33
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c650t-7b7ec920fb2f005dc1089ba58ee4e6935285c3d17f90f3bded246d538efd74923
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 108
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000448104800016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2041-1723
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:53:04 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 01:54:51 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 01:27:11 EST 2025
Thu Sep 04 17:49:16 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 14:17:49 EST 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:35:46 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:31:59 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:37:55 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:39:51 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c650t-7b7ec920fb2f005dc1089ba58ee4e6935285c3d17f90f3bded246d538efd74923
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
scopus-id:2-s2.0-85055463200
ORCID 0000-0002-0347-8531
0000-0001-9984-4710
0000-0003-1188-5484
0000-0001-7486-7617
0000-0002-7548-7664
0000-0002-5374-3161
0000-0001-9011-7496
0000-0002-3096-3807
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/2c497a066caa46c68d8081936b01511e
PMID 30356042
PQID 2124757114
PQPubID 546298
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2c497a066caa46c68d8081936b01511e
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6200777
liege_orbi_v2_oai_orbi_ulg_ac_be_2268_231468
proquest_miscellaneous_2125305021
proquest_journals_2124757114
pubmed_primary_30356042
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41467_018_06871_1
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_018_06871_1
springer_journals_10_1038_s41467_018_06871_1
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-10-24
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-10-24
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2018
  text: 2018-10-24
  day: 24
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Nature communications
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nat Commun
PublicationTitleAlternate Nat Commun
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
References Ball, Gloor, Schaul (CR35) 1977; 43
Thibaut, Bruno, Ledoux, Demertzi, Laureys (CR67) 2014; 82
Casarotto (CR7) 2016; 80
Cash (CR23) 2009; 324
Monti, Schnakers, Korb, Bystritsky, Vespa (CR63) 2016; 9
Giacino, Kalmar, Whyte (CR21) 2004; 85
Grandchamp, Delorme (CR74) 2011; 2
Usami (CR11) 2015; 36
Casali (CR9) 2013; 5
Laureys (CR61) 2000; 355
Hill, Tononi (CR33) 2005; 93
Sanchez-Vives, McCormick (CR14) 2000; 3
Tononi, Boly, Massimini, Koch (CR56) 2016; 17
Forgacs (CR72) 2014; 76
Sidaros (CR60) 2008; 131
Casarotto (CR71) 2010; 5
Schwindt, Spain, Crill (CR37) 1989; 61
Fridman, Beattie, Broft, Laureys, Schiff (CR44) 2014; 111
Leon-Carrion, Martin-Rodriguez, Damas-Lopez, Barroso y Martin, Dominguez-Morales (CR47) 2008; 119
Schiff (CR3) 2002; 125
McCormick, Williamson (CR31) 1989; 86
Steriade, Datta, Paré, Oakson, Curró Dossi (CR30) 1990; 10
Timofeev, Grenier, Steriade (CR13) 2001; 98
Lutkenhoff (CR58) 2015; 78
Delorme, Makeig (CR73) 2004; 134
Giacino (CR65) 2012; 366
Edlow (CR32) 2012; 71
Zucca (CR17) 2017; 6
Mann, Kohl, Paulsen (CR19) 2009; 29
Schiff (CR62) 2007; 448
Laureys, Owen, Schiff (CR2) 2004; 3
Bodart (CR28) 2017; 14
Fischer, Luaute, Morlet (CR6) 2010; 121
Lemieux, Chen, Lonjers, Bazhenov, Timofeev (CR39) 2014; 34
Corazzol (CR68) 2017; 27
Massimini (CR70) 2007; 104
Compte, Sanchez-Vives, McCormick, Wang (CR15) 2003; 89
Piantoni (CR24) 2013; 89
Tartaglia, Brunel (CR51) 2017; 7
Freyer, Aquino, Robinson, Ritter, Breakspear (CR52) 2009; 29
Lumer, Edelman, Tononi (CR55) 1997; 7
Stender (CR4) 2014; 384
Mukovski, Chauvette, Timofeev, Volgushev (CR22) 2007; 17
Menicucci (CR25) 2013; 89
Lőrincz (CR40) 2015; 35
D’Andola (CR64) 2018; 28
Laureys (CR1) 2010; 8
Gosseries (CR27) 2015; 8
Fanciullacci (CR41) 2017; 11
Mattia, Sanchez-Vives (CR50) 2012; 6
Gloor, Ball, Schaul (CR34) 1977; 27
Rosanova (CR26) 2012; 135
Fernández-Espejo (CR57) 2012; 72
Crunelli, Hughes (CR46) 2010; 13
Palva, Linkenkaer-Hansen, Näätänen, Palva (CR75) 2005; 25
Timofeev, Grenier, Bazhenov, Sejnowski, Steriade (CR20) 2000; 10
Steriade, Nuñez, Amzica (CR12) 1993; 13
Pigorini (CR10) 2015; 112
Jercog (CR53) 2017; 6
Massimini (CR8) 2005; 309
Funk (CR16) 2017; 37
Rosanova (CR54) 2009; 29
Boly (CR5) 2005; 15
Sutton, Clauss (CR66) 2017; 31
Moruzzi, Magoun (CR29) 1949; 1
McCormick, Bal (CR45) 1997; 20
Schiff (CR43) 2010; 33
Voss (CR59) 2006; 116
Nita, Cissé, Timofeev, Steriade (CR38) 2007; 17
Sitt (CR49) 2014; 137
Meythaler, Peduzzi, Eleftheriou, Novack (CR36) 2001; 82
Schaul (CR42) 1998; 106
Sanchez-Vives, Massimini, Mattia (CR18) 2017; 94
Silber (CR69) 2007; 3
Lehembre (CR48) 2012; 27
M Massimini (6871_CR70) 2007; 104
P Gloor (6871_CR34) 1977; 27
J Stender (6871_CR4) 2014; 384
S Casarotto (6871_CR71) 2010; 5
A Sidaros (6871_CR60) 2008; 131
ND Schiff (6871_CR62) 2007; 448
V Crunelli (6871_CR46) 2010; 13
HU Voss (6871_CR59) 2006; 116
O Bodart (6871_CR28) 2017; 14
S Hill (6871_CR33) 2005; 93
SS Cash (6871_CR23) 2009; 324
O Gosseries (6871_CR27) 2015; 8
S Casarotto (6871_CR7) 2016; 80
M Boly (6871_CR5) 2005; 15
J Leon-Carrion (6871_CR47) 2008; 119
AG Casali (6871_CR9) 2013; 5
JD Sitt (6871_CR49) 2014; 137
A Pigorini (6871_CR10) 2015; 112
M Corazzol (6871_CR68) 2017; 27
A Delorme (6871_CR73) 2004; 134
PB Forgacs (6871_CR72) 2014; 76
G Moruzzi (6871_CR29) 1949; 1
MV Sanchez-Vives (6871_CR18) 2017; 94
M Rosanova (6871_CR54) 2009; 29
R Grandchamp (6871_CR74) 2011; 2
S Zucca (6871_CR17) 2017; 6
S Laureys (6871_CR61) 2000; 355
DA McCormick (6871_CR31) 1989; 86
PC Schwindt (6871_CR37) 1989; 61
C Fanciullacci (6871_CR41) 2017; 11
JT Giacino (6871_CR65) 2012; 366
M Steriade (6871_CR12) 1993; 13
N Schaul (6871_CR42) 1998; 106
A Compte (6871_CR15) 2003; 89
M Mukovski (6871_CR22) 2007; 17
I Timofeev (6871_CR13) 2001; 98
ML Lőrincz (6871_CR40) 2015; 35
ND Schiff (6871_CR3) 2002; 125
MV Sanchez-Vives (6871_CR14) 2000; 3
EO Mann (6871_CR19) 2009; 29
D Fernández-Espejo (6871_CR57) 2012; 72
K Usami (6871_CR11) 2015; 36
I Timofeev (6871_CR20) 2000; 10
GJ Ball (6871_CR35) 1977; 43
JM Meythaler (6871_CR36) 2001; 82
MH Silber (6871_CR69) 2007; 3
M Steriade (6871_CR30) 1990; 10
EA Fridman (6871_CR44) 2014; 111
D Menicucci (6871_CR25) 2013; 89
JA Sutton (6871_CR66) 2017; 31
A Thibaut (6871_CR67) 2014; 82
M Massimini (6871_CR8) 2005; 309
S Laureys (6871_CR1) 2010; 8
JT Giacino (6871_CR21) 2004; 85
DA McCormick (6871_CR45) 1997; 20
M Mattia (6871_CR50) 2012; 6
G Tononi (6871_CR56) 2016; 17
C Fischer (6871_CR6) 2010; 121
D Jercog (6871_CR53) 2017; 6
CM Funk (6871_CR16) 2017; 37
DA Nita (6871_CR38) 2007; 17
S Palva (6871_CR75) 2005; 25
EM Tartaglia (6871_CR51) 2017; 7
ND Schiff (6871_CR43) 2010; 33
F Freyer (6871_CR52) 2009; 29
M D’Andola (6871_CR64) 2018; 28
S Laureys (6871_CR2) 2004; 3
R Lehembre (6871_CR48) 2012; 27
M Rosanova (6871_CR26) 2012; 135
M Lemieux (6871_CR39) 2014; 34
ES Lutkenhoff (6871_CR58) 2015; 78
ED Lumer (6871_CR55) 1997; 7
BL Edlow (6871_CR32) 2012; 71
G Piantoni (6871_CR24) 2013; 89
MM Monti (6871_CR63) 2016; 9
References_xml – volume: 17
  start-page: 400
  year: 2007
  end-page: 414
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Detection of active and silent states in neocortical neurons from the field potential signal during slow-wave sleep
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhj157
– volume: 106
  start-page: 101
  year: 1998
  end-page: 107
  ident: CR42
  article-title: The fundamental neural mechanisms of electroencephalography
  publication-title: Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0013-4694(97)00111-9
– volume: 2
  start-page: 236
  year: 2011
  ident: CR74
  article-title: Single-trial normalization for event-related spectral decomposition reduces sensitivity to noisy trials
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00236
– volume: 78
  start-page: 68
  year: 2015
  end-page: 76
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Thalamic and extrathalamic mechanisms of consciousness after severe brain injury
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24423
– volume: 28
  start-page: 2233
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2242
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Bistability, causality, and complexity in cortical networks: an in vitro perturbational study
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx122
– volume: 72
  start-page: 335
  year: 2012
  end-page: 343
  ident: CR57
  article-title: A role for the default mode network in the bases of disorders of consciousness
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.23635
– volume: 112
  start-page: 105
  year: 2015
  end-page: 113
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Bistability breaks-off deterministic responses to intracortical stimulation during non-REM sleep
  publication-title: Neuroimage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.056
– volume: 6
  start-page: e22425
  year: 2017
  ident: CR53
  article-title: UP-DOWN cortical dynamics reflect state transitions in a bistable network
  publication-title: eLife
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.22425
– volume: 104
  start-page: 8496
  year: 2007
  end-page: 8501
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Triggering sleep slow waves by transcranial magnetic stimulation
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702495104
– volume: 29
  start-page: 7679
  year: 2009
  end-page: 7685
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Natural frequencies of human corticothalamic circuits
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0445-09.2009
– volume: 7
  start-page: 228
  year: 1997
  end-page: 236
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Neural dynamics in a model of the thalamocortical system. II. The role of neural synchrony tested through perturbations of spike timing
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/7.3.228
– volume: 27
  start-page: 41
  year: 2012
  end-page: 47
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Resting-state EEG study of comatose patients: a connectivity and frequency analysis to find differences between vegetative and minimally conscious states
  publication-title: Funct. Neurol.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1027
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1034
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Cellular and network mechanisms of rhythmic recurrent activity in neocortex
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/79848
– volume: 37
  start-page: 9132
  year: 2017
  end-page: 9148
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Role of somatostatin-positive cortical interneurons in the generation of sleep slow waves
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1303-17.2017
– volume: 43
  start-page: 346
  year: 1977
  end-page: 361
  ident: CR35
  article-title: The cortical electromicrophysiology of pathological delta waves in the electroencephalogram of cats
  publication-title: Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(77)90258-9
– volume: 61
  start-page: 233
  year: 1989
  end-page: 244
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Long-lasting reduction of excitability by a sodium-dependent potassium current in cat neocortical neurons
  publication-title: J. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.233
– volume: 29
  start-page: 8512
  year: 2009
  end-page: 8524
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Bistability and non-Gaussian fluctuations in spontaneous cortical activity
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0754-09.2009
– volume: 9
  start-page: 940
  year: 2016
  end-page: 941
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Non-invasive ultrasonic thalamic stimulation in disorders of consciousness after severe brain injury: a first-in-man report
  publication-title: Brain Stimul.
  doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.008
– volume: 125
  start-page: 1210
  year: 2002
  end-page: 1234
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Residual cerebral activity and behavioural fragments can remain in the persistently vegetative brain
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awf131
– volume: 36
  start-page: 4714
  year: 2015
  end-page: 4729
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Sleep modulates cortical connectivity and excitability in humans: direct evidence from neural activity induced by single-pulse electrical stimulation
  publication-title: Hum. Brain Mapp.
  doi: 10.1002/hbm.22948
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1112
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1118
  ident: CR67
  article-title: tDCS in patients with disorders of consciousness: sham-controlled randomized double-blind study
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000260
– volume: 27
  start-page: R994
  year: 2017
  end-page: R996
  ident: CR68
  article-title: Restoring consciousness with vagus nerve stimulation
  publication-title: Curr. Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.060
– volume: 89
  start-page: 151
  year: 2013
  end-page: 157
  ident: CR25
  article-title: Fragments of wake-like activity frame down-states of sleep slow oscillations in humans: new vistas for studying homeostatic processes during sleep
  publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.014
– volume: 135
  start-page: 1308
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1320
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Recovery of cortical effective connectivity and recovery of consciousness in vegetative patients
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awr340
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3252
  year: 1993
  end-page: 3265
  ident: CR12
  article-title: A novel slow (<1 Hz) oscillation of neocortical neurons in vivo: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing components
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03252.1993
– volume: 111
  start-page: 6473
  year: 2014
  end-page: 6478
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Regional cerebral metabolic patterns demonstrate the role of anterior forebrain mesocircuit dysfunction in the severely injured brain
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1320969111
– volume: 35
  start-page: 5442
  year: 2015
  end-page: 5458
  ident: CR40
  article-title: A distinct class of slow (~0.2-2 Hz) intrinsically bursting layer 5 pyramidal neurons determines UP/DOWN state dynamics in the neocortex
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3603-14.2015
– volume: 8
  year: 2010
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome
  publication-title: BMC Med.
  doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-68
– volume: 15
  start-page: 283
  year: 2005
  end-page: 289
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Cerebral processing of auditory and noxious stimuli in severely brain injured patients: differences between VS and MCS
  publication-title: Neuropsychol. Rehabil.
  doi: 10.1080/09602010443000371
– volume: 324
  start-page: 1084
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1087
  ident: CR23
  article-title: The human K-complex represents an isolated cortical down-state
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1169626
– volume: 3
  start-page: 121
  year: 2007
  end-page: 131
  ident: CR69
  article-title: The visual scoring of sleep in adults
  publication-title: J. Clin. Sleep Med.
– volume: 5
  start-page: e10281
  year: 2010
  ident: CR71
  article-title: EEG responses to TMS are sensitive to changes in the perturbation parameters and repeatable over time
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010281
– volume: 137
  start-page: 2258
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2270
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Large scale screening of neural signatures of consciousness in patients in a vegetative or minimally conscious state
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awu141
– volume: 29
  start-page: 7513
  year: 2009
  end-page: 7518
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Distinct roles of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors in balancing and terminating persistent cortical activity
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6162-08.2009
– volume: 355
  start-page: 1790
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1791
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Restoration of thalamocortical connectivity after recovery from persistent vegetative state
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02271-6
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1019
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1027
  ident: CR66
  article-title: A review of the evidence of zolpidem efficacy in neurological disability after brain damage due to stroke, trauma and hypoxia: a justification of further clinical trials
  publication-title: Brain Inj.
  doi: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1300836
– volume: 384
  start-page: 514
  year: 2014
  end-page: 522
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Diagnostic precision of PET imaging and functional MRI in disorders of consciousness: a clinical validation study
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60042-8
– volume: 20
  start-page: 185
  year: 1997
  end-page: 215
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Sleep and arousal: thalamocortical mechanisms
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.185
– volume: 116
  start-page: 2005
  year: 2006
  end-page: 2011
  ident: CR59
  article-title: Possible axonal regrowth in late recovery from the minimally conscious state
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI27021
– volume: 89
  start-page: 252
  year: 2013
  end-page: 258
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Modulation of γ and spindle-range power by slow oscillations in scalp sleep EEG of children
  publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.017
– volume: 134
  start-page: 9
  year: 2004
  end-page: 21
  ident: CR73
  article-title: EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis
  publication-title: J. Neurosci. Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
– volume: 1
  start-page: 455
  year: 1949
  end-page: 473
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG
  publication-title: Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(49)90219-9
– volume: 131
  start-page: 559
  year: 2008
  end-page: 572
  ident: CR60
  article-title: Diffusion tensor imaging during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury and relation to clinical outcome: a longitudinal study
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awm294
– volume: 93
  start-page: 1671
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1698
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Modeling sleep and wakefulness in the thalamocortical system
  publication-title: J. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00915.2004
– volume: 27
  start-page: 326
  year: 1977
  end-page: 333
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Brain lesions that produce delta waves in the EEG
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.27.4.326
– volume: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Bistability and up/down state alternations in inhibition-dominated randomly connected networks of LIF neurons
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12033-y
– volume: 86
  start-page: 8098
  year: 1989
  end-page: 8102
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Convergence and divergence of neurotransmitter action in human cerebral cortex
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.8098
– volume: 25
  start-page: 5248
  year: 2005
  end-page: 5258
  ident: CR75
  article-title: Early neural correlates of conscious somatosensory perception
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0141-05.2005
– volume: 80
  start-page: 718
  year: 2016
  end-page: 729
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24779
– volume: 6
  start-page: 239
  year: 2012
  end-page: 250
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Exploring the spectrum of dynamical regimes and timescales in spontaneous cortical activity
  publication-title: Cogn. Neurodyn
  doi: 10.1007/s11571-011-9179-4
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1461
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1471
  ident: CR36
  article-title: Current concepts: diffuse axonal injury-associated traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.
  doi: 10.1053/apmr.2001.25137
– volume: 94
  start-page: 993
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1001
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Shaping the default activity pattern of the cortical network
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.015
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1185
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1199
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Origin of slow cortical oscillations in deafferented cortical slabs
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/10.12.1185
– volume: 13
  start-page: 9
  year: 2010
  end-page: 17
  ident: CR46
  article-title: The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm of non-REM sleep: a dialogue between three cardinal oscillators
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nn.2445
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1924
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1929
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Disfacilitation and active inhibition in the neocortex during the natural sleep-wake cycle: an intracellular study
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1924
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Recovery of consciousness after brain injury: a mesocircuit hypothesis
  publication-title: Trends Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.002
– volume: 34
  start-page: 5689
  year: 2014
  end-page: 5703
  ident: CR39
  article-title: The impact of cortical deafferentation on the neocortical slow oscillation
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1156-13.2014
– volume: 11
  start-page: 385
  year: 2017
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Delta power is higher and more symmetrical in ischemic stroke patients with cortical involvement
  publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00385
– volume: 76
  start-page: 869
  year: 2014
  end-page: 879
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Preservation of electroencephalographic organization in patients with impaired consciousness and imaging-based evidence of command-following
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24283
– volume: 448
  start-page: 600
  year: 2007
  end-page: 603
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature06041
– volume: 85
  start-page: 2020
  year: 2004
  end-page: 2029
  ident: CR21
  article-title: The JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility
  publication-title: Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.033
– volume: 14
  start-page: 354
  year: 2017
  end-page: 362
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Measures of metabolism and complexity in the brain of patients with disorders of consciousness
  publication-title: Neuroimage Clin.
  doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.002
– volume: 119
  start-page: 1506
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1514
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Brain function in the minimally conscious state: a quantitative neurophysiological study
  publication-title: Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.030
– volume: 309
  start-page: 2228
  year: 2005
  end-page: 2232
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1117256
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2707
  year: 2003
  end-page: 2725
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Cellular and network mechanisms of slow oscillatory activity (<1 Hz) and wave propagations in a cortical network model
  publication-title: J. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00845.2002
– volume: 17
  start-page: 450
  year: 2016
  end-page: 461
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Integrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.44
– volume: 5
  start-page: 198ra105
  year: 2013
  end-page: 198ra105
  ident: CR9
  article-title: A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1032
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1042
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Event-related potentials (MMN and novelty P3) in permanent vegetative or minimally conscious states
  publication-title: Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.005
– volume: 3
  start-page: 537
  year: 2004
  end-page: 546
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol.
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00852-X
– volume: 17
  start-page: 272
  year: 2007
  end-page: 283
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Waking-sleep modulation of paroxysmal activities induced by partial cortical deafferentation
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhj145
– volume: 366
  start-page: 819
  year: 2012
  end-page: 826
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1102609
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2541
  year: 1990
  end-page: 2559
  ident: CR30
  article-title: Neuronal activities in brain-stem cholinergic nuclei related to tonic activation processes in thalamocortical systems
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02541.1990
– volume: 8
  start-page: 142
  year: 2015
  end-page: 149
  ident: CR27
  article-title: On the cerebral origin of EEG responses to TMS: insights from severe cortical lesions
  publication-title: Brain Stimul.
  doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.10.008
– volume: 71
  start-page: 531
  year: 2012
  end-page: 546
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Neuroanatomic connectivity of the human ascending arousal system critical to consciousness and its disorders
  publication-title: J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182588293
– volume: 6
  start-page: e26177
  year: 2017
  ident: CR17
  article-title: An inhibitory gate for state transition in cortex
  publication-title: eLife
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.26177
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1461
  year: 2001
  ident: 6871_CR36
  publication-title: Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.
  doi: 10.1053/apmr.2001.25137
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 6871_CR43
  publication-title: Trends Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.002
– volume: 78
  start-page: 68
  year: 2015
  ident: 6871_CR58
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24423
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2707
  year: 2003
  ident: 6871_CR15
  publication-title: J. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00845.2002
– volume: 29
  start-page: 8512
  year: 2009
  ident: 6871_CR52
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0754-09.2009
– volume: 89
  start-page: 151
  year: 2013
  ident: 6871_CR25
  publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.014
– volume: 36
  start-page: 4714
  year: 2015
  ident: 6871_CR11
  publication-title: Hum. Brain Mapp.
  doi: 10.1002/hbm.22948
– volume: 116
  start-page: 2005
  year: 2006
  ident: 6871_CR59
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI27021
– volume: 134
  start-page: 9
  year: 2004
  ident: 6871_CR73
  publication-title: J. Neurosci. Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
– volume: 86
  start-page: 8098
  year: 1989
  ident: 6871_CR31
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.8098
– volume: 135
  start-page: 1308
  year: 2012
  ident: 6871_CR26
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awr340
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1924
  year: 2001
  ident: 6871_CR13
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1924
– volume: 125
  start-page: 1210
  year: 2002
  ident: 6871_CR3
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awf131
– volume: 366
  start-page: 819
  year: 2012
  ident: 6871_CR65
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1102609
– volume: 17
  start-page: 450
  year: 2016
  ident: 6871_CR56
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.44
– volume: 3
  start-page: 121
  year: 2007
  ident: 6871_CR69
  publication-title: J. Clin. Sleep Med.
  doi: 10.5664/jcsm.26814
– volume: 2
  start-page: 236
  year: 2011
  ident: 6871_CR74
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00236
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2541
  year: 1990
  ident: 6871_CR30
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02541.1990
– volume: 27
  start-page: 41
  year: 2012
  ident: 6871_CR48
  publication-title: Funct. Neurol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: R994
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR68
  publication-title: Curr. Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.060
– volume: 119
  start-page: 1506
  year: 2008
  ident: 6871_CR47
  publication-title: Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.030
– volume: 1
  start-page: 455
  year: 1949
  ident: 6871_CR29
  publication-title: Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(49)90219-9
– volume: 20
  start-page: 185
  year: 1997
  ident: 6871_CR45
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.185
– volume: 6
  start-page: e22425
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR53
  publication-title: eLife
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.22425
– volume: 43
  start-page: 346
  year: 1977
  ident: 6871_CR35
  publication-title: Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(77)90258-9
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1027
  year: 2000
  ident: 6871_CR14
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/79848
– volume: 324
  start-page: 1084
  year: 2009
  ident: 6871_CR23
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1169626
– volume: 14
  start-page: 354
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR28
  publication-title: Neuroimage Clin.
  doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.002
– volume: 35
  start-page: 5442
  year: 2015
  ident: 6871_CR40
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3603-14.2015
– volume: 27
  start-page: 326
  year: 1977
  ident: 6871_CR34
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.27.4.326
– volume: 6
  start-page: 239
  year: 2012
  ident: 6871_CR50
  publication-title: Cogn. Neurodyn
  doi: 10.1007/s11571-011-9179-4
– volume: 17
  start-page: 400
  year: 2007
  ident: 6871_CR22
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhj157
– volume: 29
  start-page: 7513
  year: 2009
  ident: 6871_CR19
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6162-08.2009
– volume: 11
  start-page: 385
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR41
  publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00385
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3252
  year: 1993
  ident: 6871_CR12
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03252.1993
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1185
  year: 2000
  ident: 6871_CR20
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/10.12.1185
– volume: 13
  start-page: 9
  year: 2010
  ident: 6871_CR46
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nn.2445
– volume: 80
  start-page: 718
  year: 2016
  ident: 6871_CR7
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24779
– volume: 93
  start-page: 1671
  year: 2005
  ident: 6871_CR33
  publication-title: J. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00915.2004
– volume: 8
  start-page: 142
  year: 2015
  ident: 6871_CR27
  publication-title: Brain Stimul.
  doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.10.008
– volume: 61
  start-page: 233
  year: 1989
  ident: 6871_CR37
  publication-title: J. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.233
– volume: 17
  start-page: 272
  year: 2007
  ident: 6871_CR38
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhj145
– volume: 448
  start-page: 600
  year: 2007
  ident: 6871_CR62
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature06041
– volume: 37
  start-page: 9132
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR16
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1303-17.2017
– volume: 71
  start-page: 531
  year: 2012
  ident: 6871_CR32
  publication-title: J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182588293
– volume: 3
  start-page: 537
  year: 2004
  ident: 6871_CR2
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol.
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00852-X
– volume: 112
  start-page: 105
  year: 2015
  ident: 6871_CR10
  publication-title: Neuroimage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.056
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1019
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR66
  publication-title: Brain Inj.
  doi: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1300836
– volume: 384
  start-page: 514
  year: 2014
  ident: 6871_CR4
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60042-8
– volume: 106
  start-page: 101
  year: 1998
  ident: 6871_CR42
  publication-title: Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0013-4694(97)00111-9
– volume: 76
  start-page: 869
  year: 2014
  ident: 6871_CR72
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24283
– volume: 25
  start-page: 5248
  year: 2005
  ident: 6871_CR75
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0141-05.2005
– volume: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR51
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12033-y
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1112
  year: 2014
  ident: 6871_CR67
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000260
– volume: 355
  start-page: 1790
  year: 2000
  ident: 6871_CR61
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02271-6
– volume: 8
  year: 2010
  ident: 6871_CR1
  publication-title: BMC Med.
  doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-68
– volume: 85
  start-page: 2020
  year: 2004
  ident: 6871_CR21
  publication-title: Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.033
– volume: 5
  start-page: 198ra105
  year: 2013
  ident: 6871_CR9
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
– volume: 5
  start-page: e10281
  year: 2010
  ident: 6871_CR71
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010281
– volume: 94
  start-page: 993
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR18
  publication-title: Neuron
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.015
– volume: 29
  start-page: 7679
  year: 2009
  ident: 6871_CR54
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0445-09.2009
– volume: 72
  start-page: 335
  year: 2012
  ident: 6871_CR57
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.23635
– volume: 309
  start-page: 2228
  year: 2005
  ident: 6871_CR8
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1117256
– volume: 7
  start-page: 228
  year: 1997
  ident: 6871_CR55
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/7.3.228
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1032
  year: 2010
  ident: 6871_CR6
  publication-title: Clin. Neurophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.005
– volume: 137
  start-page: 2258
  year: 2014
  ident: 6871_CR49
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awu141
– volume: 104
  start-page: 8496
  year: 2007
  ident: 6871_CR70
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702495104
– volume: 15
  start-page: 283
  year: 2005
  ident: 6871_CR5
  publication-title: Neuropsychol. Rehabil.
  doi: 10.1080/09602010443000371
– volume: 6
  start-page: e26177
  year: 2017
  ident: 6871_CR17
  publication-title: eLife
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.26177
– volume: 28
  start-page: 2233
  year: 2018
  ident: 6871_CR64
  publication-title: Cereb. Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx122
– volume: 111
  start-page: 6473
  year: 2014
  ident: 6871_CR44
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1320969111
– volume: 34
  start-page: 5689
  year: 2014
  ident: 6871_CR39
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1156-13.2014
– volume: 9
  start-page: 940
  year: 2016
  ident: 6871_CR63
  publication-title: Brain Stimul.
  doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.008
– volume: 131
  start-page: 559
  year: 2008
  ident: 6871_CR60
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awm294
– volume: 89
  start-page: 252
  year: 2013
  ident: 6871_CR24
  publication-title: Int. J. Psychophysiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.017
SSID ssj0000391844
Score 2.5804336
Snippet Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory...
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) patients may retain intact portions of the thalamocortical system that are spontaneously active and reactive to sensory...
Many brain-injured patients retain large cortical islands that are intact, active and reactive but blocked in a state of low complexity, leading to...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
liege
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 4427
SubjectTerms 631/378
631/378/1385/519
631/378/1697/2601
692/617/375/1345
9/26
Brain
Brain - physiology
Brain injury
Cerebral cortex
Complexity
Consciousness
EEG
Electroencephalography
Head injuries
Human health sciences
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Magnetic fields
multidisciplinary
Neurologie
Neurology
Patients
Persistent Vegetative State - physiopathology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sciences de la santé humaine
Sensory stimuli
Sleep
Sleep - physiology
Sleep and wakefulness
Somatosensory cortex
Thalamus
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Wakefulness
Wakefulness - physiology
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  dbid: P5Z
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lj9MwELZgAYkL70dgQUbixkabOE5snxAgKg5oWQmQVlwsvwLVRklpmgLizzPjpF2Vx164pYltxZnxly8z7jeEPFUi1GVRuVR5aTB0w1Jb-TwtS2lyUfDMjer6b8XRkTw5UcdTwK2ftlVuMDECte8cxsgPAWK5KAXQ9-eLrylWjcLs6lRC4yK5hCoJuDCPy0_bGAuqn0vOp__KZIU87HlEhiyXWG1F5Gm-8z6Ksv1AUxtMWP-Nc_65dfK3_Gl8Lc2u_--EbpBrEyGlL0YPukkuhPYWuTKWqPxxm_x834SwSJv5aaDwoRoj3_TdbJaiQnLne-rn_XJYrKgzQx85PTWtp3GneviOP-ctBZJJLdaioF1NBxQYivty14F-M6ehHhrEW7oRT6CT1mt_h3ycvf7w6k06FWxIHRC9VSqsCE6xrLashtXtXZ5JZU0pQ-ChUigkU7rC56JWWV1YHzzjlQfIDbUXqBR3l-y1XRvuEwpmKphVngtTQ1-jTCYNswEAQ3CnRELyjdm0m9TMsahGo2NWvZB6NLUGU-toap0n5Nm2z2LU8ji39Uv0hm1L1OGOJ7rlZz0ta80cV8IAbXPG8MpV0mMlE1VUFmhWnoeEHERfgk52rtcsjhKPhwZGcdrCGKySGmg2r2RC9je-oics6fWZoyTkyfYyoACmdkwbuiG2KQG5gbAl5N7oodsbB5ICtJazhIgd392Z2e6Vdv4lKo1XGMkW8LAPNl5-dlv_fnIPzp_FQ3KV4QIEAsD4PtlbLYfwiFx26xU47OO4gn8BmeBNsQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Sleep-like cortical OFF-periods disrupt causality and complexity in the brain of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-018-06871-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30356042
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2124757114
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2125305021
https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/231468
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6200777
https://doaj.org/article/2c497a066caa46c68d8081936b01511e
Volume 9
WOSCitedRecordID wos000448104800016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Jj9MwFLZgAIkLYicwVEbixkQTO05sHxk0FUgwRCxS4WJ5i6gmSqtJU0D8eZ6dtExZL1yipF6UPL_l89LvIfRYcl8XeWlT6YQOSzc0NaUjaVEITXjOMjuw67_kJydiNpPVuVRf4UzYQA88CO6QWia5hsBotWalLYULuSJkXhoIZIT44H0B9ZybTEUfnEuYurDxXzJZLg47Fn1CRkTIs8JJSnYiUSTsB4DahK3q36HNXw9N_rRzGgPS9Dq6NiJJ_HT4ghvogm9voitDbsmvt9C3t433y7SZn3oMM8y4ZI1fT6dpoDZeuA67eXfWL1fY6r6LYBzr1uF4xNx_CY_zFgM6xCYkkcCLGveBGSgeqF17_Fmf-rpvgqPEG9YDPJK0drfR--nxu2fP0zHTQmoBoa1Sbri3kma1oTWYpbMkE9LoQnjPfCkDA0xhc0d4LbM6N847ykoHvtLXjgeKtztor120_h7CIOWcGukY1zW01VJnQlPjwdI5s5IniGykruxIQx6yYTQqbofnQg0jpWCkVBwpRRL0ZNtmOZBw_LX2URjMbc1AoB1_ALVSo1qpf6lVgg6iKkAjM1drGnuJ930DvVhloA9aCgX4mJUiQfsbjVGjE-gUoALGCw4zzgQ92haD-YY9Gd36RR_rFOByAWkl6O6gYNsXB3QBeJTRBPEd1dv5st2Sdv4pUoSXYQmag7APNkr647X-LLn7_0NyD9BVGqwM4jtl-2hvddb7h-iyXa9ArSfoIp_xeBUTdOno-KR6M4mmOwmnbiu4VsVHKKlevKo-fAdFpUWY
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFLbGAMEL90tggJHgiUVLHCe2HxDiVm1aKUgMqW_GsR2oFqWlaTom_hO_kWMn6VQue9sDb01jW7HznePP9sl3EHoimC3SJNOhMFy5rRsS5pmJwzTlKmYJjXSrrj9koxEfj8WHDfSz_xbGhVX2PtE7ajPVbo98B1wsZSkD-v5i9i10WaPc6WqfQqOFxb49PoIlW_187w2836eEDN4evN4Nu6wCoQY2sghZzqwWJCpyUgAEjY4jLnKVcmupzYRTO0l1YmJWiKhIcmMNoZkBv2ALw5ycGbR7Dp0HP85cCBkbs9WejlNb55R23-ZECd-pqfdEUcxddhcWh_Ha_OfTBAAtLt0B-d847p-hmr-d1_ppcHD1fxvAa-hKR7jxy9ZCrqMNW91AF9sUnMc30Y-PpbWzsJwcWgwLcb-zj98PBqFTgJ6aGptJPW9mC6xVU_s1C1aVwT4S3353l5MKA4nGucu1gacFbpyAko87Xlp8pA5t0ZRuPsG9OATutGzrW-jTmfT8NtqsppW9izDAIiG5MJSpAuoqoSKuSG7BITKqBQtQ3MNE6k6t3SUNKaWPGki4bKElAVrSQ0vGAXq2qjNrtUpOLf3KoW9V0umM-z-m8y-yc1uSaCqYAlqqlaKZzrhxmVpEkuVAI-PYBmjbYxcq5RO5JL4V_7spoRUtc2iDZFzCMoJmPEBbPTZl5ytreQLMAD1e3QYv546uVGWnjS-TwswEhDRAd1qLWD04kDCg7ZQEiK3ZylrP1u9Uk69eST1zO_UMBnu7t6qTx_r3yN07vReP0KXdg3dDOdwb7d9Hl4kzfiA7hG6hzcW8sQ_QBb1cAHgfeu-B0eeztrZf0yeq8g
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFLbGuIgX7pfAACPBE4uaOE5sPyAEjIppU6kESBMvxrEdqFYlpWk6Jv4Zv45jJ-lULnvbA29t41ix-53j79gn30HoiWC2SJNMh8Jw5bZuSJhnJg7TlKuYJTTSrbr-PhuN-MGBGG-gn_27MC6tsveJ3lGbSrs98gG4WMpSBvR9UHRpEeOd4YvZt9BVkHInrX05jRYie_b4CMK3-vnuDvzXTwkZvvnw-m3YVRgINTCTRchyZrUgUZGTAuBodBxxkauUW0ttJpzySaoTE7NCREWSG2sIzQz4CFsY5qTNoN9z6DyDGNMFfuP002p_xymvc0q793SihA9q6r1SFHNX6YXFYby2FvqSAUCRp-6w_G9898-0zd_Obv2SOLz6P0_mNXSlI-L4ZWs519GGLW-gi21pzuOb6Mf7qbWzcDo5tBgCdL_jj98Nh6FThq5Mjc2knjezBdaqqX0sg1VpsM_Qt9_d10mJgVzj3NXgwFWBGyes5PORlxYfqUMLc-LWGdyLRuBO47a-hT6eychvo82yKu1dhAEiCcmFoUwVcK8SKuKK5BYcJaNasADFPWSk7lTcXTGRqfTZBAmXLcwkwEx6mMk4QM9W98xaDZNTW79ySFy1dPrj_odq_kV27kwSTQVTQFe1UjTTGTeugotIshzoZRzbAG17HMNN-UQuie_Ff26m0IuWOfRBMi4hvKAZD9BWj1PZ-dBanoA0QI9Xl8H7uSMtVdqq8W1SWLGAqAboTmsdqwcHcgZ0npIAsTW7WRvZ-pVy8tUrrGduB5_BZG_3FnbyWP-euXunj-IRugRGJvd3R3v30WXi_ABwIEK30OZi3tgH6IJeLgC7D70jwejzWRvbL2Qcs-U
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sleep-like+cortical+OFF-periods+disrupt+causality+and+complexity+in+the+brain+of+unresponsive+wakefulness+syndrome+patients&rft.jtitle=Nature+communications&rft.au=M.+Rosanova&rft.au=M.+Fecchio&rft.au=S.+Casarotto&rft.au=S.+Sarasso&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.pub=Nature+Portfolio&rft.eissn=2041-1723&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=10&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41467-018-06871-1&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_2c497a066caa46c68d8081936b01511e
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon