Assessment of early occlusal caries pre- and post- sealant application-An imaging approach
Background and Objective Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de‐ or re‐mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have use...
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| Vydané v: | Lasers in surgery and medicine Ročník 46; číslo 6; s. 499 - 507 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.08.2014
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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| ISSN: | 0196-8092, 1096-9101, 1096-9101 |
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| Abstract | Background and Objective
Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de‐ or re‐mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS‐II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT‐images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS‐II).
Study Design/Materials and Methods
One hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS‐II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT‐based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT‐based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS‐II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4‐point histological analysis gold standard.
Results
OCT and ICDAS‐II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT‐based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%).
Conclusion
This study found that OCT‐based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non‐cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:499–507, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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| AbstractList | Background and Objective
Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de‐ or re‐mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS‐II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT‐images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS‐II).
Study Design/Materials and Methods
One hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS‐II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT‐based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT‐based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS‐II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4‐point histological analysis gold standard.
Results
OCT and ICDAS‐II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT‐based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%).
Conclusion
This study found that OCT‐based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non‐cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:499–507, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Background and Objective Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de- or re-mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT-images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS-II). Study Design/Materials and Methods One hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS-II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT-based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT-based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS-II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4-point histological analysis gold standard. Results OCT and ICDAS-II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT-based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%). Conclusion This study found that OCT-based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:499-507, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de- or re-mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT-images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS-II). One hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS-II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT-based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT-based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS-II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4-point histological analysis gold standard. OCT and ICDAS-II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT-based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%). This study found that OCT-based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants. Background and Objective Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de- or re-mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT-images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS-II). Study Design/Materials and Methods One hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS-II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT-based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT-based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS-II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4-point histological analysis gold standard. Results OCT and ICDAS-II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT-based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%). Conclusion This study found that OCT-based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:499-507, 2014. copyright 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de- or re-mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT-images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS-II).BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEClinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle alterations in enamel indicative of de- or re-mineralization, particularly under dental sealants. Although clinicians have used laser fluorescence (LF) to address this gap, this modality has demonstrated weak correlation with histology. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, but since it is based on visual assessment, it is of no use in areas beneath the most commonly used dental sealants which are opaque. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent assessment tool which has demonstrated great promise in detecting and quantifying caries, including areas beneath commonly used dental sealants and composites. However, OCT has not yet been widely integrated into clinical dental practice, perhaps because OCT imaging does not provide an easily accessible diagnostic outcome for clinicians. The objective of this ex vivo study was to use OCT-images of sound and carious occlusal surfaces in combination with a simple algorithm to compare the caries detection ability of OCT with tools clinicians may be more familiar with (LF and radiography), and with an established valid and reliable clinical assessment tool (ICDAS-II).One hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS-II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT-based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT-based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS-II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4-point histological analysis gold standard.STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODSOne hundred twenty extracted teeth with sound or naturally carious occlusal surfaces were imaged with OCT, LF, radiography, and examined clinically with the ICDAS-II. Teeth were randomized to one of two dental sealants recommended for use with LF. A novel simple algorithm was used to interpret OCT-based images. The accuracy of caries severity assessments of the OCT-based diagnosis, LF, ICDAS-II, and digital radiography were compared to the 4-point histological analysis gold standard.OCT and ICDAS-II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT-based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%).RESULTSOCT and ICDAS-II caries severity assessments demonstrated high sensitivity (94.0%; 92.3%) and specificity (85.0%; 83.3%), LF demonstrated low sensitivity (65.2%) but high specificity (97.6%), and digital radiography demonstrated low sensitivity (67.1%) with moderate specificity (79.5%) on unsealed occlusal surfaces. OCT-based caries severity assessments of sealed teeth demonstrated high specificity (97.6%), sensitivity (89.9%), excellent positive predictive value (98.6%), and negative predictive value (83.3%). Despite our use of LF recommended dental sealants, in the presence of sealants, LF assessment of caries severity demonstrated high sensitivity (95.1%), but extremely low specificity (10.3%), positive predictive value (68.8%), and negative predictive value (50.0%).This study found that OCT-based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants.CONCLUSIONThis study found that OCT-based imaging combined with a simple diagnostic algorithm accurately assessed the severity of natural early caries on occlusal surfaces in extracted teeth both in the absence and presence of dental sealant. The findings of this study support the clinical use of OCT imaging for assessment and monitoring progression of early non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces including areas under dental sealants. |
| Author | Benavides, Erika Gonzalez-Cabezas, Carlos Chen, Zhongping Holtzman, Jennifer S. Fontana, Margherita Wang, Alex Ballantine, Jami Wilder-Smith, Petra Calantog, Alden |
| AuthorAffiliation | School of Dentistry, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109(JB,MF,EB,CGC) Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine. Irvine, California 92617 School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles. Los Angeles, California 90095 (JSH) Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine. Irvine, California 92617 (AW,AC, PWS) Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine 92617 (ZC) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles. Los Angeles, California 90095 (JSH) – name: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine. Irvine, California 92617 (AW,AC, PWS) – name: School of Dentistry, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109(JB,MF,EB,CGC) – name: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine. Irvine, California 92617 – name: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine 92617 (ZC) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jennifer S. surname: Holtzman fullname: Holtzman, Jennifer S. email: Correspondence to: Dr. Jennifer Holtzman, DDS, MPH, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951668, 63-025, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668., jholtzman@dentistry.ucla.edu organization: School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, Los Angeles – sequence: 2 givenname: Jami surname: Ballantine fullname: Ballantine, Jami organization: School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor – sequence: 3 givenname: Margherita surname: Fontana fullname: Fontana, Margherita organization: School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor – sequence: 4 givenname: Alex surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Alex organization: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, California, 92617, Irvine – sequence: 5 givenname: Alden surname: Calantog fullname: Calantog, Alden organization: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, California, 92617, Irvine – sequence: 6 givenname: Erika surname: Benavides fullname: Benavides, Erika organization: School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor – sequence: 7 givenname: Carlos surname: Gonzalez-Cabezas fullname: Gonzalez-Cabezas, Carlos organization: School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor – sequence: 8 givenname: Zhongping surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Zhongping organization: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, 92617, Irvine, California – sequence: 9 givenname: Petra surname: Wilder-Smith fullname: Wilder-Smith, Petra organization: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, California, 92617, Irvine |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729412$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdent_2018_01_009 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_1351925 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jebdp_2020_101404 crossref_primary_10_3390_dj9030030 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2022_05_109 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pdpdt_2022_102732 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD013855 crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_7560645 crossref_primary_10_1002_lsm_22411 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD014545 crossref_primary_10_1002_lsm_22751 |
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| Copyright | 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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| References_xml | – reference: Lussi A. Comparison of different methods for the diagnosis of fissure caries without cavitation. Caries Res 1993; 27(5):409-416. – reference: Jones RS, Staninec M, Fried D. Imaging artificial caries under composite sealants and restorations. J Biomed Opt 2004; 9(6):1297-1304. – reference: Natsume Y, Nakashima S, Sadr A, Shimada Y, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Estimation of lesion progress in artificial root caries by swept source optical coherence tomography in comparison to transverse microradiography. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16(7):071408. – reference: Ekstrand KR, Ricketts DN, Kidd EA. Reproducibility and accuracy of three methods for assessment of demineralization depth of the occlusal surface: An in vitro examination. Caries Res 1997; 31(3):224-231. – reference: Mendes FM, Novaes TF, Matos R, Bittar DG, Piovesan C, Gimenez T, Imparato JC, Raggio DP, Braga MM. Radiographic and laser fluorescence methods have no benefits for detecting caries in primary teeth. Caries Res 2012; 46(6):536-543. – reference: Wilder-Smith P, Holtzman J, Epstein J, Le A. Optical diagnostics in the oral cavity: An overview. Oral Dis 2010; 16(8):717-728. – reference: Shi XQ, Welander U, Angmar-Mansson B. Occlusal caries detection with KaVo DIAGNOdent and radiography: An in vitro comparison. Caries Res 2000; 34(2):151-158. – reference: Sattler E, Kastle R, Welzel J. Optical coherence tomography in dermatology. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18(6):061224. – reference: Fried D, Xie J, Shafi S, Featherstone JD, Breunig TM, Le C. Imaging caries lesions and lesion progression with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2002; 7(4):618-627. – reference: Takamori K, Hokari N, Okumura Y, Watanabe S. Detection of occlusal caries under sealants by use of a laser fluorescence system. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001; 19(5):267-271. – reference: Tellez M, Gray S.L., Gray S, Lim S, Ismail AI. Sealants and dental caries: Dentists' perspectives on evidence-based recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 2011; 142(9):1033-1040. – reference: Jones RS, Darling CL, Featherstone JD, Fried D. Imaging artificial caries on the occlusal surfaces with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Caries Res 2006; 40(2):81-89. – reference: Holtzman JS, Osann K, Pharar J, Lee K, Ahn YC, Tucker T, Sabet S, Chen Z, Gukasyan R, Wilder-Smith P. Ability of optical coherence tomography to detect caries beneath commonly used dental sealants. Lasers Surg Med 2010; 42(8):752-759. – reference: Hariri I, Sadr A, Shimada Y, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Effects of structural orientation of enamel and dentine on light attenuation and local refractive index: An optical coherence tomography study. J Dent 2012; 40(5):387-396. – reference: Zandona AG, Al-Shiha S, Eggertsson H, Eckert G. Student versus faculty performance using a new visual criteria for the detection of caries on occlusal surfaces: An in vitro examination with histological validation. Oper Dent 2009; 34(5):598-604. – reference: Ishibashi K, Ozawa N, Tagami J, Sumi Y. Swept-source optical coherence tomography as a new tool to evaluate defects of resin-based composite restorations. J Dent 2011; 39(8):543-548. – reference: Nakagawa H, Sadr A, Shimada Y, Tagami J, Sumi, Y. Validation of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for the diagnosis of smooth surface caries in vitro. J Dent 2013; 41(1):80-89. – reference: Sowa MG, Popescu DP, Friesen JR, Hewko MD, Choo-Smith LP. A comparison of methods using optical coherence tomography to detect demineralized regions in teeth. J Biophotonics 2011; 4(11-12):814-823. – reference: Lussi A, Hellwig E. Performance of a new laser fluorescence device for the detection of occlusal caries in vitro. 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Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to... Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to detect the subtle... Background and Objective Clinicians have difficulty assessing and monitoring early occlusal caries. Traditional clinical exam and radiographs are unable to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms dental caries Dental Caries - diagnosis Dental Caries - prevention & control dental decay diagnostic imaging Humans In Vitro Techniques oral diagnosis Pit and Fissure Sealants Predictive Value of Tests Radiography, Dental, Digital Sensitivity and Specificity Tomography, Optical Coherence tooth demineralization |
| Title | Assessment of early occlusal caries pre- and post- sealant application-An imaging approach |
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