The cumulative burden of surviving childhood cancer: an initial report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE)
Survivors of childhood cancer develop early and severe chronic health conditions (CHCs). A quantitative landscape of morbidity of survivors, however, has not been described. We aimed to describe the cumulative burden of curative cancer therapy in a clinically assessed ageing population of long-term...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Lancet (British edition) Jg. 390; H. 10112; S. 2569 - 2582 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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England
Elsevier Ltd
09.12.2017
Elsevier Limited |
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| ISSN: | 0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X |
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| Abstract | Survivors of childhood cancer develop early and severe chronic health conditions (CHCs). A quantitative landscape of morbidity of survivors, however, has not been described. We aimed to describe the cumulative burden of curative cancer therapy in a clinically assessed ageing population of long-term survivors of childhood cancer.
The St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) retrospectively collected data on CHCs in all patients treated for childhood cancer at the St Jude Children's Research Hospital who survived 10 years or longer from initial diagnosis and were 18 years or older as of June 30, 2015. Age-matched and sex-frequency-matched community controls were used for comparison. 21 treatment exposure variables were included in the analysis, with data abstracted from medical records. 168 CHCs for all participants were graded for severity using a modified Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events. Multiple imputation with predictive mean matching was used for missing occurrences and grades of CHCs in the survivors who were not clinically evaluable. Mean cumulative count was used for descriptive cumulative burden analysis and marked-point-process regression was used for inferential cumulative burden analysis.
Of 5522 patients treated for childhood cancer at St Jude Children's Research Hospital who had complete records, survived 10 years or longer, and were 18 years or older at time of study, 3010 (54·5%) were alive, had enrolled, and had had prospective clinical assessment. 2512 (45·5%) of the 5522 patients were not clinically evaluable. The cumulative incidence of CHCs at age 50 years was 99·9% (95% CI 99·9–99·9) for grade 1–5 CHCs and 96·0% (95% CI 95·3–96·8%) for grade 3–5 CHCs. By age 50 years, a survivor had experienced, on average, 17·1 (95% CI 16·2–18·1) CHCs of any grade, of which 4·7 (4·6–4·9) were CHCs of grade 3–5. The cumulative burden in matched community controls of grade 1–5 CHCs was 9·2 (95% CI 7·9–10·6; p<0·0001 vs total study population) and of grade 3–5 CHCs was 2·3 (1·9–2·7, p<0·0001 vs total study population). Second neoplasms, spinal disorders, and pulmonary disease were major contributors to the excess total cumulative burden. Notable heterogeneity in the distribution of CHC burden in survivors with differing primary cancer diagnoses was observed. The cumulative burden of grade 1–5 CHCs at age 50 years was highest in survivors of CNS malignancies (24·2 [95% CI 20·9–27·5]) and lowest in survivors of germ cell tumours (14·0 [11·5–16·6]). Multivariable analyses showed that older age at diagnosis, treatment era, and higher doses of brain and chest radiation are significantly associated with a greater cumulative burden and severity of CHCs.
The burden of CHCs in survivors of childhood cancer is substantial and highly variable. Our assessment of total cumulative burden in survivors of paediatric cancer, with detailed characterisation of long-term CHCs, provide data to better inform future clinical guidelines, research investigations, and health services planning for this vulnerable, medically complex population.
The US National Cancer Institute, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. |
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| AbstractList | Survivors of childhood cancer develop early and severe chronic health conditions (CHCs). A quantitative landscape of morbidity of survivors, however, has not been described. We aimed to describe the cumulative burden of curative cancer therapy in a clinically assessed ageing population of long-term survivors of childhood cancer.
The St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) retrospectively collected data on CHCs in all patients treated for childhood cancer at the St Jude Children's Research Hospital who survived 10 years or longer from initial diagnosis and were 18 years or older as of June 30, 2015. Age-matched and sex-frequency-matched community controls were used for comparison. 21 treatment exposure variables were included in the analysis, with data abstracted from medical records. 168 CHCs for all participants were graded for severity using a modified Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events. Multiple imputation with predictive mean matching was used for missing occurrences and grades of CHCs in the survivors who were not clinically evaluable. Mean cumulative count was used for descriptive cumulative burden analysis and marked-point-process regression was used for inferential cumulative burden analysis.
Of 5522 patients treated for childhood cancer at St Jude Children's Research Hospital who had complete records, survived 10 years or longer, and were 18 years or older at time of study, 3010 (54·5%) were alive, had enrolled, and had had prospective clinical assessment. 2512 (45·5%) of the 5522 patients were not clinically evaluable. The cumulative incidence of CHCs at age 50 years was 99·9% (95% CI 99·9–99·9) for grade 1–5 CHCs and 96·0% (95% CI 95·3–96·8%) for grade 3–5 CHCs. By age 50 years, a survivor had experienced, on average, 17·1 (95% CI 16·2–18·1) CHCs of any grade, of which 4·7 (4·6–4·9) were CHCs of grade 3–5. The cumulative burden in matched community controls of grade 1–5 CHCs was 9·2 (95% CI 7·9–10·6; p<0·0001 vs total study population) and of grade 3–5 CHCs was 2·3 (1·9–2·7, p<0·0001 vs total study population). Second neoplasms, spinal disorders, and pulmonary disease were major contributors to the excess total cumulative burden. Notable heterogeneity in the distribution of CHC burden in survivors with differing primary cancer diagnoses was observed. The cumulative burden of grade 1–5 CHCs at age 50 years was highest in survivors of CNS malignancies (24·2 [95% CI 20·9–27·5]) and lowest in survivors of germ cell tumours (14·0 [11·5–16·6]). Multivariable analyses showed that older age at diagnosis, treatment era, and higher doses of brain and chest radiation are significantly associated with a greater cumulative burden and severity of CHCs.
The burden of CHCs in survivors of childhood cancer is substantial and highly variable. Our assessment of total cumulative burden in survivors of paediatric cancer, with detailed characterisation of long-term CHCs, provide data to better inform future clinical guidelines, research investigations, and health services planning for this vulnerable, medically complex population.
The US National Cancer Institute, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. With 10-year survival for paediatric cancer now more than 80%, and late mortality decreasing in long-term survivors, the population of survivors of paediatric cancer is ever increasing.1-4 Incidence and prevalence data, mostly generated by cohort studies, have documented that survivors have a lifelong increased risk of morbidity associated with their curative therapies.5-10 However, the true price of cure is reflected by the cumulative burden of disease, or total disease morbidity, after taking into account the occurrences and severities of multiple medical conditions and recurrent events. Survivors of childhood cancer develop early and severe chronic health conditions (CHCs). A quantitative landscape of morbidity of survivors, however, has not been described. We aimed to describe the cumulative burden of curative cancer therapy in a clinically assessed ageing population of long-term survivors of childhood cancer.BACKGROUNDSurvivors of childhood cancer develop early and severe chronic health conditions (CHCs). A quantitative landscape of morbidity of survivors, however, has not been described. We aimed to describe the cumulative burden of curative cancer therapy in a clinically assessed ageing population of long-term survivors of childhood cancer.The St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) retrospectively collected data on CHCs in all patients treated for childhood cancer at the St Jude Children's Research Hospital who survived 10 years or longer from initial diagnosis and were 18 years or older as of June 30, 2015. Age-matched and sex-frequency-matched community controls were used for comparison. 21 treatment exposure variables were included in the analysis, with data abstracted from medical records. 168 CHCs for all participants were graded for severity using a modified Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events. Multiple imputation with predictive mean matching was used for missing occurrences and grades of CHCs in the survivors who were not clinically evaluable. Mean cumulative count was used for descriptive cumulative burden analysis and marked-point-process regression was used for inferential cumulative burden analysis.METHODSThe St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) retrospectively collected data on CHCs in all patients treated for childhood cancer at the St Jude Children's Research Hospital who survived 10 years or longer from initial diagnosis and were 18 years or older as of June 30, 2015. Age-matched and sex-frequency-matched community controls were used for comparison. 21 treatment exposure variables were included in the analysis, with data abstracted from medical records. 168 CHCs for all participants were graded for severity using a modified Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events. Multiple imputation with predictive mean matching was used for missing occurrences and grades of CHCs in the survivors who were not clinically evaluable. Mean cumulative count was used for descriptive cumulative burden analysis and marked-point-process regression was used for inferential cumulative burden analysis.Of 5522 patients treated for childhood cancer at St Jude Children's Research Hospital who had complete records, survived 10 years or longer, and were 18 years or older at time of study, 3010 (54·5%) were alive, had enrolled, and had had prospective clinical assessment. 2512 (45·5%) of the 5522 patients were not clinically evaluable. The cumulative incidence of CHCs at age 50 years was 99·9% (95% CI 99·9-99·9) for grade 1-5 CHCs and 96·0% (95% CI 95·3-96·8%) for grade 3-5 CHCs. By age 50 years, a survivor had experienced, on average, 17·1 (95% CI 16·2-18·1) CHCs of any grade, of which 4·7 (4·6-4·9) were CHCs of grade 3-5. The cumulative burden in matched community controls of grade 1-5 CHCs was 9·2 (95% CI 7·9-10·6; p<0·0001 vs total study population) and of grade 3-5 CHCs was 2·3 (1·9-2·7, p<0·0001 vs total study population). Second neoplasms, spinal disorders, and pulmonary disease were major contributors to the excess total cumulative burden. Notable heterogeneity in the distribution of CHC burden in survivors with differing primary cancer diagnoses was observed. The cumulative burden of grade 1-5 CHCs at age 50 years was highest in survivors of CNS malignancies (24·2 [95% CI 20·9-27·5]) and lowest in survivors of germ cell tumours (14·0 [11·5-16·6]). Multivariable analyses showed that older age at diagnosis, treatment era, and higher doses of brain and chest radiation are significantly associated with a greater cumulative burden and severity of CHCs.FINDINGSOf 5522 patients treated for childhood cancer at St Jude Children's Research Hospital who had complete records, survived 10 years or longer, and were 18 years or older at time of study, 3010 (54·5%) were alive, had enrolled, and had had prospective clinical assessment. 2512 (45·5%) of the 5522 patients were not clinically evaluable. The cumulative incidence of CHCs at age 50 years was 99·9% (95% CI 99·9-99·9) for grade 1-5 CHCs and 96·0% (95% CI 95·3-96·8%) for grade 3-5 CHCs. By age 50 years, a survivor had experienced, on average, 17·1 (95% CI 16·2-18·1) CHCs of any grade, of which 4·7 (4·6-4·9) were CHCs of grade 3-5. The cumulative burden in matched community controls of grade 1-5 CHCs was 9·2 (95% CI 7·9-10·6; p<0·0001 vs total study population) and of grade 3-5 CHCs was 2·3 (1·9-2·7, p<0·0001 vs total study population). Second neoplasms, spinal disorders, and pulmonary disease were major contributors to the excess total cumulative burden. Notable heterogeneity in the distribution of CHC burden in survivors with differing primary cancer diagnoses was observed. The cumulative burden of grade 1-5 CHCs at age 50 years was highest in survivors of CNS malignancies (24·2 [95% CI 20·9-27·5]) and lowest in survivors of germ cell tumours (14·0 [11·5-16·6]). Multivariable analyses showed that older age at diagnosis, treatment era, and higher doses of brain and chest radiation are significantly associated with a greater cumulative burden and severity of CHCs.The burden of CHCs in survivors of childhood cancer is substantial and highly variable. Our assessment of total cumulative burden in survivors of paediatric cancer, with detailed characterisation of long-term CHCs, provide data to better inform future clinical guidelines, research investigations, and health services planning for this vulnerable, medically complex population.INTERPRETATIONThe burden of CHCs in survivors of childhood cancer is substantial and highly variable. Our assessment of total cumulative burden in survivors of paediatric cancer, with detailed characterisation of long-term CHCs, provide data to better inform future clinical guidelines, research investigations, and health services planning for this vulnerable, medically complex population.The US National Cancer Institute, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities.FUNDINGThe US National Cancer Institute, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. |
| Author | Shelton, Kyla Hudson, Melissa M Yeo, Frederick Bishop, Michael W Joshi, Vijaya Chemaitilly, Wassim Brinkman, Tara M Srivastava, Deo K Green, Daniel M Folse, Timothy Bhakta, Nickhill Baassiri, Malek Ehrhardt, Matthew J Robison, Leslie L Caron, Eric Ness, Kirsten K Khan, Raja B Yasui, Yutaka Liu, Qi Li, Zhenghong Mulrooney, Daniel A Krull, Kevin R Bass, Johnnie Huang, Sujuan Lu, Lu Howell, Carrie Lanctot, Jennifer Eissa, Hesham Armstrong, Gregory T |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA 8 Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 2 Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 4 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 7 Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 5 Rehabilitation Services, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 9 Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA 1 Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 7 Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 2 Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 4 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada – name: 9 Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 8 Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 1 Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA – name: 5 Rehabilitation Services, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nickhill surname: Bhakta fullname: Bhakta, Nickhill email: nickhill.bhakta@stjude.org organization: Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Qi surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Qi organization: School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Kirsten K surname: Ness fullname: Ness, Kirsten K organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Malek surname: Baassiri fullname: Baassiri, Malek organization: Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Hesham surname: Eissa fullname: Eissa, Hesham organization: Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Frederick surname: Yeo fullname: Yeo, Frederick organization: Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Wassim surname: Chemaitilly fullname: Chemaitilly, Wassim organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Matthew J surname: Ehrhardt fullname: Ehrhardt, Matthew J organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Johnnie surname: Bass fullname: Bass, Johnnie organization: Rehabilitation Services, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Michael W surname: Bishop fullname: Bishop, Michael W organization: Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Kyla surname: Shelton fullname: Shelton, Kyla organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Lu surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Lu organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Sujuan surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Sujuan organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 14 givenname: Zhenghong surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhenghong organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: Eric surname: Caron fullname: Caron, Eric organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 16 givenname: Jennifer surname: Lanctot fullname: Lanctot, Jennifer organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 17 givenname: Carrie surname: Howell fullname: Howell, Carrie organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 18 givenname: Timothy surname: Folse fullname: Folse, Timothy organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 19 givenname: Vijaya surname: Joshi fullname: Joshi, Vijaya organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 20 givenname: Daniel M surname: Green fullname: Green, Daniel M organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 21 givenname: Daniel A surname: Mulrooney fullname: Mulrooney, Daniel A organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 22 givenname: Gregory T surname: Armstrong fullname: Armstrong, Gregory T organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 23 givenname: Kevin R surname: Krull fullname: Krull, Kevin R organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 24 givenname: Tara M surname: Brinkman fullname: Brinkman, Tara M organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 25 givenname: Raja B surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Raja B organization: Department of Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 26 givenname: Deo K surname: Srivastava fullname: Srivastava, Deo K organization: Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 27 givenname: Melissa M surname: Hudson fullname: Hudson, Melissa M organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 28 givenname: Yutaka surname: Yasui fullname: Yasui, Yutaka organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA – sequence: 29 givenname: Leslie L surname: Robison fullname: Robison, Leslie L organization: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28890157$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Survivors of childhood cancer develop early and severe chronic health conditions (CHCs). A quantitative landscape of morbidity of survivors, however, has not... With 10-year survival for paediatric cancer now more than 80%, and late mortality decreasing in long-term survivors, the population of survivors of paediatric... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Age Factors Cancer Cancer Survivors - statistics & numerical data Cancer therapies Chemotherapy Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Childrens health Chronic illnesses Cohort analysis Cost of Illness Female Health risk assessment Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Medical records Middle Aged Morbidity Mortality Neoplasms - complications Neoplasms - mortality Pediatrics Retrospective Studies Side effects Survival Analysis Time Factors Young Adult |
| Title | The cumulative burden of surviving childhood cancer: an initial report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) |
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