Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several national governments have applied lockdown restrictions to reduce the infection rate. Here we perform a massive analysis on near-real-time Italian mobility data provided by Facebook to investigate how lockdown strategies affect...

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Vydáno v:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 117; číslo 27; s. 15530
Hlavní autoři: Bonaccorsi, Giovanni, Pierri, Francesco, Cinelli, Matteo, Flori, Andrea, Galeazzi, Alessandro, Porcelli, Francesco, Schmidt, Ana Lucia, Valensise, Carlo Michele, Scala, Antonio, Quattrociocchi, Walter, Pammolli, Fabio
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 07.07.2020
Témata:
Coronavirus Infections - economics
COVID-19
Humans
Italy
Pandemics - economics
Pneumonia, Viral - economics
Quarantine - economics
Quarantine - statistics & numerical data
Socioeconomic Factors
Travel - economics
Travel - statistics & numerical data
Italy
COVID-19
economic segregation
human mobility
national lockdown
ISSN:1091-6490, 1091-6490
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Shrnutí:In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several national governments have applied lockdown restrictions to reduce the infection rate. Here we perform a massive analysis on near-real-time Italian mobility data provided by Facebook to investigate how lockdown strategies affect economic conditions of individuals and local governments. We model the change in mobility as an exogenous shock similar to a natural disaster. We identify two ways through which mobility restrictions affect Italian citizens. First, we find that the impact of lockdown is stronger in municipalities with higher fiscal capacity. Second, we find evidence of a segregation effect, since mobility contraction is stronger in municipalities in which inequality is higher and for those where individuals have lower income per capita. Our results highlight both the social costs of lockdown and a challenge of unprecedented intensity: On the one hand, the crisis is inducing a sharp reduction of fiscal revenues for both national and local governments; on the other hand, a significant fiscal effort is needed to sustain the most fragile individuals and to mitigate the increase in poverty and inequality induced by the lockdown.
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ISSN:1091-6490
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2007658117