Entomological survey of sibling species in the Anopheles funestus group in Tanzania confirms the role of Anopheles parensis as a secondary malaria vector

Background Malaria transmission in Tanzania is driven by mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus group. The latter includes An . funestus s.s., an anthropophilic vector, which is now strongly resistant to public health insecticides, and several sibling species, which remai...

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Vydáno v:	Parasites & vectors Ročník 17; číslo 1; s. 261
Hlavní autoři:	Mapua, Salum Abdallah, Samb, Badara, Nambunga, Ismail Hassan, Mkandawile, Gustav, Bwanaly, Hamis, Kaindoa, Emmanuel Wilson, Odero, Joel Ouma, Masalu, John Paliga, Kahamba, Najat Feruz, Hape, Emmanuel Elirehema, Govella, Nicodem James, Okumu, Fredros Oketch, Tripet, Frederic
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 17.06.2024 BioMed Central Ltd BMC
Témata:	Animals Anopheles Anopheles - classification Anopheles - genetics Anopheles - parasitology Anopheles - physiology Anopheles funestus Anopheles gambiae Antimalarials Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Care and treatment Control Diagnosis disease control DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics Dosage and administration Entomology Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Female Humans Identification and classification Infectious Diseases insect surveys Insecticides internal transcribed spacers Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Malaria - transmission mosquito vectors Mosquito Vectors - classification Mosquito Vectors - genetics Mosquito Vectors - parasitology Mosquito Vectors - physiology Parasitology Plasmodium Plasmodium - classification Plasmodium - genetics Plasmodium - isolation & purification Plasmodium falciparum Polymerase Chain Reaction public health ribosomal DNA Risk factors RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics sibling species species diversity Surveys Tanzania Tanzania - epidemiology Tropical Medicine vectorial capacity Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science Virology Tanzania Malaria Tanzania Plasmodium Anopheles funestus
ISSN:	1756-3305, 1756-3305
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Shrnutí:	Background Malaria transmission in Tanzania is driven by mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus group. The latter includes An . funestus s.s., an anthropophilic vector, which is now strongly resistant to public health insecticides, and several sibling species, which remain largely understudied despite their potential as secondary vectors. This paper provides the initial results of a cross-country study of the species composition, distribution and malaria transmission potential of members of the Anopheles funestus group in Tanzania. Methods Mosquitoes were collected inside homes in 12 regions across Tanzania between 2018 and 2022 using Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and Prokopack aspirators. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the noncoding internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) were used to identify sibling species in the An . funestus group and presence of Plasmodium infections, respectively. Where DNA fragments failed to amplify during PCR, we sequenced the ITS2 region to identify any polymorphisms. Results The following sibling species of the An . funestus group were found across Tanzania: An . funestus s.s. (50.3%), An . parensis (11.4%), An . rivulorum (1.1%), An . leesoni (0.3%). Sequencing of the ITS2 region in the nonamplified samples showed that polymorphisms at the priming sites of standard species-specific primers obstructed PCR amplification, although the ITS2 sequences closely matched those of An . funestus s.s., barring these polymorphisms. Of the 914 samples tested for Plasmodium infections, 11 An . funestus s.s. (1.2%), and 2 An . parensis (0.2%) individuals were confirmed positive for P . falciparum . The highest malaria transmission intensities [entomological inoculation rate (EIR)] contributed by the Funestus group were in the north-western region [108.3 infectious bites/person/year (ib/p/y)] and the south-eastern region (72.2 ib/p/y). Conclusions Whereas An . funestus s.s. is the dominant malaria vector in the Funestus group in Tanzania, this survey confirms the occurrence of Plasmodium -infected An . parensis , an observation previously made in at least two other occasions in the country. The findings indicate the need to better understand the ecology and vectorial capacity of this and other secondary malaria vectors in the region to improve malaria control. Graphical Abstract
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1756-3305 1756-3305
DOI:	10.1186/s13071-024-06348-9