Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including t...

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Published in:Journal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 231 - 51
Main Authors: Du, Shuang, Guan, Yucheng, Xie, Aihua, Yan, Zhao, Gao, Sijia, Li, Weirong, Rao, Lang, Chen, Xiaojia, Chen, Tongkai
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 20.07.2023
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Advanced local therapies from nano-engineered implants and biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Biopsy
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Cell organelles
Cells
Chemical properties
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Clinical challenges
Drug delivery
Drug delivery systems
Drug loading
Drugs
Extracellular vesicles
Health aspects
Kinases
Lipids
Molecular Medicine
Molecular targeted therapy
Nanotechnology
Neurodegenerative diseases
Pharmaceutical research
Pharmacology
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Surface modification
Targeted therapy
Vehicles
Vesicles
China
Extracellular vesicles
Surface modification
Drug loading
Neurodegenerative diseases
Targeted therapy
Clinical challenges
ISSN:1477-3155, 1477-3155
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, natural blood – brain barrier penetration, and capacity for gene delivery. This review first introduces the classification of EVs and then discusses several currently popular methods for isolating and purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, and the functionalization of EVs as carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues for the development of EVs-based therapeutic strategies in different fields of medicine. Finally, it highlights some challenges and future perspectives with regard to the clinical application of EVs. Graphical Abstract Highlights Various current techniques for isolating extracellular vesicles are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. An overview of the strategies used for the modification of extracellular vesicles and their application as delivery systems or therapeutic agents in different diseases is provided. Several challenges in the clinical application of extracellular vesicles-based nanoplatforms are discussed, along with solutions for their implementation as a promising therapeutic tool.
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ISSN:1477-3155
1477-3155
DOI:10.1186/s12951-023-01973-5