Direct cell reprogramming: approaches, mechanisms and progress

The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and cell fate determination. Direct reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation) refers to cell fate conversion with...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology Jg. 22; H. 6; S. 410 - 424
Hauptverfasser: Wang, Haofei, Yang, Yuchen, Liu, Jiandong, Qian, Li
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:
631/532
631/532/2435
Animals
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cancer Research
Cardiomyocytes
Cell Biology
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Cell fate
Cell metabolism
Cell research
Cell Transdifferentiation - genetics
Cell Transdifferentiation - physiology
Cellular Reprogramming - genetics
Cellular Reprogramming - physiology
Developmental Biology
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Epigenetics
Fibroblasts
Genetic aspects
Humans
Life Sciences
Maturation
Medicine
Metabolism
Methods
Molecular modelling
Non-coding RNA
Pluripotency
Review Article
Somatic cells
Stem Cells
Therapeutic applications
Transcription factors
Transdifferentiation
Translation
United States
ISSN:1471-0072, 1471-0080, 1471-0080
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and cell fate determination. Direct reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation) refers to cell fate conversion without transitioning through an intermediary pluripotent state. Given that the number of cell types that can be generated by direct reprogramming is rapidly increasing, it has become a promising strategy to produce functional cells for therapeutic purposes. This Review discusses the evolution of direct reprogramming from a transcription factor-based method to a small-molecule-driven approach, the recent progress in enhancing reprogrammed cell maturation, and the challenges associated with in vivo direct reprogramming for translational applications. It also describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming, including the role of transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, non-coding RNAs, and the function of metabolic reprogramming, and highlights novel insights gained from single-cell omics studies. Direct reprogramming converts cells from one lineage into cells of another without going through an intermediary pluripotent state. This Review describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming as well as the progress in improving its efficiency and the maturation of reprogrammed cells, and the challenges associated with its translational applications.
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The authors contributed equally to all aspects of the article.
Author contributions
ISSN:1471-0072
1471-0080
1471-0080
DOI:10.1038/s41580-021-00335-z