Intimate partner violence against women in Nigeria: a multilevel study investigating the effect of women’s status and community norms
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating t...
Saved in:
| Published in: | BMC women's health Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 136 - 17 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
BioMed Central
09.08.2018
BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1472-6874, 1472-6874 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women’s status and community-level norms among men.
Methods
A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported.
Results
Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32–0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26–2.83).
Conclusions
Besides women’s status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women’s status. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women’s status and community-level norms among men. Methods A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. Results Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32–0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26–2.83). Conclusions Besides women’s status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women’s status. Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men.BACKGROUNDIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men.A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported.METHODSA cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported.Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83).RESULTSAlmost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83).Besides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status.CONCLUSIONSBesides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status. Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men. A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83). Besides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status. BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. RESULTS: Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83). CONCLUSIONS: Besides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status. Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women’s status and community-level norms among men. Methods A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. Results Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32–0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26–2.83). Conclusions Besides women’s status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women’s status. Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men. Methods A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. Results Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83). Conclusions Besides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status. Keywords: Intimate partner violence, women's status, Community norms, Multilevel analysis, Nigeria Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women's status and community-level norms among men. A cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported. Almost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26-2.83). Besides women's status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women's status. BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women. The ecological framework portrays intimate partner violence as a multifaceted phenomenon, demonstrating the interplay of factors at different levels: individual, community, and the larger society. The present study examined the effect of individual- and community-level factors on IPV in Nigeria, with a focus on women’s status and community-level norms among men.MethodsA cross-sectional study based on the latest Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (2013) was conducted involving 20,802 ever-partnered women aged 15–49 years. Several multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to assess the association of individual- and community-level factors with IPV. Both measures of association (fixed effect) and measures of variations (random effect) were reported.ResultsAlmost one in four women in Nigeria reported having ever experienced intimate partner violence. Having adjusted for other relevant covariates, higher women's status reduced the odds of IPV (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32–0.71). However, community norms among men that justified IPV against women modified the observed protective effect of higher women's status against IPV and reversed the odds (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.26–2.83).ConclusionsBesides women’s status, community norms towards IPV are an important factor for the occurrence of IPV. Thus, addressing intimate partner violence against women calls for community-wide approaches aimed at changing norms among men alongside improving women’s status. |
| ArticleNumber | 136 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Benebo, Faith Owunari Schumann, Barbara Vaezghasemi, Masoud |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Faith Owunari orcidid: 0000-0003-2729-7417 surname: Benebo fullname: Benebo, Faith Owunari email: faithlinkserve@gmail.com organization: Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University – sequence: 2 givenname: Barbara surname: Schumann fullname: Schumann, Barbara organization: Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University – sequence: 3 givenname: Masoud surname: Vaezghasemi fullname: Vaezghasemi, Masoud organization: Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30092785$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150594$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Umeå universitet) |
| BookMark | eNp9ks1u1DAUhSNURH_gAdggS2zYpNiO7dgskEblr1IFG2BreZzr1FVil9iZqjt2PAOvx5Pg6bS0UwHKIlbud451bs5-tRNigKp6SvAhIVK8TIQqzGtMZI0FlXX7oNojrKW1kC3buXPerfZTOsOYtJK3j6rdBmNFy3mv-nEcsh9NBnRuphxgQisfBwgWkOmNDymjizhCQD6gj76HyZtXyKBxHrIfYAUDSnnuLst4BSn73mQfepRPAYFzYDOKbmPw6_vPVFiT54RM6JCN4zgHny9RiNOYHlcPnRkSPLl-H1Rf3r39fPShPvn0_vhocVJbwUiuhcOcEqAAijoMHRN2aZZSdY41IIThljDWmTKVykrcNJIDNErh1jYNc9AcVMcb3y6aM30-lezTpY7G66sPcep12YO3A2jTmYYqYXlLG8bAynbpCDcttU5aSrviVW-80gWcz8sttzf-6-LKbR5nTTjmihX-9YYv8AidhZAnM2zJtifBn-o-rrTAkgtBisGLa4MpfpvLvvXok4VhMAHinDTFsuWKMKIK-vweehbnKZTVFkphppQg9JbqTQnsg4vlXrs21QvOhZKi4Wuvw79Q5elg9LZU0pUqbAue3Q36J-FN7QrQbgA7xZQmcNr6Ug0f17n9oAnW64LrTcF1KbheF1y3RUnuKW_M_6eh1_-psKF0-HYX_xb9BrH3D7M |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6694890 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_022_01823_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fsoc_2025_1514917 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2020_108098 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2023_000633 crossref_primary_10_1177_17488958221128933 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0310169 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_98049_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_10926771_2022_2088322 crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440231221329 crossref_primary_10_1177_00332941241265618 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2024_117513 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0021932022000463 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605211043575 crossref_primary_10_1080_09589236_2022_2129603 crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440241285555 crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440241305648 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_24123_y crossref_primary_10_1093_wber_lhac022 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605241265447 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_023_02252_z crossref_primary_10_1111_add_15496 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12978_021_01077_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_020_0892_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_025_03934_6 crossref_primary_10_1163_15691330_12341541 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_022_02143_9 crossref_primary_10_4102_HTS_v81i1_10826 crossref_primary_10_1177_15248380211013141 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_132413_4 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_132413_3 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_132413_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_021_01421_2 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_132413_1 crossref_primary_10_1177_02697580231207652 crossref_primary_10_1080_17482631_2022_2128263 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2021_2011944 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_132413_5 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgph_0004603 crossref_primary_10_30621_jbachs_1083628 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12978_022_01431_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_23311886_2022_2102299 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2023_000425 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12546_024_09357_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph181910138 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10896_020_00198_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_023_02179_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13006_021_00361_9 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_051626 crossref_primary_10_1215_00703370_9115955 crossref_primary_10_1057_s41599_025_05416_4 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0239855 crossref_primary_10_1080_15426432_2024_2418951 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0291913 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_021_11625_8 crossref_primary_10_1177_10778012221132299 crossref_primary_10_52589_AJSSHR_ZKHPX6PT crossref_primary_10_1177_0886260519898443 crossref_primary_10_1080_10911359_2025_2523900 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0240674 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605211056728 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2020_003531 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605221120897 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_22385_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_024_02996_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11115_024_00759_z crossref_primary_10_4102_phcfm_v13i1_2435 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_7827234 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0230508 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0268462 crossref_primary_10_4102_phcfm_v14i1_3147 crossref_primary_10_3390_rel16030359 crossref_primary_10_38124_ijisrt_25aug174 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_023_02446_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_fare_12656 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_023_02845_8 crossref_primary_10_1515_ijamh_2023_0035 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_22027_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_022_01907_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_ejihpe11020022 crossref_primary_10_4103_npmj_npmj_23_24 crossref_primary_10_5897_IJNM2024_0540 crossref_primary_10_3389_ijph_2021_612894 crossref_primary_10_3390_challe10010021 crossref_primary_10_1017_S002193202300007X crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_022_14186_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_10926771_2025_2456905 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_024_19012_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40653_021_00386_6 crossref_primary_10_25122_jml_2023_0111 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00737_023_01376_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_23335_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_socsci14040250 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_077273 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605211015213 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_15927_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s12546_021_09258_0 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605251326079 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40609_024_00369_z crossref_primary_10_3390_adolescents3020023 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0325360 crossref_primary_10_4102_phcfm_v14i1_3527 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2021_1991974 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0275836 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_22009_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_021_01465_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_15634_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_telpol_2024_102753 crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440231154461 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejogrb_2021_11_017 crossref_primary_10_1590_0034_7167_2018_0985 crossref_primary_10_4103_njcp_njcp_446_22 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40980_024_00127_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0272684X211022121 crossref_primary_10_1177_08901171231198451 crossref_primary_10_3390_admsci14050100 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10896_023_00668_7 |
| Cites_doi | 10.18356/17344e4f-en 10.1007/s00737-012-0307-x 10.1080/10911359.2011.598748 10.1007/s10508-017-1023-4 10.2307/3583461 10.1136/jech.54.5.367 10.1177/0049124106292362 10.1891/vivi.19.5.507.63686 10.4103/2249-4863.141601 10.1186/1472-698X-9-14 10.1080/136910501164119 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300829 10.1186/1471-2458-11-511 10.1093/aje/kwi017 10.1007/978-3-642-72087-1_17 10.4314/njpsyc.v8i2.57620 10.11564/31-1-1003 10.1353/dem.2003.0014 10.1371/journal.pone.0082423 10.2307/3583398 10.1007/BF02333338 10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1209 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.039 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00150.x 10.1198/073500103288619430 10.2307/3583136 10.1177/089124301015003003 10.2307/1972894 10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86 10.1163/187219109X447467 10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.003 10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079 10.1136/jech.2004.023929 10.1177/0886260515596147 10.1007/s10896-009-9250-7 10.2307/354015 10.1007/BF01115740 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s). 2018 COPYRIGHT 2018 BioMed Central Ltd. Copyright © 2018. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s). 2018 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2018 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: Copyright © 2018. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7R6 7RV 7U3 7X7 7XB 888 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BENPR BHHNA CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. KB0 M0S M1P NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PMKZF PPXIY PQEST PQGEN PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PSYQQ QXPDG 7X8 5PM ADHXS ADTPV AOWAS D8T D93 ZZAVC DOA |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12905-018-0628-7 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) GenderWatch Nursing & Allied Health Database Social Services Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) GenderWatch (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Sociological Abstracts ProQuest One ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection PML(ProQuest Medical Library) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Digital Collections One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Women's Studies ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest One Psychology Diversity Collection MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) SWEPUB Umeå universitet full text SwePub SwePub Articles SWEPUB Freely available online SWEPUB Umeå universitet SwePub Articles full text DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Psychology ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Diversity Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Social Services Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) GenderWatch (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Digital Collections Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library GenderWatch ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Sociological Abstracts ProQuest Women's & Gender Studies ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Open Access Full Text url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: 7RV name: Nursing & Allied Health Database url: https://search.proquest.com/nahs sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Public Health |
| EISSN | 1472-6874 |
| EndPage | 17 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_ada3296c572344ec87bf15a72cf8c22d oai_DiVA_org_umu_150594 PMC6085661 A556986359 30092785 10_1186_s12905_018_0628_7 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Nigeria Africa |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Nigeria – name: Africa |
| GroupedDBID | --- 04C 0R~ 23N 2WC 53G 5VS 6J9 6PF 7R6 7RV 7X7 88E 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AASML AAWTL ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACGFS ACHQT ACIHN ACUHS ADBBV ADOJX ADRAZ ADUKV AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AFPKN AHBYD AHMBA AHYZX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BKEYQ BMC BMSDO BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU DIK DU5 E3Z EBD EBLON EBS ECF ECT EIHBH EJD ESX EX3 F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 HMCUK HYE IAO ICW IHR INH INR ITC KQ8 M1P M48 M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PMKZF PPXIY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PSYQQ PUEGO QXPDG RBZ RNS ROL RPM RSV SMD SOJ TR2 TUS UKHRP W2D WOQ WOW XSB ~8M AAYXX AFFHD CITATION ALIPV NPM 3V. 7U3 7XB 8FK AZQEC BHHNA DWQXO K9. PKEHL PQEST PQGEN PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM 2VQ 4.4 ADHXS ADTPV AHSBF AOWAS C1A D8T D93 IPNFZ RIG ZZAVC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-6f0521e2ee92f0ed46cbab89df43e66a5c144dae9289c803385ee39907c334fe3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RSV |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 123 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000441123800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1472-6874 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:53:02 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 16:47:04 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:01:06 EST 2025 Thu Sep 04 16:54:16 EDT 2025 Sun Nov 09 13:02:16 EST 2025 Tue Nov 11 10:28:28 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 17:44:48 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:58:47 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:48:57 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 01:36:07 EST 2025 Sat Sep 06 07:26:45 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Community norms women’s status Multilevel analysis Nigeria Intimate partner violence |
| Language | English |
| License | Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c641t-6f0521e2ee92f0ed46cbab89df43e66a5c144dae9289c803385ee39907c334fe3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2729-7417 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12905-018-0628-7 |
| PMID | 30092785 |
| PQID | 2090499612 |
| PQPubID | 42554 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_ada3296c572344ec87bf15a72cf8c22d swepub_primary_oai_DiVA_org_umu_150594 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6085661 proquest_miscellaneous_2087591419 proquest_journals_2090499612 gale_infotracmisc_A556986359 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A556986359 pubmed_primary_30092785 crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s12905_018_0628_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_018_0628_7 springer_journals_10_1186_s12905_018_0628_7 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2018-08-09 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-08-09 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2018 text: 2018-08-09 day: 09 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | BMC women's health |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | BMC Women's Health |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | BMC Womens Health |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | BioMed Central BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
| Publisher_xml | – name: BioMed Central – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: Springer Nature B.V – name: BMC |
| References | VF Go (628_CR38) 2003; 5 CO Odimegwu (628_CR53) 2001 C Garcia-Moreno (628_CR67) 2006 628_CR30 628_CR31 628_CR32 628_CR33 628_CR34 628_CR35 628_CR36 628_CR37 628_CR39 M Rahman (628_CR26) 2013; 8 628_CR60 628_CR61 628_CR62 628_CR63 628_CR20 628_CR64 628_CR21 628_CR65 628_CR22 628_CR66 628_CR23 628_CR24 628_CR68 628_CR25 628_CR27 628_CR28 628_CR29 628_CR6 628_CR7 628_CR8 628_CR9 628_CR2 628_CR3 628_CR4 628_CR5 628_CR50 628_CR51 628_CR52 628_CR10 628_CR54 628_CR11 628_CR55 628_CR12 628_CR56 628_CR13 628_CR57 628_CR14 628_CR58 628_CR15 628_CR59 628_CR16 628_CR17 628_CR18 628_CR19 628_CR40 628_CR41 628_CR42 628_CR43 628_CR44 628_CR45 628_CR46 628_CR47 628_CR48 628_CR49 628_CR1 |
| References_xml | – ident: 628_CR20 doi: 10.18356/17344e4f-en – ident: 628_CR7 doi: 10.1007/s00737-012-0307-x – ident: 628_CR33 – ident: 628_CR37 – ident: 628_CR12 doi: 10.1080/10911359.2011.598748 – ident: 628_CR23 – ident: 628_CR3 – ident: 628_CR30 doi: 10.1007/s10508-017-1023-4 – ident: 628_CR13 – ident: 628_CR41 doi: 10.2307/3583461 – ident: 628_CR68 doi: 10.1136/jech.54.5.367 – ident: 628_CR49 doi: 10.1177/0049124106292362 – ident: 628_CR28 – start-page: 1260 volume-title: Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence [Internet]. Vol. 368, Lancet year: 2006 ident: 628_CR67 – ident: 628_CR50 doi: 10.1891/vivi.19.5.507.63686 – ident: 628_CR11 doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.141601 – ident: 628_CR59 – volume-title: Couple formation and domestic violence among the Tiv of Benue state, Nigeria. In: international colloquium gender, population and develop-ment in Africa year: 2001 ident: 628_CR53 – ident: 628_CR4 – ident: 628_CR39 doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-9-14 – ident: 628_CR24 – volume: 5 start-page: 393 issue: 5 year: 2003 ident: 628_CR38 publication-title: India Cult Heal Sex doi: 10.1080/136910501164119 – ident: 628_CR45 – ident: 628_CR18 – ident: 628_CR62 – ident: 628_CR44 doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300829 – ident: 628_CR29 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-511 – ident: 628_CR31 – ident: 628_CR58 – ident: 628_CR65 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi017 – ident: 628_CR48 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-72087-1_17 – ident: 628_CR54 – ident: 628_CR35 – ident: 628_CR25 – ident: 628_CR52 doi: 10.4314/njpsyc.v8i2.57620 – ident: 628_CR32 doi: 10.11564/31-1-1003 – ident: 628_CR27 doi: 10.1353/dem.2003.0014 – ident: 628_CR5 – ident: 628_CR21 – volume: 8 start-page: e82423 issue: 12 year: 2013 ident: 628_CR26 publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082423 – ident: 628_CR40 doi: 10.2307/3583398 – ident: 628_CR43 doi: 10.1007/BF02333338 – ident: 628_CR8 doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1209 – ident: 628_CR1 – ident: 628_CR34 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.039 – ident: 628_CR63 – ident: 628_CR42 doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00150.x – ident: 628_CR66 doi: 10.1198/073500103288619430 – ident: 628_CR10 doi: 10.2307/3583136 – ident: 628_CR57 – ident: 628_CR14 doi: 10.1177/089124301015003003 – ident: 628_CR19 doi: 10.2307/1972894 – ident: 628_CR46 doi: 10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86 – ident: 628_CR36 – ident: 628_CR55 doi: 10.1163/187219109X447467 – ident: 628_CR61 – ident: 628_CR56 doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.003 – ident: 628_CR60 doi: 10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079 – ident: 628_CR64 doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.023929 – ident: 628_CR16 – ident: 628_CR51 doi: 10.1177/0886260515596147 – ident: 628_CR6 – ident: 628_CR22 – ident: 628_CR47 – ident: 628_CR9 doi: 10.1007/s10896-009-9250-7 – ident: 628_CR15 doi: 10.2307/354015 – ident: 628_CR17 doi: 10.1007/BF01115740 – ident: 628_CR2 |
| SSID | ssj0017857 |
| Score | 2.5085843 |
| Snippet | Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical,... Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and... Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical,... BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical,... BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the physical,... Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been recognised as a public health problem with far-reaching consequences for the... |
| SourceID | doaj swepub pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 136 |
| SubjectTerms | Analysis Community Community norms Cross-sectional studies Domestic violence Empowerment Equal rights Gender equity Gynecology Health problems Health status Health surveys Human rights Internet Intimate partner violence Maternal and Child Health Medicine Medicine & Public Health Men Mental health Multilevel analysis Murders & murder attempts Nigeria Norms Power Public health Random effects Reproductive Medicine Research Article Risk factors Sexually transmitted diseases Society Violence Violence against women Women Women's public health issues Womens health women’s status |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1bi9QwFA6y-CCIeLfuKhFEQSk7TZtLfRsvi4IMPuiybyGTJmNhzSzTmYV9883f4N_zl3hO0qnbFdYXX5v0cpIvyXeac74Q8rQxk8rXzubOSw8OClf5vGRNLgFBxhdKlPFswMOPcjZTR0f1p3NHfWFMWJIHTg23bxpTslpYLllZVc4qOfcFN5JZryxjDc6-wHq2zlS_fyAVl_0eJrxvv8O_LRikpnLMGczlaBWKYv1_T8nn1qSL8ZLDpukFgdG4KB3cJDd6NkmnyYpb5IoLt8n19CuOpgyjO-THh7BugZg6egLmBreip32uETUL0wI_pFGHgbaBztoFQvIVNTSGGh5jTBGNGrRQPEhyhAUF4khTMAhd-vSAX99_dhQzlDYdNaGhNiWfrM9oAGbc3SVfDt59fvM-789fyK2oinUuPGb2OuZczfzENZWwczNXdeOr0glhuAVvrDFQqmqrJuDscueA8EykLcvKu_Ie2QnL4B4QCqugFNwBnfO8grrIQpRpCsGBYcyZyMhk2x_a9uLkeEbGsY5OihI6daGGLtTYhVpm5MVwy0lS5ris8mvs5KEiimrHCwA13UNN_wtqGXmOENE49OHjrOkzGMBEFNHSU85FDejmdUb2RjVhyNpx8RZkup8yOs2gUcD9BMaZkSdDMd6JYXDBLTdYB9zLuqgKeMT9hMnBpBLlswD3GZEjtI5sHpeE9msUFBfAu4GnZeTlFtd_PuuSJn2WoD96wdv2cBobdfNto8HZ4HX18H-0_S65xuLwxWCdPbKzXm3cI3LVnq7bbvU4Dv7fUExfJw priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lj9MwELagywEJ8X4EFmQkBBIoonn4ES6oC7sCCVUrBKu9WY5jl0hLWpp2JW7c-A38PX4JM46bJYvUC9faeTj9ZvyNPfOZkCeVHueusCa2TjgIUJiMyyytYgEI0i6RPPNnAx59ENOpPD4uDsOCWxvSKjc-0Tvqam5wjRyC9ALZOUzIrxffYjw1CndXwxEaF8kOKpXlI7Kztz89_NjvIwjJRNjLhOe-bHHVBZPVZIy1g7EYzEZetP9f1_zX3HQ-b7LfPD0nNOonp4Nr_zus6-RqoKV00uHoBrlgm5vkSremR7tSpVvk5_tmVQPDtXQBgGvskp6GoiWqZ7oGokm9oAOtGzqtZ4jtV1RTn7N4gslJ1IvZQnOv7dHMKDBQ2mWV0LnrbvD7x6-WYqnTuqW6qajpqlhW32kDFLu9TT4f7H968y4OBznEhufJKuYOS4Rtam2RurGtcm5KXcqicnlmOdfMQFhXaWiVhZFjiJqZtcCcxsJkWe5sdoeMmnlj7xEK06ngzAIvdCyHvkhnpK4SzoCqlCmPyHjzhyoTVM7xsI0T5aMdyVWHAQUYUIgBJSLyvL9k0Ul8bOu8hyjpO6I6t_9hvpypYOxKVzpLC26YSLM8t0aK0iVMi9Q4adK0isgzxJhCHwIvZ3QohYAhohqXmjDGCzATVkRkd9ATbN8MmzeoUsH3tOoMUhF53DfjlZhP19j5GvtAnFokeQK3uNuBuh9ShjpcYDgREQO4D8Y8bGnqL16ZnAOBB8IXkRcbwzh7rS2f9GlnO4MHvK2PJv6jrr-uFUQtrMjvbx_tA3I59ZaN-Ty7ZLRaru1Dcsmcrup2-Sh4hj9vQG4Z priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Intimate partner violence against women in Nigeria: a multilevel study investigating the effect of women’s status and community norms |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12905-018-0628-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30092785 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2090499612 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2087591419 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6085661 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150594 https://doaj.org/article/ada3296c572344ec87bf15a72cf8c22d |
| Volume | 18 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000441123800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVADU databaseName: Open Access: BioMedCentral Open Access Titles customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: RBZ dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.biomedcentral.com/search/ providerName: BioMedCentral – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Open Access Full Text customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK Contemporary 1997-Present customDbUrl: eissn: 1472-6874 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017857 issn: 1472-6874 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20011201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1baxNBFD7YVkQQL_W2WsMIoqAsZi9zWd9SbbFgQ4ga2qdhMjsTF-qmZJOCb775G_x7_hLPzG5Wt0pBXxaSuWTn5JyZ78yc8w3Ak1z1U5sZHRrLLTooVITTJM5DjhqkbCRY4u8GnLzjw6E4OspGTR53tY52Xx9J-pnam7VgLyu3Y-ICzUTo8v5CvgFbuNoJZ43j95P26IALypvjy7826yxAnqf_z9n4t-XofKhke156jlvUr0f7N_5rJDfhegM_yaDWl1twyZTbcOWwOWDfhmv1Nh6ps5Nuw7eDclkgqDXkFHWsNAty1uQpETVTBWJL4jkcSFGSYTFz6vyKKOLDFE9cPBLx_LVY3NJ5lDOCoJPUgSRkbusOfnz9XhGX3bSqiCpzouvEleUXUiKqru7Ax_29D6_fhs3dDaFmabQMmXVZwSY2Jott3-Qp01M1FVlu08QwpqhGTy5XWCoyLfroKFNjECz1uU6S1JrkLmyW89LcB4IrKGfUIBS0NMW6DsEIlUeMIjqZxiyA_voPlbohNnf3a5xI7-AIJmuBSxS4dAKXPIDnbZPTmtXjosq7Tkvaio6Q238xX8xkY99S5SqJM6Ypj5M0NVrwqY2o4rG2QsdxHsAzp2PSTRv4clo12Q84REfAJQeUsgwtg2YB7HRqornrbvFaS2Uz3VQyRqGg64poNYDHbbFr6ULoSjNfuTrommZRGmEX92qlboeUOOotNJwAeEfdO2PulpTFJ09GzhCzI8YL4MVa13-91gUifVrbTucH3hSTgRfq6vNKoqNCs_TBP3X7EK7G3qpcRM8ObC4XK_MILuuzZVEterDBxxP3POL-KXqwtbs3HI17fiMGP40ODkfHPT-d_AQTTWyi |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1R3ZbtNAcFUKEkiI-zAUWCQOCWQRH3sYCaFAqRo1RAi1Ud-WzXodLBUnxElR33jjG_gJPoovYWbtuLhIeesDr5nxxrOec3cOQh6luhNniTW-zUQGAQqT_igKU18AB-kskDxyswGHfTEYyP395MMa-bWshcG0yqVOdIo6nRg8I4cgPUHvHAzy6-lXH6dG4e3qcoRGxRY79ugbhGzlq94mfN_HYbj1bvfttl9PFfANj4O5zzOsV7WhtUmYdWwaczPSI5mkWRxZzjUzEGOkGqAyMbIDIRyzFsx4R5goijMbwbpnyFnQ4wGmkImPw-bWQkgm6ptToPJFiWc8mBonfaxU9EXL9rkRAf8agr8s4ckszeaq9kRbU2cKty7_b5t4hVyqnW7araTkKlmzxTVysTqxpFUh1nXyo1fMc_DfLZ2COBV2Rg_rkiyqxzoHN5q6dhU0L-ggH6PkvqSauozMA0y9oq5VL4CbziXFmIJ_TaucGTrJqgV-f_9ZUizkWpRUFyk1VY3O_IgWEECUN8jeqezFTbJeTAp7m1BwFgRnFrzejMWAi86a1GnAGThio5B7pLNkIGXqHu44SuRAuVhOclXxnAKeU8hzSnjkWfPItGpgsgr5DXJlg4i9x90Pk9lY1apM6VRHYcINE2EUx9ZIMcoCpkVoMmnCMPXIU-RphRoSXs7outADSMReY6rLGE9ACbDEIxstTNBspg1ecrGqNWupjlnYIw8bMD6J2YKFnSwQB6LwJIgDWOJWJUQNSRF2GQNB9YhoiVeL5jakyD-7vuscwhNwZz3yfCmIx6-1YkufVLLa-oPNfNh1m7r4slAQk7EkvrOa2gfk_Pbu-77q9wY7d8mF0GkVzFzaIOvz2cLeI-fM4TwvZ_edTqLk02nL7x8iXMpL |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1baxQxFA5apRTES72NVo0gCsrQnUsu49tqXSzWpaAufQvZTLIdqNllZ7bgm2_-Bv-ev8STZHZ0qhTE181lJ2fOSb4z55wvCD0p5SA3hVaxNsyAg0J4PM3SMmagQdIknGb-bsDJARuP-dFRcdjec1qvs93XIclQ0-BYmmyzuyhNMHFOd2v39cQlnfHY1QDG7CK6lLs7g5y7_mHShREYJ6wNZf51WO8w8pz9f-7Mvx1NZ9Mmu9jpGZ5RfzaNrv33qq6jqy0sxcOgRzfQBW230eb7NvC-ja6Ez3s4VC3dRN_2bVMB2NV4Abpn9RKftvVLWM5kBZgTe24HXFk8rmZOzV9iiX364onLU8Ke1xaaO5oPO8MARnFIMMFzEyb48fV7jV3V06rG0pZYhYKW5gu2gLbrW-jT6M3H12_j9k6HWNE8aWJqXLWwTrUuUjPQZU7VVE55UZo805RKosDDKyW08kLxATjQRGsAUQOmsiw3OruNNuzc6rsIw8nKKNEAEQ3Joa9DNlyWCSWAWqYpjdBg_XKFagnP3b0bJ8I7PpyKIHABAhdO4IJF6Hk3ZBHYPs7r_MppTNfREXX7H-bLmWjtXshSZmlBFWFpludacTY1CZEsVYarNC0j9Mzpm3DbCTyckm1VBCzREXOJISG0AIshRYR2ej1hG1D95rXGinYbqkUKQgGXFlBshB53zW6kS62zer5yfcBlLZI8gSnuBAXvlpQ5Si4wogixnur31txvsdWxJymngOUB-0XoxVrvfz3WOSJ9Guyo9wd71WTohbr6vBLgwJAiv_dP0z5Cm4d7I3GwP353H22l3sBc0s8O2miWK_0AXVanTVUvH_rd4yePEXFa |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Intimate+partner+violence+against+women+in+Nigeria%3A+a+multilevel+study+investigating+the+effect+of+women%E2%80%99s+status+and+community+norms&rft.jtitle=BMC+women%27s+health&rft.au=Benebo%2C+Faith+Owunari&rft.au=Schumann%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Vaezghasemi%2C+Masoud&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.pub=BioMed+Central&rft.eissn=1472-6874&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12905-018-0628-7&rft.externalDocID=10_1186_s12905_018_0628_7 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1472-6874&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1472-6874&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1472-6874&client=summon |