The emerging role of the piRNA/piwi complex in cancer

Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute novel small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 24–31 nucleotides in length that often bind to members of the piwi protein family to play regulatory roles. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that in addition to the mammalian germline, piRNAs are also...

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Published in:Molecular cancer Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 123 - 15
Main Authors: Liu, Yongmei, Dou, Mei, Song, Xuxia, Dong, Yanhan, Liu, Si, Liu, Haoran, Tao, Jiaping, Li, Wenjing, Yin, Xunhua, Xu, Wenhua
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 09.08.2019
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects:
Animals
Biological markers
Biomarker
Biomarkers, Tumor
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer
Cancer diagnosis
Cancer Research
Care and treatment
Cellular signal transduction
Epigenesis, Genetic
Function
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genetic aspects
Histones
Humans
Models, Biological
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Novels
Nucleotides
Oncology
piRNA/piwi complex
Protein binding
Proteins
Review
RNA
RNA Interference
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism
Tumors
Function
Biomarker
piRNA/piwi complex
Cancer
ISSN:1476-4598, 1476-4598
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute novel small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 24–31 nucleotides in length that often bind to members of the piwi protein family to play regulatory roles. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that in addition to the mammalian germline, piRNAs are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in a variety of human tissues and modulate key signaling pathways at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. In addition, a growing number of studies have shown that piRNA and PIWI proteins, which are abnormally expressed in various cancers, may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. However, the functions of piRNAs in cancer and their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, and emerging roles in cancer, providing new insights regarding the potential applications of piRNAs and piwi proteins in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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ISSN:1476-4598
1476-4598
DOI:10.1186/s12943-019-1052-9