Grape Polyphenols Prevent Fructose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

To assess the clinical efficacy of nutritional amounts of grape polyphenols (PPs) in counteracting the metabolic alterations of high-fructose diet, including oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR), in healthy volunteers with high metabolic risk. Thirty-eight healthy overweight/obese first-degr...

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Vydané v:	Diabetes care Ročník 36; číslo 6; s. 1454 - 1461
Hlavní autori:	Hokayem, Marie, Blond, Emilie, Vidal, Hubert, Lambert, Karen, Meugnier, Emmanuelle, Feillet-Coudray, Christine, Coudray, Charles, Pesenti, Sandra, Luyton, Cedric, Lambert-Porcheron, Stéphanie, Sauvinet, Valerie, Fedou, Christine, Brun, Jean-Frédéric, Rieusset, Jennifer, Bisbal, Catherine, Sultan, Ariane, Mercier, Jacques, Goudable, Joelle, Dupuy, Anne-Marie, Cristol, Jean-Paul, Laville, Martine, Avignon, Antoine
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.06.2013
Predmet:	Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Care and treatment Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Diabetics Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Female Fructose - adverse effects Humans Insulin Insulin resistance Insulin Resistance - physiology Life Sciences Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Metabolic disorders Middle Aged Miscellaneous Original Research Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Polyphenols Polyphenols - chemistry Polyphenols - therapeutic use Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Vitis - chemistry France Endocrinopathy Type 2 diabetes Human Oxidative stress Pancreatic hormone Nutrition Patient Metabolic diseases Insulin Fructose Prevention Target tissue resistance Polyphenol Grape Phenols Insulin resistance Inheritance(genetics) Endocrinology SKELETAL-MUSCLE DIET WINE CONSUMPTION RATS HUMANS GENE-EXPRESSION MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION MICE METABOLIC DISEASES HEPATIC STEATOSIS
ISSN:	0149-5992, 1935-5548, 1935-5548, 0149-5992
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Popis
Shrnutí:	To assess the clinical efficacy of nutritional amounts of grape polyphenols (PPs) in counteracting the metabolic alterations of high-fructose diet, including oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR), in healthy volunteers with high metabolic risk. Thirty-eight healthy overweight/obese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (18 men and 20 women) were randomized in a double-blind controlled trial between a grape PP (2 g/day) and a placebo (PCB) group. Subjects were investigated at baseline and after 8 and 9 weeks of supplementation, the last 6 days of which they all received 3 g/kg fat-free mass/day of fructose. The primary end point was the protective effect of grape PPs on fructose-induced IR. In the PCB group, fructose induced 1) a 20% decrease in hepatic insulin sensitivity index (P < 0.05) and an 11% decrease in glucose infusion rate (P < 0.05) as evaluated during a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, 2) an increase in systemic (urinary F2-isoprostanes) and muscle (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonylation) oxidative stress (P < 0.05), and 3) a downregulation of mitochondrial genes and decreased mitochondrial respiration (P < 0.05). All the deleterious effects of fructose were fully blunted by grape PP supplementation. Antioxidative defenses, inflammatory markers, and main adipokines were affected neither by fructose nor by grape PPs. A natural mixture of grape PPs at nutritional doses efficiently prevents fructose-induced oxidative stress and IR. The current interest in grape PP ingredients and products by the global food and nutrition industries could well make them a stepping-stone of preventive nutrition.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 M.H. and E.B. contributed equally to this work
ISSN:	0149-5992 1935-5548 1935-5548 0149-5992
DOI:	10.2337/dc12-1652