Fire-severity effects on plant–fungal interactions after a novel tundra wildfire disturbance: implications for arctic shrub and tree migration

Background Vegetation change in high latitude tundra ecosystems is expected to accelerate due to increased wildfire activity. High-severity fires increase the availability of mineral soil seedbeds, which facilitates recruitment, yet fire also alters soil microbial composition, which could significan...

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Vydáno v:	BMC ecology Ročník 16; číslo 1; s. 25
Hlavní autoři:	Hewitt, Rebecca E., Hollingsworth, Teresa N., Stuart Chapin III, F., Lee Taylor, D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 11.05.2016 BioMed Central Ltd
Témata:	Arctic region Arctic Regions Biomass Biomedical and Life Sciences Biota Community Composition Ecological effects Ecology ecosystems Environmental aspects Experiments fire severity Flowers & plants Forest & brush fires fungal communities Fungi Fungi - physiology Growth chambers Hypotheses Influence Inoculum latitude Life Sciences Microorganisms mineral soils Mycorrhizas Natural history Pathogens Plant Physiological Phenomena Plant species Plants - microbiology population and macroecology Research Article seedbeds seedling growth Seedlings Seeds shrubs soil biota Soil investigations Soil microbiology Soil microorganisms Soils Taiga & tundra Trees Trees - microbiology Trees - physiology Tundra Tundra ecology Vegetation Wildfires Arctic Alaska United States > US Arctic region Climate change Arctic tundra Treeline Fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Fire severity Shrub expansion ARISA Alnus viridis Picea mariana
ISSN:	1472-6785, 1472-6785
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Background Vegetation change in high latitude tundra ecosystems is expected to accelerate due to increased wildfire activity. High-severity fires increase the availability of mineral soil seedbeds, which facilitates recruitment, yet fire also alters soil microbial composition, which could significantly impact seedling establishment. Results We investigated the effects of fire severity on soil biota and associated effects on plant performance for two plant species predicted to expand into Arctic tundra. We inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber experiment with soils collected from the largest tundra fire recorded in the Arctic and used molecular tools to characterize root-associated fungal communities. Seedling biomass was significantly related to the composition of fungal inoculum. Biomass decreased as fire severity increased and the proportion of pathogenic fungi increased. Conclusions Our results suggest that effects of fire severity on soil biota reduces seedling performance and thus we hypothesize that in certain ecological contexts fire-severity effects on plant–fungal interactions may dampen the expected increases in tree and shrub establishment after tundra fire.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1472-6785 1472-6785
DOI:	10.1186/s12898-016-0075-y