Treponema pallidum genetic diversity and its implications for targeted vaccine development: A cross-sectional study of early syphilis cases in Southwestern Colombia
Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization o...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one Jg. 19; H. 7; S. e0307600 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
United States
Public Library of Science
19.07.2024
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia.
We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/μl) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/μl with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates.
This study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | BackgroundVenereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia.Methods and findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/μl) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/μl with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates.ConclusionsThis study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/[mu]l) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/[mu]l with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates. This study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. Background Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia. Methods and findings We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/[mu]l) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/[mu]l with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates. Conclusions This study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia.BACKGROUNDVenereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia.We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/μl) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/μl with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates.METHODS AND FINDINGSWe conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/μl) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/μl with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates.This study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development.CONCLUSIONSThis study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/μl) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/μl with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide (i.e., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein's predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates. This study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. Background Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum ( TPA ), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global efficacy. Vaccine development requires an understanding of syphilis epidemiology and clinical presentation as well as genomic characterization of TPA strains circulating within at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, demographic, and molecular features of early syphilis cases in Cali, Colombia. Methods and findings We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify individuals with early syphilis (ES) in Cali, Colombia through a city-wide network of public health centers, private sector HIV clinics and laboratory databases from public health institutions. Whole blood (WB), skin biopsies (SB), and genital and oral lesion swabs were obtained for measurement of treponemal burdens by polA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among 1,966 individuals screened, 128 participants met enrollment criteria: 112 (87%) with secondary (SS), 15 (12%) with primary (PS) and one with early latent syphilis; 66/128 (52%) self-reported as heterosexual, while 48 (38%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). Genital ulcer swabs had the highest polA copy numbers (67 copies/μl) by qPCR with a positivity rate (PR) of 73%, while SS lesions had 42 polA copies/μl with PR of 62%. WB polA positivity was more frequent in SS than PS (42% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.009). Isolation of TPA from WB by rabbit infectivity testing (RIT) was achieved in 5 (56%) of 9 ES WB samples tested. WGS from 33 Cali patient samples, along with 10 other genomic sequences from South America (9 from Peru, 1 from Argentina) used as comparators, confirmed that SS14 was the predominant clade, and that half of all samples had mutations associated with macrolide ( i . e ., azithromycin) resistance. Variability in the outer membrane protein (OMP) and vaccine candidate BamA (TP0326) was mapped onto the protein’s predicted structure from AlphaFold. Despite the presence of mutations in several extracellular loops (ECLs), ECL4, an immunodominant loop and proven opsonic target, was highly conserved in this group of Colombian and South American TPA isolates. Conclusions This study offers new insights into the sociodemographic and clinical features of venereal syphilis in a highly endemic area of Colombia and illustrates how genomic sequencing of regionally prevalent TPA strains can inform vaccine development. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Martínez-Valencia, Alvaro J. Parr, Jonathan B. Ramirez, Jose D. Hennelly, Christopher M. Silva, Sebastián La Vake, Carson J. Caimano, Melissa J. López-Medina, Eduardo Aghakhanian, Farhang Bettin, Everton B. Romero-Rosas, Nelson Amórtegui, María F. Ramirez, Lady G. Seña, Arlene C. Radolf, Justin D. Salazar, Juan C. Galindo, Ximena Oviedo, Oscar Vigil, Julie García-Luna, Jonny A. Vargas-Cely, Fabio Hawley, Kelly L. Moody, M. Anthony |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juan C. orcidid: 0000-0003-3881-546X surname: Salazar fullname: Salazar, Juan C. – sequence: 2 givenname: Fabio orcidid: 0000-0002-3407-4011 surname: Vargas-Cely fullname: Vargas-Cely, Fabio – sequence: 3 givenname: Jonny A. orcidid: 0000-0002-4784-6519 surname: García-Luna fullname: García-Luna, Jonny A. – sequence: 4 givenname: Lady G. surname: Ramirez fullname: Ramirez, Lady G. – sequence: 5 givenname: Everton B. surname: Bettin fullname: Bettin, Everton B. – sequence: 6 givenname: Nelson surname: Romero-Rosas fullname: Romero-Rosas, Nelson – sequence: 7 givenname: María F. surname: Amórtegui fullname: Amórtegui, María F. – sequence: 8 givenname: Sebastián surname: Silva fullname: Silva, Sebastián – sequence: 9 givenname: Oscar surname: Oviedo fullname: Oviedo, Oscar – sequence: 10 givenname: Julie surname: Vigil fullname: Vigil, Julie – sequence: 11 givenname: Carson J. surname: La Vake fullname: La Vake, Carson J. – sequence: 12 givenname: Ximena surname: Galindo fullname: Galindo, Ximena – sequence: 13 givenname: Jose D. surname: Ramirez fullname: Ramirez, Jose D. – sequence: 14 givenname: Alvaro J. orcidid: 0000-0002-5641-2392 surname: Martínez-Valencia fullname: Martínez-Valencia, Alvaro J. – sequence: 15 givenname: Melissa J. surname: Caimano fullname: Caimano, Melissa J. – sequence: 16 givenname: Christopher M. surname: Hennelly fullname: Hennelly, Christopher M. – sequence: 17 givenname: Farhang surname: Aghakhanian fullname: Aghakhanian, Farhang – sequence: 18 givenname: M. Anthony surname: Moody fullname: Moody, M. Anthony – sequence: 19 givenname: Arlene C. surname: Seña fullname: Seña, Arlene C. – sequence: 20 givenname: Jonathan B. surname: Parr fullname: Parr, Jonathan B. – sequence: 21 givenname: Kelly L. surname: Hawley fullname: Hawley, Kelly L. – sequence: 22 givenname: Eduardo orcidid: 0000-0003-3066-5938 surname: López-Medina fullname: López-Medina, Eduardo – sequence: 23 givenname: Justin D. surname: Radolf fullname: Radolf, Justin D. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39028747$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNk99q2zAUxs3oWNtsbzA2wWBsF8lky7Hs3pWyP4FCYe12K06ko0RFtjxJ7pb32YNOSd3RlDKGLiwOv-87PodPx9lB5zrMspc5neWM5x-u3eA7sLM-lWeUUV5R-iQ7yhtWTKuCsoN798PsOIRrSuesrqpn2SFraFHzkh9lv688bh1aID1Ya9TQkhV2GI0kytygDyZuCHSKmBiIaXtrJETjukC08ySCX2FERW5AStMhUXiD1vUtdvGEnBLpXQjTgHIrAUtCHNSGOE0QvN2QsOnXxppAJARM9h25dENc_8QQ0XfkzFnXLg08z55qsAFfjN9J9u3Tx6uzL9Pzi8-Ls9PzqawYj9MamoovKS3nqqC6qedaV7LkUrFCMk2hSTM3SnLgWIDk87KhFKBoGF9KpaqcTbLXt769dUGMCw6C0bqo8-0eE7G4JZSDa9F704LfCAdG7ArOrwT4tDuLYl5T3tS6rppKl1Itm6KhMpdlWdFGa4bJ693YzbsfQxpZtCZItBY6dMPYlrGClgl98wB9_OdGagWpv-m0ix7k1lSc1jSFgfOUgEk2e4RKR2FrZIqCNqm-J3i_J0hMxF9xBUMIYnH59f_Zi-_77Nt77BrBxnVwdtilax98NU4_LFtUf9d-l-IEnNwCu7h51EKauEtpGs1YkVOxfTJ3SxPbwIvxySRx-UB85_9P2R9nfhwP |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1128_msystems_01555_24 crossref_primary_10_1128_jb_00159_25 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1002/jcc.20084 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000690 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001396 10.1093/infdis/167.1.148 10.1093/nar/gku1196 10.1097/01.olq.0000261456.09797.1b 10.1086/511822 10.1093/infdis/jiaa449 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000792 10.1016/j.siny.2007.01.019 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222267 10.1007/s10903-007-9081-7 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00041-6 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007056 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07662.x 10.1111/1469-0691.12504 10.1038/s41467-019-11216-7 10.1093/molbev/mst010 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 10.1101/gr.107524.110 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30268-1 10.7326/0003-4819-109-11-855 10.1007/s12519-010-0028-z 10.26633/RPSP.2018.118 10.1128/mbio.01639-22 10.1002/jcla.22890 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 10.1093/nar/gkab1061 10.1128/JCM.01994-20 10.1128/JB.00082-21 10.1038/s41564-021-01000-z 10.1038/nrdp.2017.73 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001717 10.1128/msphere.00009-22 10.1371/journal.pone.0282492 10.1128/JB.00086-15 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright: © 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright: © 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science – notice: 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM IOV ISR 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7RV 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7X2 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABJCF ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI C1K CCPQU D1I DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. KB. KB0 KL. L6V LK8 M0K M0S M1P M7N M7P M7S NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS PYCSY RC3 7X8 DOA |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0307600 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints Gale In Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Biotechnology Research Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Database Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Agricultural Science Collection Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest MSED ProQuest Central (Alumni) One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials - QC Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Technology Collection Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Materials Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Engineering Collection ProQuest Biological Science Collection Agricultural Science Database Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Engineering Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database Materials Science Collection Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Agricultural Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Agricultural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Materials Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Materials Science Database ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts Materials Science & Engineering Collection Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Agricultural Science Database MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) Public Health |
| EISSN | 1932-6203 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 3082816203 oai_doaj_org_article_580798f8696f4cdb9290c1c44609ff3e A801937705 39028747 10_1371_journal_pone_0307600 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Colombia |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Colombia |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Wellcome Trust – fundername: FIC NIH HHS grantid: D43 TW006589 – fundername: Gates Foundation grantid: INV-036560 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: U19 AI144177 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 53G 5VS 7RV 7X2 7X7 7XC 88E 8AO 8C1 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABIVO ABJCF ABUWG ACCTH ACGFO ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHMBA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS APEBS ARAPS ATCPS BAIFH BAWUL BBNVY BBTPI BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKEYQ BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I D1J D1K DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD EMOBN ESX EX3 F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO IEA IGS IHR IHW INH INR IOV IPY ISE ISR ITC K6- KB. KQ8 L6V LK5 LK8 M0K M1P M48 M7P M7R M7S M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P P62 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PTHSS PV9 PYCSY RNS RPM RZL SV3 TR2 UKHRP WOQ WOW ~02 ~KM ADRAZ ALIPV CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF IPNFZ NPM RIG BBORY 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO ESTFP FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. KL. M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c637t-8a967b0045d20f985ff6c47cd32c3f0a92879dc7a7e2ac754900aa2937bcdd613 |
| IEDL.DBID | FPL |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 3 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001273208200011&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| IngestDate | Tue Sep 30 23:54:35 EDT 2025 Mon Nov 10 04:34:21 EST 2025 Wed Oct 01 14:37:10 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:40:12 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 13:59:19 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 10:34:12 EST 2025 Wed Nov 26 11:03:05 EST 2025 Wed Nov 26 11:28:53 EST 2025 Thu May 22 21:24:34 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:59:57 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 01:45:08 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:53:24 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 7 |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright: © 2024 Salazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c637t-8a967b0045d20f985ff6c47cd32c3f0a92879dc7a7e2ac754900aa2937bcdd613 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5641-2392 0000-0002-4784-6519 0000-0003-3881-546X 0000-0002-3407-4011 0000-0003-3066-5938 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307600 |
| PMID | 39028747 |
| PQID | 3082816203 |
| PQPubID | 1436336 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_3082816203 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_580798f8696f4cdb9290c1c44609ff3e proquest_miscellaneous_3082833204 proquest_journals_3082816203 gale_infotracmisc_A801937705 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A801937705 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A801937705 gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A801937705 gale_healthsolutions_A801937705 pubmed_primary_39028747 crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0307600 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0307600 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-07-19 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-07-19 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2024 text: 2024-07-19 day: 19 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco |
| PublicationTitle | PloS one |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS One |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | MW Keuning (pone.0307600.ref011) 2020; 20 L Newman (pone.0307600.ref004) 2013; 10 SA Lukehart (pone.0307600.ref047) 1988; 109 pone.0307600.ref034 JD Radolf (pone.0307600.ref048) 2017 A Mejia (pone.0307600.ref013) 2009; 11 pone.0307600.ref036 EF Pettersen (pone.0307600.ref045) 2004; 25 pone.0307600.ref037 A Luthra (pone.0307600.ref029) 2015; 197 NAP Lieberman (pone.0307600.ref026) 2022; 13 Y Luo (pone.0307600.ref018) 2021; 10 AR Cruz (pone.0307600.ref012) 2010; 4 KL Hawley (pone.0307600.ref027) 2021; 203 AR Cruz (pone.0307600.ref014) 2012; 6 pone.0307600.ref002 A McKenna (pone.0307600.ref038) 2010; 20 pone.0307600.ref003 JA Garcia Luna (pone.0307600.ref032) 2023; 18 RW Peeling (pone.0307600.ref001) 2017; 3 AM Bolger (pone.0307600.ref035) 2014; 30 EL Korenromp (pone.0307600.ref015) 2018; 42 PJ Sanchez (pone.0307600.ref033) 1993; 167 ML Kamb (pone.0307600.ref005) 2010; 2010 PA Grange (pone.0307600.ref020) 2021; 59 M Varadi (pone.0307600.ref044) 2022; 50 KN Delgado (pone.0307600.ref028) 2022 GP Schmid (pone.0307600.ref006) 2007; 34 C Kruger (pone.0307600.ref007) 2010; 6 DC Desrosiers (pone.0307600.ref050) 2011; 80 pone.0307600.ref017 S Kumar (pone.0307600.ref030) 2018; 9 MA Beale (pone.0307600.ref042) 2019; 10 JC Martinez-Garces (pone.0307600.ref016) 2019; 39 W Chen (pone.0307600.ref023) 2021; 223 HCA Zondag (pone.0307600.ref022) 2022 C Zhou (pone.0307600.ref019) 2019; 33 A. Stamatakis (pone.0307600.ref041) 2014; 30 MA Beale (pone.0307600.ref043) 2021; 6 GJ Walker (pone.0307600.ref008) 2007; 12 JD Radolf (pone.0307600.ref049) 2016 ML Kamb (pone.0307600.ref010) 2018; 45 NAP Lieberman (pone.0307600.ref024) 2021; 15 L Workowski KB (pone.0307600.ref046) 2021; 70 AC Sena (pone.0307600.ref025) 2023 MR Ferguson (pone.0307600.ref031) 2023; 14 K Katoh (pone.0307600.ref039) 2013; 30 CM Thurlow (pone.0307600.ref021) 2022 R. Nelson (pone.0307600.ref009) 2022; 3 NJ Croucher (pone.0307600.ref040) 2015; 43 BR Wu (pone.0307600.ref052) 2014; 20 JC Salazar (pone.0307600.ref051) 2007; 195 |
| References_xml | – volume: 25 start-page: 1605 issue: 13 year: 2004 ident: pone.0307600.ref045 article-title: UCSF Chimera—a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis publication-title: J Comput Chem doi: 10.1002/jcc.20084 – volume: 4 start-page: e690 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: pone.0307600.ref012 article-title: Secondary syphilis in cali, Colombia: new concepts in disease pathogenesis publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000690 – year: 2023 ident: pone.0307600.ref025 article-title: Clinical and genomic diversity of Treponema pallidum subsp publication-title: pallidum: A global, multi-center study of early syphilis to inform vaccine research. medRxiv – volume: 9 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: pone.0307600.ref030 article-title: Sequence Variation of Rare Outer Membrane Protein beta-Barrel Domains in Clinical Strains Provides Insights into the Evolution of Treponema pallidum subsp publication-title: pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete. mBio – volume: 10 start-page: e1001396 issue: 2 year: 2013 ident: pone.0307600.ref004 article-title: Global estimates of syphilis in pregnancy and associated adverse outcomes: analysis of multinational antenatal surveillance data publication-title: PLoS Med doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001396 – volume: 167 start-page: 148 issue: 1 year: 1993 ident: pone.0307600.ref033 article-title: Evaluation of molecular methodologies and rabbit infectivity testing for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis and neonatal central nervous system invasion by Treponema pallidum publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.1.148 – volume: 43 start-page: e15 issue: 3 year: 2015 ident: pone.0307600.ref040 article-title: Rapid phylogenetic analysis of large samples of recombinant bacterial whole genome sequences using Gubbins publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1196 – volume: 34 start-page: S5 issue: 7 year: 2007 ident: pone.0307600.ref006 article-title: The need and plan for global elimination of congenital syphilis publication-title: Sex Transm Dis doi: 10.1097/01.olq.0000261456.09797.1b – volume: 195 start-page: 879 issue: 6 year: 2007 ident: pone.0307600.ref051 article-title: Treponema pallidum elicits innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in skin and blood during secondary syphilis: a flow-cytometric analysis publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/511822 – volume: 10 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref018 article-title: Laboratory Diagnostic Tools for Syphilis: Current Status and Future Prospects publication-title: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology – ident: pone.0307600.ref002 – volume: 223 start-page: 848 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref023 article-title: Analysis of Treponema pallidum strains from China using improved methods for whole-genome sequencing from primary syphilis chancres publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa449 – volume: 15 start-page: 1 issue: 12 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref024 article-title: Treponema pallidum genome sequencing from six continents reveals variability in vaccine candidate genes and dominance of Nichols clade strains in Madagascar publication-title: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases – volume: 45 start-page: 144 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: pone.0307600.ref010 article-title: Rapid Increases in Syphilis in Reproductive-Aged Women in Japan: A Warning for Other Countries? publication-title: Sexually Transmitted Diseases doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000792 – ident: pone.0307600.ref036 – volume: 12 start-page: 198 issue: 3 year: 2007 ident: pone.0307600.ref008 article-title: Congenital syphilis: a continuing but neglected problem publication-title: Semin Fetal Neonatal Med doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.01.019 – volume: 14 start-page: 1222267 year: 2023 ident: pone.0307600.ref031 article-title: Use of Epivolve phage display to generate a monoclonal antibody with opsonic activity directed against a subdominant epitope on extracellular loop 4 of Treponema pallidum BamA (TP0326) publication-title: Front Immunol doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222267 – volume: 11 start-page: 92 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: pone.0307600.ref013 article-title: Syphilis infection among female sex workers in Colombia publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health doi: 10.1007/s10903-007-9081-7 – volume: 3 start-page: e171 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: pone.0307600.ref009 article-title: Congenital syphilis increases in the USA publication-title: Lancet Microbe doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00041-6 – volume: 30 start-page: 1312 issue: 9 year: 2014 ident: pone.0307600.ref041 article-title: RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033 – volume: 13 start-page: 1007056 year: 2022 ident: pone.0307600.ref026 article-title: High-throughput nanopore sequencing of Treponema pallidum tandem repeat genes arp and tp0470 reveals clade-specific patterns and recapitulates global whole genome phylogeny publication-title: Front Microbiol doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007056 – volume: 80 start-page: 1496 issue: 6 year: 2011 ident: pone.0307600.ref050 article-title: TP0326, a Treponema pallidum beta-barrel assembly machinery A (BamA) orthologue and rare outer membrane protein publication-title: Mol Microbiol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07662.x – volume: 20 start-page: O524 issue: 8 year: 2014 ident: pone.0307600.ref052 article-title: Spirochetemia due to Treponema pallidum using polymerase-chain-reaction assays in patients with early syphilis: prevalence, associated factors and treatment response publication-title: Clin Microbiol Infect doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12504 – volume: 10 start-page: 3255 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: pone.0307600.ref042 article-title: Genomic epidemiology of syphilis reveals independent emergence of macrolide resistance across multiple circulating lineages publication-title: Nat Commun doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11216-7 – volume: 30 start-page: 772 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: pone.0307600.ref039 article-title: MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/mst010 – volume: 30 start-page: 2114 issue: 15 year: 2014 ident: pone.0307600.ref035 article-title: Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 – volume: 20 start-page: 1297 issue: 9 year: 2010 ident: pone.0307600.ref038 article-title: The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data publication-title: Genome Res doi: 10.1101/gr.107524.110 – volume: 2010 year: 2010 ident: pone.0307600.ref005 article-title: A road map for the global elimination of congenital syphilis publication-title: Obstet Gynecol Int – volume: 20 start-page: e173 issue: 7 year: 2020 ident: pone.0307600.ref011 article-title: Congenital syphilis, the great imitator—case report and review publication-title: The Lancet Infectious Diseases doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30268-1 – volume: 109 start-page: 855 issue: 11 year: 1988 ident: pone.0307600.ref047 article-title: Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-109-11-855 – volume: 6 start-page: 125 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: pone.0307600.ref007 article-title: Congenital syphilis: still a serious, under-diagnosed threat for children in resource-poor countries publication-title: World J Pediatr doi: 10.1007/s12519-010-0028-z – ident: pone.0307600.ref037 – volume: 42 year: 2018 ident: pone.0307600.ref015 article-title: Prevalence and incidence estimates for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and congenital syphilis in Colombia, 1995–2016 publication-title: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2018.118 – start-page: e0163922 year: 2022 ident: pone.0307600.ref028 article-title: Extracellular Loops of the Treponema pallidum FadL Orthologs TP0856 and TP0858 elicit IgG antibodies and IgG(+)-specific B-cells in the rabbit model of experimental syphilis publication-title: mBio doi: 10.1128/mbio.01639-22 – volume: 33 start-page: 1 issue: 5 year: 2019 ident: pone.0307600.ref019 article-title: PCR detection for syphilis diagnosis: Status and prospects publication-title: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis doi: 10.1002/jcla.22890 – volume: 70 start-page: 1 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref046 article-title: Sexually transmitted infections, treatment guidelines. 2021 publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep 2021 doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 – year: 2017 ident: pone.0307600.ref048 article-title: The Treponema pallidum outer membrane publication-title: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol – year: 2022 ident: pone.0307600.ref022 article-title: Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum intrapatient homogeneity at various body locations in men with infectious syphilis publication-title: Microbiol Spectr – volume: 50 start-page: D439 issue: D1 year: 2022 ident: pone.0307600.ref044 article-title: AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab1061 – volume: 59 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref020 article-title: Use of a multiplex PCR assay to assess the presence of treponema pallidum in mucocutaneous ulcerations in patients with suspected syphilis publication-title: Journal of Clinical Microbiology doi: 10.1128/JCM.01994-20 – volume: 203 start-page: e0008221 issue: 15 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref027 article-title: Structural modeling of the Treponema pallidum OMPeome: a roadmap for deconvolution of syphilis pathogenesis and development of a syphilis vaccine publication-title: J Bacteriol doi: 10.1128/JB.00082-21 – volume: 6 start-page: 1549 issue: 12 year: 2021 ident: pone.0307600.ref043 article-title: Global phylogeny of Treponema pallidum lineages reveals recent expansion and spread of contemporary syphilis publication-title: Nat Microbiol doi: 10.1038/s41564-021-01000-z – year: 2016 ident: pone.0307600.ref049 article-title: Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete: making a living as a stealth pathogen publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol – volume: 3 year: 2017 ident: pone.0307600.ref001 article-title: Primer: Syphilis publication-title: Nature Reviews Disease Primers doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.73 – volume: 39 start-page: 163 issue: s1 year: 2019 ident: pone.0307600.ref016 article-title: Seroreactivity and prevalence of syphilis in donors at a blood bank in Barranquilla, Colombia publication-title: Biomedica – ident: pone.0307600.ref017 – ident: pone.0307600.ref034 – volume: 6 start-page: e1717 issue: 7 year: 2012 ident: pone.0307600.ref014 article-title: Immune evasion and recognition of the syphilis spirochete in blood and skin of secondary syphilis patients: two immunologically distinct compartments publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001717 – start-page: e0000922 year: 2022 ident: pone.0307600.ref021 article-title: Selective whole-genome amplification as a tool to enrich specimens with low Treponema pallidum genomic DNA copies for whole-genome sequencing publication-title: mSphere doi: 10.1128/msphere.00009-22 – volume: 18 start-page: e0282492 issue: 3 year: 2023 ident: pone.0307600.ref032 article-title: Diagnostic performance of two rapid tests for syphilis screening in people living with HIV in Cali, Colombia publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282492 – ident: pone.0307600.ref003 – volume: 197 start-page: 1906 issue: 11 year: 2015 ident: pone.0307600.ref029 article-title: A homology model reveals novel structural features and an immunodominant surface loop/opsonic target in the Treponema pallidum BamA ortholog TP_0326 publication-title: J Bacteriol doi: 10.1128/JB.00086-15 |
| SSID | ssj0053866 |
| Score | 2.471393 |
| Snippet | Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with global... Background Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with... BackgroundVenereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine with... Background Venereal syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum ( TPA ), is surging worldwide, underscoring the need for a vaccine... |
| SourceID | plos doaj proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | e0307600 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Animals Antibiotics At risk populations Azithromycin Bacterial Vaccines - immunology Biological diversity Biopsy Colombia - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies DNA sequencing Drug resistance in microorganisms Enrollments Epidemiology Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Female Gene sequencing Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Genomics Hepatitis HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infectivity Laboratories Lesions Male Membrane proteins Middle Aged Mutation Nucleotide sequencing Outer membrane proteins Patients Polymerase chain reaction Population studies Private sector Protein structure Proteins Public health Reporting requirements Sexually transmitted diseases Skin Skin diseases Sociodemographics Spirochetes STD Syphilis Syphilis - epidemiology Syphilis - microbiology Thrombolytic drugs Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum - genetics Treponema pallidum - immunology Treponema pallidum - isolation & purification Ulcers Underserved populations Vaccine Development Vaccines Whole Genome Sequencing Young Adult |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELbQigMXRHl1oYBBSMAhrTdO7ITbUlHBpSAoqLfIGdtVpN3sqtmtxP_hhzLjeMOuBCoHrvHEimfG84hnPjP20ua18KAwUwVQSaasScrUuATAWQmutl6YcNmEPj0tzs_Lz1tXfVFNWA8P3DPuKC-ELgtfqFL5DGyN7lzABDCLEaX30pH1xahnk0z1Nhh3sVKxUU7qyVGUy-Fy0bpDUmtFHW1bjijg9Q9WebScLbq_h5zB9ZzcYbdjzMin_bfusRuuvcv24q7s-OsIHf3mHvt5RmcArZsbvjSzWWPXc44aQo2K3G4qMLhpLW9WHW-2qsk5Bq-8Lwt3ll8ZoAN3bn-XFL3lUx5WknSheou-KGDT8oXnjmCSefdjSb9nOg7oGnH6locL-iIYAz9GOzuvG3OffTt5f3b8IYn3MCSgpF4lhSmVpu2d21T4ssi9V5BpsDIFibIsMesqLWijXWpAY8YphDEYR-garMV44QEbtbj2fcYBXaHUgFFJLrMsh9o4ibNmmc_spAA3ZnIjlAoiSDndlTGrwsmbxmSl53lFzKyiKMcsGd5a9iAd19C_I3kPtASxHR6g4lVR8arrFG_MnpG2VH2_6mAoqin6fFy6FvmYvQgUBLPRUh3PhVl3XfXx0_d_IPr6ZYfoVSTyC2QHmNg7gWsi-K4dyoMdSjQWsDO8T7q94UpXEVpRMVGpkPjmRt__PPx8GKZJqTavdYt1pJEyFdmYPez3ycBZSeBAmLE--h8cf8xupRhS0p_1SXnARqvLtXvCbsLVqukunwYD8AslmGMK priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Biological Science Database dbid: M7P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELZg4YCEgJZHFwoYhAQ9pM3GiZ1wQaWigkupoKDeImfsVCvtJmGzW4n_ww9lxnHSrsRL4hpPLD_G45nxzDeMvTBJEZYg0VIFkEEsjQ6ySNsAwBoBtjBlqF2xCXV0lJ6eZsfe4db6sMpeJjpBbWogH_kewaqkExmF4k3zLaCqUfS66ktoXGXXCCVBuNC9414S41mW0qfLCTXZ87uz29SV3SXmlpTXduk6cqj9g2weNbO6_b3i6S6gw9v_O_Q77JZXPfl-xysb7IqtNtnNzm_Hu3SkTbbhD3vLX3lE6p277McJPS1Udq55o2ezqVnNOTIe5T9y0wd2cF0ZPl22fHopSJ2jTsy7aHNr-LkGesfn5iJS6TXf525pgtYFhdEIHeQtr0tuCX2Zt98b8vq0HPDGxe4r7ur-eYwHfoDie15M9T325fDdycH7wJd3CEAKtQxSnUlFUiMxUVhmaVKWEmIFRkQgkEUyNOYyA0orG2lQaMiGodaonqgCjEE15D4bVTj3LcYBb1ihAJWdRMRxAoW2AnuN4zI2kxTsmIl-l3Pw2OdUgmOWuwc9hTZQtwc5LWbueWPMguGvpsP--Av9W2KggZaQu92HenGWe0GQJ2mosrRMZSbLGEyB6mkIE0CrPMzKUuBQnxL75V0a7CB_8n1UJXDqKkzG7LmjIPSOisKDzvSqbfMPH7_-A9HnT2tELz1RWeNygPYpGTgnQgVbo9xeo0QZBGvNW3RY-lVp8wuWxz_7Q_Hr5mdDM3VKIX-VrVeeRogojMfsQXfwhpUVhDmEhvDDP3f-iN2IUAclV_wk22aj5WJlH7PrcL6ctosnTlb8BEFkdmc priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Treponema pallidum genetic diversity and its implications for targeted vaccine development: A cross-sectional study of early syphilis cases in Southwestern Colombia |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39028747 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3082816203 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3082833204 https://doaj.org/article/580798f8696f4cdb9290c1c44609ff3e http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307600 |
| Volume | 19 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001273208200011&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Agricultural Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M0K dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Materials Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: KB. dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVATS databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: FPL dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/ providerName: Public Library of Science |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1fb9MwELfYxgMSAjb-rDCKQUiwh4w0TuyEt27axDQ2om1MhZfIPTuoUptWSzuJ78MH5c5xO4qYgJd7aM6ufT6f7-zzz4y9Nkk_LEFipAogg1gaHWSRtgGANQJs35Shdo9NqJOTtNfL8utA8bcTfKE677xMdybjyu6QSuISvcLWIiElpXAd5B_nlhfnrpT-etxNJZeWH4fSv7DFq5PhuL7Z0XQLzsH9_23qA3bPu5a82-jCOrtlqw12t9mX4811ow227idzzd96xOnth-zHOR0dVHak-UQPhwMzG3FULLrfyM08cYPryvDBtOaDX5LQOfq8vMkmt4ZfaaBzem6uM5He8y53oghql_RFLXSQtnxcckvoyrz-PqFdnZoDrqhYfcXdu34ew4HvoXke9Qf6Eft8sH--9yHwzzcEIIWaBqnOpCKrkJgoLLM0KUsJsQIjIhCoAhkGa5kBpZWNNCgMVMNQa3Q_VB-MQTfjMVutsO-bjAOuoEIBOjOJiOME-toKrDWOy9h0UrAtJuajWoDHNqcnNoaFO7BTGOM0Y1CQMAs_NC0WLEpNGmyPv_DvksIseAmZ2_2AOlD4iV4kaaiytExlJssYTB_dzxA6gFF3mJWlwKa-IHUrmmuuC_tSdNFVwK6rMGmxV46D0DkqSv_5pmd1XRx-uvgHprPTJaY3nqkcozhA-ysX2CdC_Vri3FriRBsDS583aXLMpVIXBHKUdmQUCiw5nzB__vxy8ZkqpZS-yo5nnkeIKIxb7Ekz0RaSFYQphIHu05v_9xm7E6F_SdvsnWyLrU4vZ_Y5uw1X00F92WYr6vSCaE85miJN9zpttra7f5Kftt3WS9tZD6RHuztIj8Mjoip39AxpnnzFEvnhcf7lJ2G1cUg |
| linkProvider | Public Library of Science |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1R1db9Mw0BoDCSQEbHysMJhBIOAhWxondoKEUBlMmzbGNMq0t-CenalSl5SmHdr_4ZnfyF3idKvE18seeI0vln2-T_s-GHtqop6fgURPFUB6oTTaSwJtPQBrBNieyXxdNZtQu7vx4WGyN8d-NLkwFFbZyMRKUJsC6I58jcqqxG0Z-OLN8KtHXaPodbVpoVGTxbY9_YYuW_l66x2e77Mg2HjfXd_0XFcBD6RQYy_WiVRErJEJ_CyJoyyTECowIgCBK0vQh0gMKK1soEGh_-T7WqNWVD0wBrUfznuJXUY53qYQMrV_0Eh-lB1SuvQ8odprjhpWh0VuV4mZJOXRnVN_VZeAqS6YHw6K8veGbqXwNm7-b6i6xW4405p3al5YYHM2X2TX63tJXqdbLbIFJ8xK_sJV3H55m33v0tNJbo81H-rBoG8mxxwZi_I7uWkCV7jODe-PS94_F4TP0ebndTS9NfxEA8UpcHMWifWKd3h1FF5ZBb3RCquSvrzIuKXq0rw8HdKtVskBLQqcPudVX0NXw4Kvo3o67vX1Hfb5QrB3l83nuPclxgEtCKEAjblIhGEEPW0FzhqGWWjaMdgWEw1VpeBqu1OLkUFaPVgq9PHqM0gJmamjxRbzpn8N69omf4F_SwQ7haXK5NWHYnSUOkGXRrGvkjiLZSKzEEwPzW8f2hCG0k-yTOBSV4jc0zrNdypf0w6aSrh15Uct9qSCoOokOYU_HelJWaZbHw_-AejT_gzQcweUFYgO0C7lBPdEVc9mIJdnIFHGwszwEjFng5UyPWMx_LNhwl8PP54O06QU0pjbYuJghAj8sMXu1Yw-xaygmkro6N__8-Qr7Opm98NOurO1u_2AXQvQ3qZnh3ayzObHo4l9yK7Aybhfjh5VcoqzLxfN7T8BRWTTRg |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1R3LbtQw0CoLQkgIaHl0oVCDQMAhbTZO7AQJoaWloioqFRTUW_COnWqlbbJsdov6P3wFX8dM4qRdidelB67xxLLH87TnwdhjEw38DCR6qgDSC6XRXhJo6wFYI8AOTObrqtmE2t2NDw6SvQX2o8mFobDKRiZWgtoUQHfk61RWJe7JwBfrmQuL2NvcejX-6lEHKXppbdpp1CSyY0--oftWvtzexLN-EgRbb_Y33nquw4AHUqipF-tEKiLcyAR-lsRRlkkIFRgRgMBVJuhPJAaUVjbQoNCX8n2tUUOqARiDmhDnvcAuKoFUTFnqG214CcoRKV2qnlC9dUcZa-Mit2vEWJJy6s6owqpjQKsXOuNRUf7e6K2U39b1_xltN9g1Z3Lzfs0ji2zB5kvsan1fyes0rCW26IRcyZ-5StzPb7Lv-_Skktsjzcd6NBqa2RFHhqO8T26agBauc8OH05IPzwTnc_QFeB1lbw0_1kDxC9ycRmi94H1eHYtXVsFwtMKq1C8vMm6p6jQvT8Z021VyQEsDp8951e_Q1bbgG6i2jgZDfYt9Ohfs3WadHPe-zDigZSEUoJEXiTCMYKCtwFnDMAtNLwbbZaKhsBRczXdqPTJKq4dMhb5ffQYpITN1dNllXvvXuK558hf410S8LSxVLK8-FJPD1AnANIp9lcRZLBOZhWAGaJb70IMwlH6SZQKXukqkn9bpv63cTftoQuHWlR912aMKgqqW5ETIh3pWlun2-8__APTxwxzQUweUFYgO0C4VBfdE1dDmIFfmIFH2wtzwMjFqg5UyPWU3_LNhyF8PP2yHaVIKdcxtMXMwQgR-2GV3aqZvMSuo1pIK1d0_T77KLiOTp--2d3fusSsBmuH0GtFLVlhnOpnZ--wSHE-H5eRBJbI4-3LezP4TKwzboQ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Treponema+pallidum+genetic+diversity+and+its+implications+for+targeted+vaccine+development%3A+A+cross-sectional+study+of+early+syphilis+cases+in+Southwestern+Colombia&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Salazar%2C+Juan+C&rft.au=Vargas-Cely%2C+Fabio&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Luna%2C+Jonny+A&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+Lady+G&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0307600&rft.externalDocID=A801937705 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |