The influence of a single bout of aerobic exercise on short-interval intracortical excitability

Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further e...

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Vydáno v:	Experimental brain research Ročník 232; číslo 6; s. 1875 - 1882
Hlavní autoři:	Smith, Ashleigh E., Goldsworthy, Mitchell R., Garside, Tessa, Wood, Fiona M., Ridding, Michael C.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2014 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Adult Aerobic exercise Aerobic exercises Aerobics Analysis of Variance Bicycles Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain Brain research Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Changes Conditioning Cortex Electromyography Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology Exercise Exercise - physiology Experiments Female Females Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heart rate Humans Inhibition Magnetic brain stimulation Male Metabolism Middle Aged Motor Cortex - physiology Neural Inhibition Neurology Neuroplasticity Neurosciences Physical activity Physical fitness Physiological aspects Plasticity Questionnaires Research Article Resting Stimulus Surveys and Questionnaires Thresholds Time Factors Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Young Adult Australia GABA Transcranial magnetic stimulation Short-interval intracortical inhibition Physical activity Motor cortex Physical exercise Motor pathway Central nervous system Excitability Encephalon
ISSN:	0014-4819, 1432-1106, 1432-1106
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Abstract	Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus–response curves [90 % resting motor threshold (RMT)–150 % RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80 % active motor threshold (AMT) and 90 % AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low–moderate or moderate–high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise ( F [2, 24] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise.
AbstractList	Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90% resting motor threshold (RMT)-150% RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80% active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise (F [2, 24] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise. Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90 % resting motor threshold (RMT)-150 % RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80 % active motor threshold (AMT) and 90 % AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise (F ^sub [2, 24]^ = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90 % resting motor threshold (RMT)-150 % RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 plus or minus 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80 % active motor threshold (AMT) and 90 % AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 plus or minus 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise (F sub([2, 24]) = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise. Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus–response curves [90 % resting motor threshold (RMT)–150 % RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80 % active motor threshold (AMT) and 90 % AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low–moderate or moderate–high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise ( F [2, 24] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise. Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90% resting motor threshold (RMT)-150% RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80% active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise (F [2, 24] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise.Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90% resting motor threshold (RMT)-150% RMT] were investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80% active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise (F [2, 24] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise. Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90 % resting motor threshold (RMT)-150 ere investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80 % active motor threshold (AMT) and 90 % AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise ([F.sub.[2, 24]] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise. Keywords Motor cortex * Short-interval intracortical inhibition * GAB[A.sub.A] * Transcranial magnetic stimulation * Physical activity Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of exercise may promote plasticity within the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely promotes plasticity are not clear. To further explore the effects of acute exercise on cortical function, we examined whether a single bout of exercise was associated with changes in cortical excitability and inhibition. Using standard techniques, cortical stimulus-response curves [90 % resting motor threshold (RMT)-150 ere investigated in nine subjects (four females, 31.1 ± 11.7 years) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) [interstimulus interval 2 ms and 3 ms, conditioning intensities of 80 % active motor threshold (AMT) and 90 % AMT] in 13 subjects (six females, 28.4 ± 5.1 years) before and at 0 and 15 min following 30 min of ergometer cycling at low-moderate or moderate-high intensity. There were no changes in cortical excitability following exercise but less SICI at both 0 and 15 min post-exercise ([F.sub.[2, 24]] = 7.7, P = 0.003). These findings show that a short period of exercise can transiently reduce SICI. Such a change in inhibition after exercise may contribute to the development of a cortical environment that would be more optimal for plasticity and may partially explain previous findings of enhanced neuroplasticity following low-intensity exercise.
Audience	Academic
Author	Ridding, Michael C. Garside, Tessa Smith, Ashleigh E. Goldsworthy, Mitchell R. Wood, Fiona M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ashleigh E. surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Ashleigh E. email: ashleigh.smith@unisa.edu.au organization: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, Exercise for Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, The University of South Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Mitchell R. surname: Goldsworthy fullname: Goldsworthy, Mitchell R. organization: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide – sequence: 3 givenname: Tessa surname: Garside fullname: Garside, Tessa organization: School of Surgery, University of Western Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Fiona M. surname: Wood fullname: Wood, Fiona M. organization: School of Surgery, University of Western Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael C. surname: Ridding fullname: Ridding, Michael C. organization: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide
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Keywords	GABA Transcranial magnetic stimulation Short-interval intracortical inhibition Physical activity Motor cortex Physical exercise Motor pathway Central nervous system Excitability Encephalon
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Snippet	Regular physical activity can have positive effects on brain function and plasticity. Indeed, there is some limited evidence that even a single bout of...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aerobic exercise Aerobic exercises Aerobics Analysis of Variance Bicycles Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain Brain research Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Changes Conditioning Cortex Electromyography Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology Exercise Exercise - physiology Experiments Female Females Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heart rate Humans Inhibition Magnetic brain stimulation Male Metabolism Middle Aged Motor Cortex - physiology Neural Inhibition Neurology Neuroplasticity Neurosciences Physical activity Physical fitness Physiological aspects Plasticity Questionnaires Research Article Resting Stimulus Surveys and Questionnaires Thresholds Time Factors Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Young Adult
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Title	The influence of a single bout of aerobic exercise on short-interval intracortical excitability
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