Factors Associated with High Prevalence of Multibacillary Leprosy in West Bengal: A Case-Control Study
Background: High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Indian journal of public health Jg. 68; H. 2; S. 157 - 162 |
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India
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
01.04.2024
Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
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| Abstract | Background:
High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.
Objectives:
This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.
Materials and Methods:
This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.
Objectives:
MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.
Results:
Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.
Conclusion:
This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.
This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.
This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.
MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.
Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.
This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal. This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal. MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable. Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay. This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. Background: High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal. Objectives: MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay. Conclusion: This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. Keywords: Case-control studies, diagnostic delay, gender, leprosy, marital status Background:High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.Objectives:This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.Materials and Methods:This case–control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.Objectives:MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.Results:Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.Conclusion:This study identified a vulnerable group – married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. Background: High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal. Objectives: MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay. Conclusion: This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.BACKGROUNDHigh proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.This study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.OBJECTIVESThis study aimed to find out the factors associated with the high burden of MB leprosy in West Bengal.This case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2022 in three high-endemic districts (annual new case detection rate ≥10/lakh) of West Bengal.MB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.OBJECTIVESMB cases registered under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme were considered as case and paucibacillary (PB) cases were considered as control. Weighted sample sizes for cases and controls in each of the three districts were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered leprosy patients. Requisite data were collected through structured interview with a validated questionnaire in Bengali. R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021, Vienna, Austria) was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was prepared with the type of leprosy as a dependent variable.Three hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.RESULTSThree hundred and ninety-eight individuals, 204 MB and 194 PB, participated in this study with 1.97% nonresponse rate. Gender, marital status, and diagnostic delay (adjusted odds ratio = 2.75 [1.66,4.65]) were associated with developing MB. Not perceiving the symptoms seriously (90, 56% [PB], 97, 51% [MB]), lack of knowledge about the disease and its complications (47, 29% [PB], 53, 28% [MB]), delayed referral by the private practitioners (11, 7% [PB], 22, 12% [MB]) were the major reasons of delay.This study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease.CONCLUSIONThis study identified a vulnerable group - married and migrated males. Changing from annual screening to quarterly screening along with capacity building and awareness generation of the targeted population is the need of the hour for eradicating the disease. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Roy, Pritam Ray, Soumalya Mukhopadhyay, Dipta Kanti Biswas, Asit Kumar Sarkar, Tarun Kumar Chatterjee, Supantha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dipta Kanti surname: Mukhopadhyay fullname: Mukhopadhyay, Dipta Kanti – sequence: 2 givenname: Tarun Kumar surname: Sarkar fullname: Sarkar, Tarun Kumar – sequence: 3 givenname: Supantha surname: Chatterjee fullname: Chatterjee, Supantha – sequence: 4 givenname: Soumalya surname: Ray fullname: Ray, Soumalya – sequence: 5 givenname: Pritam surname: Roy fullname: Roy, Pritam – sequence: 6 givenname: Asit Kumar surname: Biswas fullname: Biswas, Asit Kumar |
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| Snippet | Background:
High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.
Objectives:
This study aimed to find... High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. This study aimed to find out the factors associated... Background: High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to find... High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge. This study aimed to find out the factors associated... Background:High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.Objectives:This study aimed to find out... High proportion of multibacillary (MB) among newly diagnosed leprosy cases poses a public health challenge.BACKGROUNDHigh proportion of multibacillary (MB)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Analysis At risk populations Capacity development Case studies Case-Control Studies Child Data analysis Delayed Diagnosis - statistics & numerical data Dependent variables diagnostic delay Female gender Humans India - epidemiology Information management Leprosy Leprosy, Multibacillary - epidemiology Male marital status Middle Aged Original Article Prevalence Public health Random sampling Regression models Risk Factors Sex Factors Socioeconomic Factors Statistical analysis Young Adult |
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| Title | Factors Associated with High Prevalence of Multibacillary Leprosy in West Bengal: A Case-Control Study |
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