Human challenge study with a Shigella bioconjugate vaccine: Analyses of clinical efficacy and correlate of protection

Shigellosis is a major cause of moderate to severe diarrhoea and dysentery in children under 5 years of age in low and middle-income countries. The Flexyn2a vaccine conjugates the O-polysaccharide of Shigella flexneri 2a to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. We describe a Phase 2b proof-of-concept c...

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Vydáno v:	EBioMedicine Ročník 66; s. 103310
Hlavní autoři:	Talaat, Kawsar R., Alaimo, Cristina, Martin, Patricia, Bourgeois, A. Louis, Dreyer, Anita M., Kaminski, Robert W., Porter, Chad K., Chakraborty, Subhra, Clarkson, Kristen A., Brubaker, Jessica, Elwood, Daniel, Frölich, Rahel, DeNearing, Barbara, Weerts, Hailey, Feijoo, Brittany L., Halpern, Jane, Sack, David, Riddle, Mark S., Fonck, Veronica Gambillara
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2021 Elsevier
Témata:	Advanced Basic Science Bioconjugate vaccine Controlled human challenge study Internal Medicine Research Paper Shigella Shigella flexneri 2a Vaccine Controlled human challenge study Vaccine Shigella flexneri 2a Bioconjugate vaccine Shigella
ISSN:	2352-3964, 2352-3964
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Shrnutí:	Shigellosis is a major cause of moderate to severe diarrhoea and dysentery in children under 5 years of age in low and middle-income countries. The Flexyn2a vaccine conjugates the O-polysaccharide of Shigella flexneri 2a to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. We describe a Phase 2b proof-of-concept challenge study that evaluated safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the Flexyn2a vaccine to protect against shigellosis. In this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults were randomized 1:1 to receive Flexyn2a (10 µg) or placebo intramuscularly, twice, 4 weeks apart, followed by challenge 4 weeks later with 1500 colony forming units (CFUs) of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T. The primary outcome was vaccine-induced protection. S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific immune responses were assessed. Sixty-seven subjects were enrolled, 34 received vaccine and 33 placebo. The vaccine was well tolerated; the majority of adverse events were mild in nature. Thirty vaccinees and 29 placebo recipients received the S. flexneri 2a challenge. Vaccination resulted in a 30.2% reduction in shigellosis compared with placebo (13/30 vs. 18/29; p = 0.11; 95% CI -15 to 62.6). Vaccine efficacy was more robust against severe disease, reaching 51.7% (p = 0.015, 95% CI 5.3 to 77.9) against moderate/severe diarrhoea or dysentery concurrent with fever or severe enteric symptoms and 72.4% (p = 0.07) against more severe diarrhoea (≥10 lose stools or ≥1000 g loose stools/24 h). Vaccinated subjects were less likely to need early antibiotic intervention following challenge (protective efficacy 51.7%, p = 0.01; 95% CI 9 to 76.8). In those who developed shigellosis, vaccinated subjects had a lower disease severity score (p = 0.002) than placebo-recipients. Additionally, LPS-specific serum IgG responses in Flexyn2a recipients were associated with protection against disease (p = 0.0016) and with a decreased shigellosis disease score (p = 0.002). The Flexyn2a bioconjugate vaccine was immunogenic, well tolerated and protected against severe illness after Shigella challenge and is a promising Shigella vaccine construct. We identified a strong association between anti-S. flexneri 2a serum IgG and a reduction in disease outcomes. (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02646371.) Funding for this study was through a grant from the Wellcome Trust.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 These authors Contributed equally to this work
ISSN:	2352-3964 2352-3964
DOI:	10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103310