Automatic Segmentation of the Fetus in 3D Magnetic Resonance Images Using Deep Learning: Accurate and Fast Fetal Volume Quantification for Clinical Use

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1) validate an algorithm to automatically quantify fetal volume by MRI; (2) compare fetal weight by Hadlock’s formulas to that of MRI; and (3) quanti...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Pediatric cardiology Jg. 44; H. 6; S. 1311 - 1318
Hauptverfasser:	Ryd, Daniel, Nilsson, Amanda, Heiberg, Einar, Hedström, Erik
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York Springer US 01.08.2023 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Agreements Algorithms Amniotic fluid Cardiac Surgery Cardiology Clinical Medicine Comparative analysis Coronary vessels Deep Learning Engineering and Technology Fetal Weight Fetus - diagnostic imaging Fetuses Gestational Age Humans Klinisk medicin Magnetic Resonance Imaging Medical and Health Sciences Medical Engineering Medical Imaging Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Medicine & Public Health Medicinsk bildvetenskap Medicinteknik Neural networks Physiological aspects Placenta Pregnancy R&D Radiologi och bildbehandling Radiology and Medical Imaging Research & development Teknik Three dimensional imaging Ultrasonic imaging Umbilical cord Vascular Surgery Veins & arteries Sweden Fetal weight Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Prenatal diagnosis
ISSN:	0172-0643, 1432-1971, 1432-1971
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Abstract	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1) validate an algorithm to automatically quantify fetal volume by MRI; (2) compare fetal weight by Hadlock’s formulas to that of MRI; and (3) quantify fetal blood flow and index flow to fetal weight by MRI. Forty-two fetuses at 36 (29–39) weeks gestation underwent MRI. A neural network was trained to segment the fetus, with 20 datasets for training and validation, and 22 for testing. Hadlock’s formulas 1–4 with biometric parameters from MRI were compared with weight by MRI. Blood flow was measured using phase-contrast MRI and indexed to fetal weight. Bland–Altman analysis assessed the agreement between automatic and manual fetal segmentation and the agreement between Hadlock’s formulas and fetal segmentation for fetal weight. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were for automatic versus manual measurements 4.5 ± 351 ml (0.01% ± 11%), and for Hadlock 1–4 vs MRI 108 ± 435 g (3% ± 14%), 211 ± 468 g (7% ± 15%), 106 ± 425 g (4% ± 14%), and 179 ± 472 g (6% ± 15%), respectively. Umbilical venous flow was 406 (range 151–650) ml/min (indexed 162 (range 52–220) ml/min/kg), and descending aortic flow was 763 (range 481–1160) ml/min (indexed 276 (range 189–386) ml/min/kg). The automatic method showed good agreement with manual measurements and saves considerable analysis time. Hadlock 1–4 generally agree with MRI. This study also illustrates the confounding effects of fetal weight on absolute blood flow, and emphasizes the benefit of indexed measurements for physiological assessment.
AbstractList	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1) validate an algorithm to automatically quantify fetal volume by MRI; (2) compare fetal weight by Hadlock's formulas to that of MRI; and (3) quantify fetal blood flow and index flow to fetal weight by MRI. Forty-two fetuses at 36 (29-39) weeks gestation underwent MRI. A neural network was trained to segment the fetus, with 20 datasets for training and validation, and 22 for testing. Hadlock's formulas 1-4 with biometric parameters from MRI were compared with weight by MRI. Blood flow was measured using phase-contrast MRI and indexed to fetal weight. Bland-Altman analysis assessed the agreement between automatic and manual fetal segmentation and the agreement between Hadlock's formulas and fetal segmentation for fetal weight. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were for automatic versus manual measurements 4.5 ± 351 ml (0.01% ± 11%), and for Hadlock 1-4 vs MRI 108 ± 435 g (3% ± 14%), 211 ± 468 g (7% ± 15%), 106 ± 425 g (4% ± 14%), and 179 ± 472 g (6% ± 15%), respectively. Umbilical venous flow was 406 (range 151-650) ml/min (indexed 162 (range 52-220) ml/min/kg), and descending aortic flow was 763 (range 481-1160) ml/min (indexed 276 (range 189-386) ml/min/kg). The automatic method showed good agreement with manual measurements and saves considerable analysis time. Hadlock 1-4 generally agree with MRI. This study also illustrates the confounding effects of fetal weight on absolute blood flow, and emphasizes the benefit of indexed measurements for physiological assessment.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1) validate an algorithm to automatically quantify fetal volume by MRI; (2) compare fetal weight by Hadlock's formulas to that of MRI; and (3) quantify fetal blood flow and index flow to fetal weight by MRI. Forty-two fetuses at 36 (29-39) weeks gestation underwent MRI. A neural network was trained to segment the fetus, with 20 datasets for training and validation, and 22 for testing. Hadlock's formulas 1-4 with biometric parameters from MRI were compared with weight by MRI. Blood flow was measured using phase-contrast MRI and indexed to fetal weight. Bland-Altman analysis assessed the agreement between automatic and manual fetal segmentation and the agreement between Hadlock's formulas and fetal segmentation for fetal weight. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were for automatic versus manual measurements 4.5 ± 351 ml (0.01% ± 11%), and for Hadlock 1-4 vs MRI 108 ± 435 g (3% ± 14%), 211 ± 468 g (7% ± 15%), 106 ± 425 g (4% ± 14%), and 179 ± 472 g (6% ± 15%), respectively. Umbilical venous flow was 406 (range 151-650) ml/min (indexed 162 (range 52-220) ml/min/kg), and descending aortic flow was 763 (range 481-1160) ml/min (indexed 276 (range 189-386) ml/min/kg). The automatic method showed good agreement with manual measurements and saves considerable analysis time. Hadlock 1-4 generally agree with MRI. This study also illustrates the confounding effects of fetal weight on absolute blood flow, and emphasizes the benefit of indexed measurements for physiological assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1) validate an algorithm to automatically quantify fetal volume by MRI; (2) compare fetal weight by Hadlock's formulas to that of MRI; and (3) quantify fetal blood flow and index flow to fetal weight by MRI. Forty-two fetuses at 36 (29-39) weeks gestation underwent MRI. A neural network was trained to segment the fetus, with 20 datasets for training and validation, and 22 for testing. Hadlock's formulas 1-4 with biometric parameters from MRI were compared with weight by MRI. Blood flow was measured using phase-contrast MRI and indexed to fetal weight. Bland-Altman analysis assessed the agreement between automatic and manual fetal segmentation and the agreement between Hadlock's formulas and fetal segmentation for fetal weight. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were for automatic versus manual measurements 4.5 ± 351 ml (0.01% ± 11%), and for Hadlock 1-4 vs MRI 108 ± 435 g (3% ± 14%), 211 ± 468 g (7% ± 15%), 106 ± 425 g (4% ± 14%), and 179 ± 472 g (6% ± 15%), respectively. Umbilical venous flow was 406 (range 151-650) ml/min (indexed 162 (range 52-220) ml/min/kg), and descending aortic flow was 763 (range 481-1160) ml/min (indexed 276 (range 189-386) ml/min/kg). The automatic method showed good agreement with manual measurements and saves considerable analysis time. Hadlock 1-4 generally agree with MRI. This study also illustrates the confounding effects of fetal weight on absolute blood flow, and emphasizes the benefit of indexed measurements for physiological assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1) validate an algorithm to automatically quantify fetal volume by MRI; (2) compare fetal weight by Hadlock’s formulas to that of MRI; and (3) quantify fetal blood flow and index flow to fetal weight by MRI. Forty-two fetuses at 36 (29–39) weeks gestation underwent MRI. A neural network was trained to segment the fetus, with 20 datasets for training and validation, and 22 for testing. Hadlock’s formulas 1–4 with biometric parameters from MRI were compared with weight by MRI. Blood flow was measured using phase-contrast MRI and indexed to fetal weight. Bland–Altman analysis assessed the agreement between automatic and manual fetal segmentation and the agreement between Hadlock’s formulas and fetal segmentation for fetal weight. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were for automatic versus manual measurements 4.5 ± 351 ml (0.01% ± 11%), and for Hadlock 1–4 vs MRI 108 ± 435 g (3% ± 14%), 211 ± 468 g (7% ± 15%), 106 ± 425 g (4% ± 14%), and 179 ± 472 g (6% ± 15%), respectively. Umbilical venous flow was 406 (range 151–650) ml/min (indexed 162 (range 52–220) ml/min/kg), and descending aortic flow was 763 (range 481–1160) ml/min (indexed 276 (range 189–386) ml/min/kg). The automatic method showed good agreement with manual measurements and saves considerable analysis time. Hadlock 1–4 generally agree with MRI. This study also illustrates the confounding effects of fetal weight on absolute blood flow, and emphasizes the benefit of indexed measurements for physiological assessment.
Audience	Academic
Author	Heiberg, Einar Hedström, Erik Ryd, Daniel Nilsson, Amanda
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36334112$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Fetal weight Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Prenatal diagnosis
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Snippet	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides images for estimating fetal volume and weight, but manual delineations are time consuming. The aims were to (1)...
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SubjectTerms	Agreements Algorithms Amniotic fluid Cardiac Surgery Cardiology Clinical Medicine Comparative analysis Coronary vessels Deep Learning Engineering and Technology Fetal Weight Fetus - diagnostic imaging Fetuses Gestational Age Humans Klinisk medicin Magnetic Resonance Imaging Medical and Health Sciences Medical Engineering Medical Imaging Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Medicine & Public Health Medicinsk bildvetenskap Medicinteknik Neural networks Physiological aspects Placenta Pregnancy R&D Radiologi och bildbehandling Radiology and Medical Imaging Research & development Teknik Three dimensional imaging Ultrasonic imaging Umbilical cord Vascular Surgery Veins & arteries
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Title	Automatic Segmentation of the Fetus in 3D Magnetic Resonance Images Using Deep Learning: Accurate and Fast Fetal Volume Quantification for Clinical Use
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