The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China

The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional...

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Vydané v:	Journal of adolescent health Ročník 67; číslo 6; s. 747 - 755
Hlavní autori:	Zhang, Caiyun, Ye, Maolin, Fu, Yunwei, Yang, Minyi, Luo, Fen, Yuan, Jinhua, Tao, Qian
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2020 Elsevier BV Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
Predmet:	Adaptation, Psychological Adolescent Adolescent Health Adolescents Anxiety Anxiety - psychology Children & youth China Coping Coping style COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Depression - psychology Female Health status Humans Learning outcomes Male Mental depression Mental Health Middle school students Middle schools Original Pandemic Pandemics Polls & surveys Protective factors Psychological distress Psychological trauma Psychological well being Questionnaires Resilience Resilience (Psychology) Risk factors SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification Schools Secondary school students Stress Stress, Psychological - psychology Students Students - statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires Symptoms Teenagers Trauma Trauma-related distress China Depression Pandemic Anxiety Stress Trauma-related distress
ISSN:	1054-139X, 1879-1972, 1879-1972
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Abstract	The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health.
AbstractList	Purpose: The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results: Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health. The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health. The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic.PURPOSEThe 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic.A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire.METHODSA cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire.Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05).RESULTSOur sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05).During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health.CONCLUSIONSDuring the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health.
Author	Luo, Fen Yuan, Jinhua Tao, Qian Zhang, Caiyun Ye, Maolin Fu, Yunwei Yang, Minyi
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Caiyun surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Caiyun organization: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Maolin surname: Ye fullname: Ye, Maolin organization: School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yunwei surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Yunwei organization: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Minyi surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Minyi organization: School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Fen surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Fen organization: School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinhua surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Jinhua organization: School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Qian orcidid: 0000-0002-9725-1871 surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Qian email: taoqian16@jnu.edu.cn organization: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041204$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine Copyright © 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 2020 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved. 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
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Issue	6
Keywords	Depression Pandemic Anxiety Stress Trauma-related distress
Language	English
License	Copyright © 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to the study.
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Snippet	The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in... Purpose: The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school...
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SubjectTerms	Adaptation, Psychological Adolescent Adolescent Health Adolescents Anxiety Anxiety - psychology Children & youth China Coping Coping style COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Depression - psychology Female Health status Humans Learning outcomes Male Mental depression Mental Health Middle school students Middle schools Original Pandemic Pandemics Polls & surveys Protective factors Psychological distress Psychological trauma Psychological well being Questionnaires Resilience Resilience (Psychology) Risk factors SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification Schools Secondary school students Stress Stress, Psychological - psychology Students Students - statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires Symptoms Teenagers Trauma Trauma-related distress
Title	The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China
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