The Effect of Social Support on Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents During the Outbreak of COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak. A total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14–18 years completed...

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Published in:	Journal of adolescent health Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 514 - 518
Main Authors:	Qi, Meng, Zhou, Shuang-Jiang, Guo, Zhao-Chang, Zhang, Li-Gang, Min, Hong-Jie, Li, Xiao-Min, Chen, Jing-Xu
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2020 Elsevier BV Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
Subjects:	Adolescent Adolescents Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety disorders Betacoronavirus China China - epidemiology Chinese languages Coronavirus Infections - psychology COVID-19 Depression Depression - epidemiology Female Generalized anxiety disorder Health problems Health status Health Surveys Humans Male Mental depression Mental disorders Mental health Mental health care Original Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - psychology Prevalence Psychology, Adolescent SARS-CoV-2 Social anxiety Social Support Symptoms Teenagers China COVID-19 Depression Anxiety China Adolescent Social support
ISSN:	1054-139X, 1879-1972, 1879-1972
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Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak. A total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14–18 years completed online survceys from March 8 to 15, 2020, in China. Researchers assessed the associations between depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety symptoms (Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), and social support (Social Support Rate Scale). COVID-19 exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04–1.52). Only 24.6% of adolescents reported high levels of social support. Most adolescents (70%) reported medium levels of support, and 5.4% reported low support. Low support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 3.38–5.33) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.54–3.98), while controlling for gender, grade, living situation, and COVID-19 exposure; similarly, medium support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 2.48–3.15) and anxiety (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.94–2.48) symptoms. This study indicates there is a higher prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents with medium and low levels of social support in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.
AbstractList	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak.PURPOSEThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak.A total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14-18 years completed online survceys from March 8 to 15, 2020, in China. Researchers assessed the associations between depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety symptoms (Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), and social support (Social Support Rate Scale).METHODSA total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14-18 years completed online survceys from March 8 to 15, 2020, in China. Researchers assessed the associations between depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety symptoms (Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), and social support (Social Support Rate Scale).COVID-19 exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52). Only 24.6% of adolescents reported high levels of social support. Most adolescents (70%) reported medium levels of support, and 5.4% reported low support. Low support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 3.38-5.33) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.54-3.98), while controlling for gender, grade, living situation, and COVID-19 exposure; similarly, medium support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 2.48-3.15) and anxiety (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.94-2.48) symptoms.RESULTSCOVID-19 exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52). Only 24.6% of adolescents reported high levels of social support. Most adolescents (70%) reported medium levels of support, and 5.4% reported low support. Low support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 3.38-5.33) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.54-3.98), while controlling for gender, grade, living situation, and COVID-19 exposure; similarly, medium support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 2.48-3.15) and anxiety (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.94-2.48) symptoms.This study indicates there is a higher prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents with medium and low levels of social support in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates there is a higher prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents with medium and low levels of social support in China during the outbreak of COVID-19. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak. A total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14–18 years completed online survceys from March 8 to 15, 2020, in China. Researchers assessed the associations between depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety symptoms (Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), and social support (Social Support Rate Scale). COVID-19 exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04–1.52). Only 24.6% of adolescents reported high levels of social support. Most adolescents (70%) reported medium levels of support, and 5.4% reported low support. Low support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 3.38–5.33) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.54–3.98), while controlling for gender, grade, living situation, and COVID-19 exposure; similarly, medium support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 2.48–3.15) and anxiety (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.94–2.48) symptoms. This study indicates there is a higher prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents with medium and low levels of social support in China during the outbreak of COVID-19. Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak. Methods: A total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14–18 years completed online survceys from March 8 to 15, 2020, in China. Researchers assessed the associations between depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety symptoms (Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), and social support (Social Support Rate Scale). Results: COVID-19 exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04–1.52). Only 24.6% of adolescents reported high levels of social support. Most adolescents (70%) reported medium levels of support, and 5.4% reported low support. Low support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 3.38–5.33) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.54–3.98), while controlling for gender, grade, living situation, and COVID-19 exposure; similarly, medium support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 2.48–3.15) and anxiety (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.94–2.48) symptoms. Conclusions: This study indicates there is a higher prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents with medium and low levels of social support in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Author	Li, Xiao-Min Zhou, Shuang-Jiang Qi, Meng Min, Hong-Jie Guo, Zhao-Chang Zhang, Li-Gang Chen, Jing-Xu
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Meng surname: Qi fullname: Qi, Meng organization: Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuang-Jiang surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Shuang-Jiang organization: Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhao-Chang surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Zhao-Chang organization: Department of Education Research, The First High School of Juxian, Rizhao, Shandong, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Li-Gang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Li-Gang organization: Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Hong-Jie surname: Min fullname: Min, Hong-Jie organization: Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiao-Min surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiao-Min organization: Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Jing-Xu orcidid: 0000-0003-2395-6120 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jing-Xu email: chenjx1110@163.com organization: Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32753347$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	COVID-19 Depression Anxiety China Adolescent Social support
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License	Copyright © 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work.
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adolescents Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety disorders Betacoronavirus China China - epidemiology Chinese languages Coronavirus Infections - psychology COVID-19 Depression Depression - epidemiology Female Generalized anxiety disorder Health problems Health status Health Surveys Humans Male Mental depression Mental disorders Mental health Mental health care Original Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - psychology Prevalence Psychology, Adolescent SARS-CoV-2 Social anxiety Social Support Symptoms Teenagers
Title	The Effect of Social Support on Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents During the Outbreak of COVID-19
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