Management of Tuberculosis Infection: Current Situation, Recent Developments and Operational Challenges

Tuberculosis infection (TBI) is defined as a state of infection in which individuals host live Mycobacterium tuberculosis with or without clinical signs of active TB. It is now understood as a dynamic process covering a spectrum of responses to infection resulting from the interaction between the TB...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 3; p. 362
Main Authors: Agbota, Gino, Bonnet, Maryline, Lienhardt, Christian
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.02.2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Analysis
Care and treatment
Coronaviruses
cost-effectiveness
COVID-19
Diagnosis
Disease prevention
Disease transmission
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune response
Immune system
Infections
Life Sciences
Medical personnel
Medicine, Preventive
Methods
Microbiology and Parasitology
mixed infection
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pandemics
people
Preventive health services
Public health
Review
risk
TB high- and low-burden countries
TB infection
TB preventive therapy
Tuberculosis
WHO recommendations
France
East Asia
cost-effectiveness
TB high- and low-burden countries
WHO recommendations
TB infection
TB preventive therapy
Cost-effectiveness
ISSN:2076-0817, 2076-0817
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Tuberculosis infection (TBI) is defined as a state of infection in which individuals host live Mycobacterium tuberculosis with or without clinical signs of active TB. It is now understood as a dynamic process covering a spectrum of responses to infection resulting from the interaction between the TB bacilli and the host immune system. The global burden of TBI is about one-quarter of the world’s population, representing a reservoir of approximately 2 billion people. On average, 5–10% of people who are infected will develop TB disease over the course of their lives, but this risk is enhanced in a series of conditions, such as co-infection with HIV. The End-TB strategy promotes the programmatic management of TBI as a crucial endeavor to achieving global targets to end the TB epidemic. The current development of new diagnostic tests capable of discriminating between simple TBI and active TB, combined with novel short-course preventive treatments, will help achieve this goal. In this paper, we present the current situation and recent developments of management of TBI and the operational challenges.
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PMCID: PMC10051832
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens12030362