Acid production in dental plaque after exposure to probiotic bacteria
Background The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC oral health Jg. 12; H. 1; S. 44 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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BioMed Central
24.10.2012
BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
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| Abstract | Background
The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
Methods
In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (
L. reuteri
DSM 17938
, L. plantarum
299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (
L. reuteri
DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods.
Results
Plaque suspensions with
L. reuteri
DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with
L. plantarum
299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112).
Trial registration
NCT01700712 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo. Methods In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods. Results Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112). Trial registration NCT01700712 The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo. In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods. Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05). Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112). The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo. In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods. Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05). Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112). NCT01700712. Doc number: 44 Abstract Background: The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo . Methods: In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods. Results: Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112). Trial registration: NCT01700712 Background The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo . Methods In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains ( L. reuteri DSM 17938 , L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli ( L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods. Results Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112). Trial registration NCT01700712 The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo.BACKGROUNDThe increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo.In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods.METHODSIn the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods.Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05).RESULTSPlaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05).Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112).CONCLUSIONLactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112).NCT01700712.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT01700712. Abstract Background The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an increased acidogenicity in dental plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on plaque lactic acid (LA) production in vitro and in vivo. Methods In the first part (A), suspensions of two lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri DSM 17938, L. plantarum 299v) were added to suspensions of supragingival dental plaque collected from healthy young adults (n=25). LA production after fermentation with either xylitol or fructose was analyzed. In the second part (B), subjects (n=18) were given lozenges with probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo for two weeks in a double-blinded, randomized cross-over trial. The concentration of LA in supragingival plaque samples was determined at baseline and after 2 weeks. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli were estimated with chair-side methods. Results Plaque suspensions with L. reuteri DSM 17938 produced significantly less LA compared with L. plantarum 299v or controls (p<0.05). Fructose gave higher LA concentrations than xylitol. In part B, there were no significant differences in LA production between baseline and follow up in any of the groups and no differences between test and placebo were displayed. The salivary MS counts were not significantly altered during the intervention but the lactobacilli counts increased significantly in the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion Lactic acid production in suspensions of plaque and probiotic lactobacilli was strain-dependant and the present study provides no evidence of an increase in plaque acidity by the supply of selected probiotic lactobacilli when challenged by fructose or xylitol. The study protocol was approved by The Danish National Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (protocol no H-2-2010-112). Trial registration NCT01700712 |
| ArticleNumber | 44 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Twetman, Svante Keller, Mette K |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mette K surname: Keller fullname: Keller, Mette K email: mke@sund.ku.dk organization: Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen – sequence: 2 givenname: Svante surname: Twetman fullname: Twetman, Svante organization: Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092239$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Keller and Twetman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Keller and Twetman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ©2012 Keller and Twetman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Keller and Twetman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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| Keywords | Xylitol Probiotic Bacterium Lactic Acid Production Dental Plaque Lactobacillus |
| Language | English |
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| References_xml | – volume: 69 start-page: 53 year: 2004 end-page: 56 ident: CR10 article-title: Probiotic treatment increases salivary counts of lactobacilli: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study publication-title: Digestion doi: 10.1159/000076559 – volume: 54 start-page: 602 year: 2009 end-page: 607 ident: CR17 article-title: Final pH affects the interference capacity of naturally occurring oral Lactobacillus strains against mutans streptococci publication-title: Arch Oral Biol doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.03.005 – volume: 11 start-page: 425 year: 2007 end-page: 429 ident: CR4 article-title: Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli publication-title: Clin Oral Investig doi: 10.1007/s00784-007-0129-9 – volume: 63 start-page: 317 year: 2005 end-page: 320 ident: CR2 article-title: Effect of yogurt with Bifidobacterium DN-173 010 on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.1080/00016350510020070 – volume: 69 start-page: 321 year: 2011 end-page: 327 ident: CR9 article-title: Reversal of primary root caries lesions after daily intake of milk supplemented with fluoride and probiotic lactobacilli in older adults publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.3109/00016357.2011.568962 – volume: 47 start-page: 799 year: 2002 end-page: 804 ident: CR6 article-title: Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors publication-title: Arch Oral Biol doi: 10.1016/S0003-9969(02)00112-7 – volume: 21 start-page: 129 year: 2006 end-page: 131 ident: CR23 article-title: Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the oral cavity publication-title: Oral Microbiol Immunol doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2006.00258.x – volume: 16 start-page: 797 year: 2011 end-page: 803 ident: CR13 article-title: Short-term consumption of probiotic lactobacilli has no effect on acid production of supragingival plaque publication-title: Clin Oral Investig doi: 10.1007/s00784-011-0584-1 – volume: 62 start-page: 618 year: 2011 end-page: 622 ident: CR18 article-title: Probiotic lactobacilli interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro publication-title: Curr Microbiol doi: 10.1007/s00284-010-9752-9 – volume: 49 start-page: 369 year: 2011 end-page: 72 ident: CR19 article-title: A novel delivery system of probiotic drop and its effect on dental caries risk factors in cleft lip/palate children publication-title: Cleft Palate Craniofac J doi: 10.1597/10-035 – volume: 19 start-page: 377 year: 2009 end-page: 381 ident: CR22 article-title: Oral colonization by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 after exposure to probiotics publication-title: Int J Paediatr Dent doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.00989.x – year: 2009 ident: CR11 publication-title: Changes in the oral microflora of occlusal surfaces of teeth with the onset of dental caries. PhD thesis – volume: 23 start-page: 482 year: 2008 end-page: 485 ident: CR12 article-title: Sugar fermentation in probiotic bacteria–an in vitro study publication-title: Oral Microbiol Immunol doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00457.x – volume: 1 year: 2009 ident: CR1 article-title: Prospects for the development of probiotics and prebiotics for oral applications publication-title: J Oral Microbiol – volume: 64 start-page: 314 year: 2006 end-page: 318 ident: CR3 article-title: Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.1080/00016350600801709 – volume: 95 start-page: 219 year: 2004 end-page: 223 ident: CR5 article-title: Lactobacillus reuteri in bovine milk fermented decreases the oral carriage of mutans streptococci publication-title: Int J Food Microbiol doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.006 – volume: 35 start-page: 412 year: 2001 end-page: 420 ident: CR7 article-title: Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children publication-title: Caries Res doi: 10.1159/000047484 – volume: 8 start-page: 383 year: 2010 end-page: 388 ident: CR20 article-title: Microbiological profiles in saliva and supragingival plaque from caries-active adolescents before and after a short-term daily intake of milk supplemented with probiotic bacteria - a pilot study publication-title: Oral Health Prev Dent – volume: 111 start-page: 1 year: 2008 end-page: 66 ident: CR21 article-title: Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics publication-title: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol – volume: 43 start-page: 374 year: 2009 end-page: 381 ident: CR8 article-title: Effect of long-term consumption of milk supplemented with probiotic lactobacilli and fluoride on dental caries and general health in preschool children: a cluster-randomized study publication-title: Caries Res doi: 10.1159/000235581 – volume: 42 start-page: 449 year: 2008 end-page: 453 ident: CR14 article-title: Acid production from sugars and sugar alcohols by probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro publication-title: Caries Res doi: 10.1159/000163020 – volume: 184 start-page: 29 year: 1998 end-page: 32 ident: CR15 article-title: Sugar substitutes, chewing gum and dental caries–a review publication-title: Br Dent J doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4809535 – volume: 69 start-page: 263 year: 2011 end-page: 268 ident: CR16 article-title: Co-aggregation and growth inhibition of probiotic lactobacilli and clinical isolates of mutans streptococci: an in vitro study publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.3109/00016357.2011.554863 – volume: 69 start-page: 263 year: 2011 ident: 237_CR16 publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.3109/00016357.2011.554863 – volume: 21 start-page: 129 year: 2006 ident: 237_CR23 publication-title: Oral Microbiol Immunol doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2006.00258.x – volume: 54 start-page: 602 year: 2009 ident: 237_CR17 publication-title: Arch Oral Biol doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.03.005 – volume: 11 start-page: 425 year: 2007 ident: 237_CR4 publication-title: Clin Oral Investig doi: 10.1007/s00784-007-0129-9 – volume: 63 start-page: 317 year: 2005 ident: 237_CR2 publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.1080/00016350510020070 – volume: 62 start-page: 618 year: 2011 ident: 237_CR18 publication-title: Curr Microbiol doi: 10.1007/s00284-010-9752-9 – volume: 69 start-page: 53 year: 2004 ident: 237_CR10 publication-title: Digestion doi: 10.1159/000076559 – volume: 16 start-page: 797 year: 2011 ident: 237_CR13 publication-title: Clin Oral Investig doi: 10.1007/s00784-011-0584-1 – volume: 69 start-page: 321 year: 2011 ident: 237_CR9 publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.3109/00016357.2011.568962 – volume: 43 start-page: 374 year: 2009 ident: 237_CR8 publication-title: Caries Res doi: 10.1159/000235581 – volume: 49 start-page: 369 year: 2011 ident: 237_CR19 publication-title: Cleft Palate Craniofac J doi: 10.1597/10-035 – volume-title: J Oral Microbiol year: 2009 ident: 237_CR1 – volume: 64 start-page: 314 year: 2006 ident: 237_CR3 publication-title: Acta Odontol Scand doi: 10.1080/00016350600801709 – volume: 42 start-page: 449 year: 2008 ident: 237_CR14 publication-title: Caries Res doi: 10.1159/000163020 – volume: 47 start-page: 799 year: 2002 ident: 237_CR6 publication-title: Arch Oral Biol doi: 10.1016/S0003-9969(02)00112-7 – volume: 19 start-page: 377 year: 2009 ident: 237_CR22 publication-title: Int J Paediatr Dent doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.00989.x – volume: 35 start-page: 412 year: 2001 ident: 237_CR7 publication-title: Caries Res doi: 10.1159/000047484 – volume-title: Changes in the oral microflora of occlusal surfaces of teeth with the onset of dental caries. 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The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could... The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could be an... Background The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could... Doc number: 44 Abstract Background: The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One... Background: The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side effect could... Abstract Background The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli in health maintenance has raised the question of potential risks. One possible side... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Analysis Bacteria Bacterial Load Bacteriological Techniques Biomedical research Cross-Over Studies Dental plaque Dental Plaque - metabolism Dentistry DMF Index Double-Blind Method Female Fermentation Follow-Up Studies Fructose Fructose - metabolism Health sciences Humans Lactic acid Lactic Acid - biosynthesis Lactobacillus Lactobacillus - metabolism Lactobacillus plantarum - metabolism Lactobacillus reuteri - growth & development Lactobacillus reuteri - metabolism Male Medicine Microbiology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Placebos Probiotics Probiotics - metabolism Research Article Saliva - microbiology Spectrophotometry Streptococcus mutans - growth & development Studies Xylitol Xylitol - metabolism |
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| Title | Acid production in dental plaque after exposure to probiotic bacteria |
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