Cardiovascular disease in Arab Americans: A literature review of prevalence, risk factors, and directions for future research

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this p...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:American journal of preventive cardiology Jg. 18; S. 100665
Hauptverfasser: Lababidi, Hossam, Lababidi, Ghena, Rifai, Mahmoud Al, Nasir, Khurram, Al-Kindi, Sadeer
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2024
Elsevier
Schlagworte:
Arab Americans
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular disease
Disease burden
Non-hispanic white
State-of-the-Art Review
Cardiovascular disease
Arab Americans
Non-hispanic white
Disease burden
ISSN:2666-6677, 2666-6677
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this population is limited. This literature review synthesizes studies investigating CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans. Multiple studies found higher rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White participants. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a major CVD risk factor, was also markedly higher, ranging from 16 % to 41 % in Arab Americans based on objective measures. Possible explanations include high rates of vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, and poor diabetes control. Other metabolic factors like dyslipidemia and obesity did not consistently differ from general population estimates. Psychosocial factors may further increase CVD risk, including acculturative stress, discrimination, low health literacy, and barriers to healthcare access. Smoking, especially waterpipe use, was more prevalent in Arab American men. Though heterogenous, Arab Americans overall appear to have elevated CVD risk, warranting tailored screening and management. Culturally appropriate educational initiatives on CVD prevention are greatly needed. Future directions include better characterizing CVD prevalence across Arab American subgroups, delineating genetic and environmental factors underlying increased diabetes susceptibility, and testing culturally tailored interventions to mitigate CVD risks. In summary, this review highlights concerning CVD disparities in Arab Americans and underscores the need for group-specific research and preventive strategies.
AbstractList Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this population is limited. This literature review synthesizes studies investigating CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans. Multiple studies found higher rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White participants. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a major CVD risk factor, was also markedly higher, ranging from 16 % to 41 % in Arab Americans based on objective measures. Possible explanations include high rates of vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, and poor diabetes control. Other metabolic factors like dyslipidemia and obesity did not consistently differ from general population estimates. Psychosocial factors may further increase CVD risk, including acculturative stress, discrimination, low health literacy, and barriers to healthcare access. Smoking, especially waterpipe use, was more prevalent in Arab American men. Though heterogenous, Arab Americans overall appear to have elevated CVD risk, warranting tailored screening and management. Culturally appropriate educational initiatives on CVD prevention are greatly needed. Future directions include better characterizing CVD prevalence across Arab American subgroups, delineating genetic and environmental factors underlying increased diabetes susceptibility, and testing culturally tailored interventions to mitigate CVD risks. In summary, this review highlights concerning CVD disparities in Arab Americans and underscores the need for group-specific research and preventive strategies.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this population is limited. This literature review synthesizes studies investigating CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans. Multiple studies found higher rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White participants. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a major CVD risk factor, was also markedly higher, ranging from 16 % to 41 % in Arab Americans based on objective measures. Possible explanations include high rates of vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, and poor diabetes control. Other metabolic factors like dyslipidemia and obesity did not consistently differ from general population estimates. Psychosocial factors may further increase CVD risk, including acculturative stress, discrimination, low health literacy, and barriers to healthcare access. Smoking, especially waterpipe use, was more prevalent in Arab American men. Though heterogenous, Arab Americans overall appear to have elevated CVD risk, warranting tailored screening and management. Culturally appropriate educational initiatives on CVD prevention are greatly needed. Future directions include better characterizing CVD prevalence across Arab American subgroups, delineating genetic and environmental factors underlying increased diabetes susceptibility, and testing culturally tailored interventions to mitigate CVD risks. In summary, this review highlights concerning CVD disparities in Arab Americans and underscores the need for group-specific research and preventive strategies.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this population is limited. This literature review synthesizes studies investigating CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans. Multiple studies found higher rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White participants. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a major CVD risk factor, was also markedly higher, ranging from 16 % to 41 % in Arab Americans based on objective measures. Possible explanations include high rates of vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, and poor diabetes control. Other metabolic factors like dyslipidemia and obesity did not consistently differ from general population estimates. Psychosocial factors may further increase CVD risk, including acculturative stress, discrimination, low health literacy, and barriers to healthcare access. Smoking, especially waterpipe use, was more prevalent in Arab American men. Though heterogenous, Arab Americans overall appear to have elevated CVD risk, warranting tailored screening and management. Culturally appropriate educational initiatives on CVD prevention are greatly needed. Future directions include better characterizing CVD prevalence across Arab American subgroups, delineating genetic and environmental factors underlying increased diabetes susceptibility, and testing culturally tailored interventions to mitigate CVD risks. In summary, this review highlights concerning CVD disparities in Arab Americans and underscores the need for group-specific research and preventive strategies.
AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this population is limited. This literature review synthesizes studies investigating CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans. Multiple studies found higher rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White participants. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a major CVD risk factor, was also markedly higher, ranging from 16 % to 41 % in Arab Americans based on objective measures. Possible explanations include high rates of vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, and poor diabetes control. Other metabolic factors like dyslipidemia and obesity did not consistently differ from general population estimates. Psychosocial factors may further increase CVD risk, including acculturative stress, discrimination, low health literacy, and barriers to healthcare access. Smoking, especially waterpipe use, was more prevalent in Arab American men. Though heterogenous, Arab Americans overall appear to have elevated CVD risk, warranting tailored screening and management. Culturally appropriate educational initiatives on CVD prevention are greatly needed. Future directions include better characterizing CVD prevalence across Arab American subgroups, delineating genetic and environmental factors underlying increased diabetes susceptibility, and testing culturally tailored interventions to mitigate CVD risks. In summary, this review highlights concerning CVD disparities in Arab Americans and underscores the need for group-specific research and preventive strategies.
ArticleNumber 100665
Author Al-Kindi, Sadeer
Nasir, Khurram
Lababidi, Ghena
Lababidi, Hossam
Rifai, Mahmoud Al
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hossam
  orcidid: 0009-0004-7648-3229
  surname: Lababidi
  fullname: Lababidi, Hossam
  organization: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ghena
  surname: Lababidi
  fullname: Lababidi, Ghena
  organization: Medical program, American University of Beirut, United States
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Mahmoud Al
  surname: Rifai
  fullname: Rifai, Mahmoud Al
  organization: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Khurram
  surname: Nasir
  fullname: Nasir, Khurram
  organization: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Sadeer
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1122-7695
  surname: Al-Kindi
  fullname: Al-Kindi, Sadeer
  email: sal-kindi@houstonmethodist.org
  organization: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38634110$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkktv1DAUhS1URMvQP8ACecmiM_gVJ6kQaDTiUakSC2Bt3Tg3rdNMPNjJoC747zikRW0lShaJ5ficI9_zPScHve-RkJecrTjj-k27gnZnV4IJlTaY1tkTciS01kut8_zgzvqQHMfYMsZExmWW6WfkUBZaKs7ZEfm1gVA7v4doxw4CrV1EiEhdT9cBKrreYnAW-nhK17RzAwYYxoA04N7hT-obuktL6LC3eEKDi1e0ATv4EE8o9HXyC2gH5_tIGx9oM96oU0qwly_I0wa6iMc33wX5_vHDt83n5fmXT2eb9fnSalEMS1ELnQPTdV5CBZg3shCZUFXW8Fyz9K50WVSq0mBLrFhdprtJaQtUTa2ZYHJBzmbf2kNrdsFtIVwbD8782fDhwkAYnO3Q2LxiZS3AskIpXaqiUU2pKiwUk1kudfJ6P3vtxmqLtcV-CNDdM73_p3eX5sLvTZq34CWfHF7fOAT_Y8Q4mK2LFrsOevRjNJIpLqQoU10L8upu2N-U2wLTgWI-YIOPMWBjrBtgGnjKdp3hzEy4mNZMuJgJFzPjkqTigfTW_VHR21mEqa6EQDDRuqn8ueg0T_e4_N0Due1cnwDrrvAaY-vH0CcQDDdRGGa-ThBPDAuV-JXpWZDTfxv8L_03LKkBaA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12903_024_04907_1
crossref_primary_10_21070_acopen_10_2025_12088
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_025_09879_8
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm14092981
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.010
10.1016/j.pcd.2016.07.004
10.3389/fpubh.2018.00262
10.1186/1475-2840-8-44
10.1155/2015/575479
10.2337/dc09-2199
10.1371/journal.pone.0029185
10.1177/1043659620984515
10.1177/1043659618783235
10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.347
10.1007/5584_2016_99
10.1007/s10903-007-9070-x
10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.037
10.3390/ijerph17249405
10.1186/s13690-023-01121-3
10.1177/019791838602000305
10.1093/geronb/gbu049
10.1177/1043659614526456
10.2337/diacare.26.7.2010
10.4137/TUI.S11837
10.1007/s10900-020-00791-2
10.1037/1099-9809.14.2.147
10.1007/s10903-008-9125-7
10.1007/s10935-023-00746-y
10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.008
10.1007/s10900-010-9260-7
10.1177/1043659608330353
10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.003
10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.017
10.1016/S0735-1097(23)02255-6
10.2337/diacare.27.1.234
10.1177/0897190010367432
10.1080/13557850310001631722
10.1177/106002809502900603
10.2105/AJPH.2021.306590
10.1007/s10903-018-0777-7
10.1023/A:1009560903668
10.1080/09637480220138124
10.4158/EP.15.1.35
10.1007/s10903-011-9441-1
10.1097/JCN.0000000000000690
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652
10.1186/s12889-018-6270-3
10.1007/s40615-015-0178-8
10.2105/AJPH.2019.305285
10.1007/s10903-015-0296-8
10.2337/diacare.26.2.308
10.1007/s10903-023-01473-6
10.2217/bmm-2017-0094
10.3390/ijerph14040411
10.18865/ed.31.2.235
10.1161/CIR.0000000000001139
10.1007/s40615-021-00970-4
10.1186/s12889-020-09782-3
10.1089/met.2014.0026
10.1007/BF03346317
10.5888/pcd14.160287
10.1016/j.pcd.2019.09.002
10.18865/ed.30.4.651
10.1097/JCN.0b013e31825638ae
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876
10.5993/AJHB.39.5.10
10.1111/dom.14918
10.1001/jama.2021.15187
10.1186/s12889-015-1740-3
10.1186/s12889-018-5683-3
10.2105/AJPH.2009.164954
10.1177/0145721715607356
10.1007/s10903-007-9108-0
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2024 The Authors
The Authors
2024 The Authors.
2024 The Authors 2024
Copyright_xml – notice: 2024 The Authors
– notice: The Authors
– notice: 2024 The Authors.
– notice: 2024 The Authors 2024
DBID 6I.
AAFTH
AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665
DatabaseName ScienceDirect Open Access Titles
Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access
CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 2666-6677
EndPage 100665
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_c7b09d2ac08446948f4f94be84035736
PMC11021916
38634110
10_1016_j_ajpc_2024_100665
S2666667724000333
1_s2_0_S2666667724000333
Genre Journal Article
Review
GroupedDBID .1-
.FO
0R~
1P~
AAEDW
AALRI
AAXUO
AAYWO
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADVLN
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AFRHN
AIGII
AITUG
AJUYK
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
APXCP
EBS
FDB
GROUPED_DOAJ
M41
M~E
OK1
ROL
RPM
Z5R
AAHOK
AFCTW
0SF
6I.
AAFTH
AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-2d267a06d79abae7f382524b5f17605f1b698b4b6ac9eb0d941133c8e4fd60203
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 3
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001226947900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2666-6677
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:53:10 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:34:10 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 02 06:48:27 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:01:40 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 02:39:17 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:22:31 EST 2025
Wed Jun 26 17:52:29 EDT 2024
Tue Feb 25 20:12:34 EST 2025
Tue Aug 26 16:32:26 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Cardiovascular disease
Arab Americans
Non-hispanic white
Disease burden
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
2024 The Authors.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c628t-2d267a06d79abae7f382524b5f17605f1b698b4b6ac9eb0d941133c8e4fd60203
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0009-0004-7648-3229
0000-0002-1122-7695
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/c7b09d2ac08446948f4f94be84035736
PMID 38634110
PQID 3041232951
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 1
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_c7b09d2ac08446948f4f94be84035736
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11021916
proquest_miscellaneous_3041232951
pubmed_primary_38634110
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ajpc_2024_100665
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajpc_2024_100665
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ajpc_2024_100665
elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S2666667724000333
elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_ajpc_2024_100665
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Netherlands
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Netherlands
PublicationTitle American journal of preventive cardiology
PublicationTitleAlternate Am J Prev Cardiol
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
– name: Elsevier
References Pinelli, Jaber, Brown, Herman (bib0042) 2010; 33
Abuelezam, El-Sayed, Galea, Gordon (bib0052) 2022; 9
Sarsour, Tong, Jaber, Talbi, Julliard (bib0033) 2010; 35
Stewart, Manmathan, Wilkinson (bib0002) 2017; 6
Tailakh, Mentes, Morisky, Pike, Phillips, Evangelista (bib0022) 2013; 28
Nasser, Ghazi, Abuelezam (bib0009) 2023; 115
Jaber (bib0029) 2005; 15
Berlie, Hammad, Jaber (bib0037) 2007; 17
Dallo, Ruterbusch, McCullough, Sreedhar, Schwartz, Mulhem (bib0036) 2019; 21
Weglicki, Templin, Rice, Jamil, Hammad (bib0080) 2008; 35
Maki M., Motairek I., Makhlouf M., Yahya T., Nasir K., Al-Kindi S. Cardiovascular risk profile of Arab Americans in The United States: an aggregated electronic medical record study. 2023
Theik, Raji, Shenwai (bib0039) 2021; 13
Merizian, Mallinson, Kitsantas, Gallo (bib0057) 2021; 32
El-Sayed, Tracy, Scarborough, Galea (bib0010) 2011; 6
Dallo, Ruterbusch, Kirma, Schwartz, Fakhouri (bib0015) 2016; 18
Ahmadieh, Arabi (bib0040) 2023; 19
Kearns, Gardner, Silveira (bib0074) 2018; 18
Bertran, Fritz, Abbas (bib0069) 2015; 41
Shoup, Hormenu, Osei-Tutu (bib0087) 2020; 17
Gasevic, Ross, Lear (bib0048) 2015; 31
Arab American population by state 2019. Statista. Accessed March 11, 2024.
Pinelli, Herman, Brown, Jaber (bib0035) 2010; 90
Jaber, Slaughter, Grunberger (bib0030) 1995; 29
Hatahet, Khosla, Fungwe (bib0046) 2002; 53
(bib0065) 2003
Islam, Johnson (bib0077) 2003; 8
Pinelli, Jaber (bib0084) 2011; 24
(bib0060) 2023
Padela, Heisler (bib0061) 2010; 100
.
Amir, Alasnag, Al-Raddadi (bib0045) 2023; 81
Athamneh, Sansgiry, Essien, Abughosh (bib0081) 2015; 2015
De Pergola, Di Roma, Paoli, Guida, Pannacciulli, Giorgino (bib0092) 2007; 30
Nasseri (bib0014) 2008; 10
North, Sinclair (bib0049) 2012; 110
He, Zhu, Bundy, Dorans, Chen, Hamm (bib0005) 2021; 326
Kulwicki (bib0068) 1996; 3
Dattani, Spooner, Ritchie, Roser (bib0001) 2023
Turkson-Ocran, Szanton, Cooper (bib0062) 2021; 30
Jaber, Brown, Hammad, Zhu, Herman (bib0043) 2003; 26
Commodore-Mensah, Selvin, Aboagye (bib0026) 2018; 18
Jaber, Brown, Hammad, Zhu, Herman (bib0027) 2004; 27
Abboud, Chebli, Rabelais (bib0008) 2019; 109
Miyazaki, DeFronzo (bib0089) 2009; 8
Hwang, Ting (bib0055) 2008; 14
Al-Faouri, Weglicki, Rice (bib0072) 2005; 15
These 20 countries have the highest tobacco smoking rates. US News & world report. Accessed October 6, 2023. //www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/countries-with-the-highest-smoking-rates 2024.
Dallo, Kindratt (bib0011) 2016; 3
Predictors of narghile (Water-Pipe) smoking in a sample of American Arab yemeni adolescents. 2008
Crockett, Iturbide, Torres Stone, McGinley, Raffaelli, Carlo (bib0054) 2007; 13
Jamil, Templin, Fakhouri, Rice, Khouri, Fakhouri (bib0070) 2009; 11
Pinelli, Brown, Herman, Jaber (bib0085) 2011; 21
Moore (bib0028) 2017; 14
Dallo, James (bib0058) 2000; 2
Al-Omari, Scheibmeir (bib0059) 2009; 20
Tailakh, Evangelista, Morisky, Mentes, Pike, Phillips (bib0021) 2016; 27
Haddad, Al-Bashaireh, Ferrell, Ghadban (bib0083) 2017; 14
Jamil, Fakhouri, Dallo, Templin, Khoury, Fakhouri (bib0016) 2008; 18
Mansuri, Daniel, Westrick, Buchholz (bib0079) 2023
Abuelezam, El-Sayed, Galea (bib0050) 2018; 6
Chatkoff, Leonard (bib0056) 2009; 19
Products - data briefs - number 289 - october 2017. Published June 6, 2019. Accessed October 2, 2023.
Kamatham, Trak, Alzouhayli (bib0047) 2020; 20
Schultz, Kelli, Lisko (bib0063) 2018; 137
Abuelezam, El-Sayed, Galea, Gordon (bib0024) 2021; 31
O'Connor, Thoreson, Ricks (bib0086) 2014; 12
Dallo, Schwartz, Ruterbusch, Booza, Williams (bib0013) 2012; 14
Headen, Siaw-Asamoah, Julien (bib0003) 2022; 106
El Masri, Koscielniak, Piatt, DiZazzo-Miller, Arnetz, Jaber (bib0044) 2020; 14
R. ’Ihab. Definition of hypertension and pressure goals during treatment (ESC-ESH Guidelines 2018). Accessed March 19, 2024.
Mehta, Velarde, Lewey (bib0004) 2023; 147
Ghadban, Haddad, Thacker, An, Balster, Salyer (bib0076) 2019; 30
Gubernskaya (bib0088) 2015; 70
Hobbs, Habib, Alromaihi (bib0041) 2009; 15
Berlie, Herman, Brown, Hammad, Jaber (bib0038) 2008; 79
Rice, Kulwicki (bib0073) 1992; 107
Kassem, Kassem, Jackson, Daffa, Liles, Hovell (bib0071) 2015; 39
Burghardt, Masri, Dass, Shikwana, Jaber (bib0091) 2017; 11
Sewali, Harcourt, Everson-Rose (bib0053) 2015; 15
Zayed, Chebli, Shalabi, Taha, Abboud (bib0034) 2020; 45
Awad, Abuelezam, Ajrouch, Stiffler (bib0093) 2022; 112
Demographics. Arab American institute. Accessed October 1, 2023.
Ashgar (bib0051) 2021; 36
Paterick, Patel, Tajik, Chandrasekaran (bib0066) 2017; 30
Haddad, Corcoran (bib0082) 2013; 6
Jaber, Brown, Hammad (bib0031) 2003; 26
Bertran, Pinelli, Sills, Jaber (bib0067) 2017; 11
Nigem (bib0064) 1986; 20
League of Arab States (LAS) | EEAS. Accessed October 1, 2023.
Lick, Mulhem (bib0018) 2023; 25
Jamil, Fakhouri, Dallo, Templin, Khoury, Fakhouri (bib0032) 2008; 10
Kokubo, Matsumoto (bib0019) 2017; 956
Dallo, Borrell (bib0025) 2006; 16
Yang, Chen, Yue (bib0090) 2023; 25
Theik (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0039) 2021; 13
Haddad (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0082) 2013; 6
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0006
Bertran (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0069) 2015; 41
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0007
El-Sayed (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0010) 2011; 6
Hatahet (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0046) 2002; 53
Gubernskaya (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0088) 2015; 70
Shoup (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0087) 2020; 17
Hobbs (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0041) 2009; 15
Abuelezam (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0052) 2022; 9
Hwang (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0055) 2008; 14
Al-Omari (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0059) 2009; 20
Nasser (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0009) 2023; 115
Kassem (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0071) 2015; 39
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0012
Abuelezam (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0050) 2018; 6
Ashgar (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0051) 2021; 36
Dallo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0013) 2012; 14
Kearns (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0074) 2018; 18
Burghardt (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0091) 2017; 11
Padela (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0061) 2010; 100
Rice (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0073) 1992; 107
North (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0049) 2012; 110
Tailakh (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0021) 2016; 27
Nigem (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0064) 1986; 20
Chatkoff (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0056) 2009; 19
Dattani (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0001) 2023
Tailakh (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0022) 2013; 28
Ahmadieh (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0040) 2023; 19
Dallo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0015) 2016; 18
Athamneh (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0081) 2015; 2015
Haddad (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0083) 2017; 14
Kamatham (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0047) 2020; 20
Crockett (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0054) 2007; 13
Sewali (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0053) 2015; 15
Ghadban (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0076) 2019; 30
Headen (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0003) 2022; 106
Jamil (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0070) 2009; 11
Amir (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0045) 2023; 81
Jaber (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0031) 2003; 26
Jamil (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0032) 2008; 10
Yang (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0090) 2023; 25
He (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0005) 2021; 326
Schultz (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0063) 2018; 137
Jamil (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0016) 2008; 18
Merizian (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0057) 2021; 32
Miyazaki (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0089) 2009; 8
Dallo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0011) 2016; 3
Dallo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0036) 2019; 21
Abuelezam (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0024) 2021; 31
Islam (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0077) 2003; 8
Nasseri (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0014) 2008; 10
Pinelli (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0035) 2010; 90
Jaber (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0030) 1995; 29
De Pergola (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0092) 2007; 30
Bertran (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0067) 2017; 11
O'Connor (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0086) 2014; 12
Abboud (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0008) 2019; 109
Lick (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0018) 2023; 25
(10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0065) 2003
Kulwicki (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0068) 1996; 3
Jaber (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0029) 2005; 15
Moore (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0028) 2017; 14
El Masri (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0044) 2020; 14
Gasevic (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0048) 2015; 31
Dallo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0025) 2006; 16
Pinelli (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0085) 2011; 21
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0075
Sarsour (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0033) 2010; 35
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0078
Jaber (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0027) 2004; 27
(10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0060) 2023
Zayed (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0034) 2020; 45
Paterick (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0066) 2017; 30
Kokubo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0019) 2017; 956
Jaber (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0043) 2003; 26
Dallo (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0058) 2000; 2
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0017
Awad (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0093) 2022; 112
Al-Faouri (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0072) 2005; 15
Commodore-Mensah (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0026) 2018; 18
Weglicki (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0080) 2008; 35
Berlie (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0038) 2008; 79
Pinelli (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0084) 2011; 24
Stewart (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0002) 2017; 6
Pinelli (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0042) 2010; 33
Mansuri (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0079) 2023
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0020
Turkson-Ocran (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0062) 2021; 30
10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0023
Berlie (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0037) 2007; 17
Mehta (10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0004) 2023; 147
References_xml – volume: 90
  start-page: e27
  year: 2010
  end-page: e29
  ident: bib0035
  article-title: Perceived risk and the willingness to enroll in a diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract
– volume: 110
  start-page: 1097
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1108
  ident: bib0049
  article-title: The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease
  publication-title: Circ Res
– volume: 15
  start-page: 411
  year: 2015
  ident: bib0053
  article-title: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors across six African immigrant groups in minnesota
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
– volume: 14
  start-page: 147
  year: 2008
  end-page: 154
  ident: bib0055
  article-title: Disaggregating the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on the mental health of Asian Americans
  publication-title: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol
– volume: 27
  start-page: 234
  year: 2004
  end-page: 238
  ident: bib0027
  article-title: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
– reference: Arab American population by state 2019. Statista. Accessed March 11, 2024.
– volume: 956
  start-page: 419
  year: 2017
  end-page: 426
  ident: bib0019
  article-title: Hypertension is a risk factor for several types of heart disease: review of prospective studies
  publication-title: Adv Exp Med Biol
– volume: 28
  start-page: 330
  year: 2013
  end-page: 337
  ident: bib0022
  article-title: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among Arab Americans
  publication-title: J Cardiovasc Nurs
– volume: 6
  start-page: 262
  year: 2018
  ident: bib0050
  article-title: The health of Arab Americans in the United States: an updated comprehensive literature review
  publication-title: Front Public Health
– volume: 35
  start-page: 334
  year: 2008
  end-page: 339
  ident: bib0080
  article-title: Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non-Arab-American youth
  publication-title: Am J Prev Med
– year: 2023
  ident: bib0060
  article-title: Unhealthy societies: the afflictions of inequality
– volume: 109
  start-page: 1580
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1583
  ident: bib0008
  article-title: The contested whiteness of Arab Identity in the United States: implications for health disparities research
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
– reference: Products - data briefs - number 289 - october 2017. Published June 6, 2019. Accessed October 2, 2023.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 680
  year: 2015
  end-page: 697
  ident: bib0071
  article-title: Arab-American hookah smokers: initiation, and pros and cons of hookah use
  publication-title: Am J Health Behav
– volume: 3
  start-page: 80
  year: 1996
  end-page: 89
  ident: bib0068
  article-title: An ethnographic study of illness perceptions and practices of Yemeni-Arabs in Michigan
  publication-title: J Cult Divers
– volume: 100
  start-page: 284
  year: 2010
  end-page: 291
  ident: bib0061
  article-title: The association of perceived abuse and discrimination after september 11, 2001, With psychological distress, level of happiness, and health status among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2010
  year: 2003
  end-page: 2014
  ident: bib0043
  article-title: Lack of acculturation is a risk factor for diabetes in Arab immigrants in the U.S
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
– volume: 19
  start-page: 258
  year: 2009
  end-page: 264
  ident: bib0056
  article-title: A preliminary investigation of cognitive appraisal and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 29
  start-page: 573
  year: 1995
  end-page: 576
  ident: bib0030
  article-title: Diabetes and related metabolic risk factors among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Ann Pharmacother
– volume: 36
  start-page: 273
  year: 2021
  end-page: 282
  ident: bib0051
  article-title: Relationships between personal satisfaction, cardiovascular disease risk, and health promoting behavior among Arab American middle-aged women
  publication-title: J Cardiovasc Nurs
– volume: 25
  start-page: 716
  year: 2023
  end-page: 725
  ident: bib0090
  article-title: Liver fat is superior to visceral and pancreatic fat as a risk biomarker of impaired glucose regulation in overweight/obese subjects
  publication-title: Diabetes Obes Metab
– volume: 10
  start-page: 197
  year: 2008
  end-page: 205
  ident: bib0014
  article-title: Mortality in first generation white immigrants in California, 1989–1999
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– volume: 53
  start-page: 325
  year: 2002
  end-page: 335
  ident: bib0046
  article-title: Prevalence of risk factors to coronary heart disease in an Arab-American population in southeast Michigan
  publication-title: Int J Food Sci Nutr
– volume: 137
  start-page: 2166
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2178
  ident: bib0063
  article-title: Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular outcomes: challenges and interventions
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1685
  year: 2020
  ident: bib0047
  article-title: Characteristics and distribution of obesity in the Arab-American population of southeastern Michigan
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
– volume: 6
  start-page: e29185
  year: 2011
  ident: bib0010
  article-title: Ethnic inequalities in mortality: the case of Arab-Americans
  publication-title: PLoS One
– volume: 19
  year: 2023
  ident: bib0040
  article-title: Association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health: myth or Fact? A narrative review of the evidence
  publication-title: Womens Health
– reference: Maki M., Motairek I., Makhlouf M., Yahya T., Nasir K., Al-Kindi S. Cardiovascular risk profile of Arab Americans in The United States: an aggregated electronic medical record study. 2023
– volume: 30
  start-page: 115
  year: 2019
  end-page: 123
  ident: bib0076
  article-title: Smoking behaviors in Arab Americans: acculturation and health beliefs
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
– volume: 8
  start-page: 319
  year: 2003
  end-page: 337
  ident: bib0077
  article-title: Correlates of smoking behavior among Muslim Arab-American adolescents
  publication-title: Ethn Health
– volume: 14
  start-page: 411
  year: 2017
  ident: bib0083
  article-title: Effectiveness of a culturally-tailored smoking cessation intervention for Arab-American men
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health
– volume: 2
  start-page: 145
  year: 2000
  end-page: 153
  ident: bib0058
  article-title: Acculturation and blood pressure in a community-based sample of Chaldean-American women
  publication-title: J Immigr Health
– volume: 8
  start-page: 44
  year: 2009
  ident: bib0089
  article-title: Visceral fat dominant distribution in male type 2 diabetic patients is closely related to hepatic insulin resistance, irrespective of body type
  publication-title: Cardiovasc Diabetol
– volume: 32
  start-page: 697
  year: 2021
  end-page: 706
  ident: bib0057
  article-title: A cross-sectional study of psychological flexibility as a mediator for the relationship between acculturative stress and cardiovascular health behaviors among second-generation Arab Americans
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
– volume: 20
  start-page: 227
  year: 2009
  end-page: 233
  ident: bib0059
  article-title: Arab Americans’ acculturation and tobacco smoking
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
– volume: 25
  start-page: 835
  year: 2023
  end-page: 840
  ident: bib0018
  article-title: Mortality and hospital readmission rates for heart failure among patients of middle eastern ancestry compared to non-middle eastern whites in Southeast Michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– volume: 12
  start-page: 347
  year: 2014
  end-page: 353
  ident: bib0086
  article-title: Worse cardiometabolic health in African immigrant men than African American men: reconsideration of the healthy immigrant effect
  publication-title: Metab Syndr Relat Disord
– volume: 26
  start-page: 308
  year: 2003
  end-page: 313
  ident: bib0031
  article-title: Epidemiology of diabetes Among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
– volume: 15
  start-page: 35
  year: 2009
  end-page: 40
  ident: bib0041
  article-title: Severe vitamin D deficiency in Arab-American women living in Dearborn, Michigan
  publication-title: Endocr Pract
– volume: 115
  start-page: 454
  year: 2023
  end-page: 458
  ident: bib0009
  article-title: Inclusion of Middle Eastern and North African populations in diabetes clinical research
  publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc
– reference: Demographics. Arab American institute. Accessed October 1, 2023.
– year: 2023
  ident: bib0079
  article-title: Physical activity behavior and measurement in Arab American women: an integrative review
  publication-title: J Prev
– volume: 30
  start-page: 651
  year: 2021
  end-page: 660
  ident: bib0062
  article-title: Discrimination is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk among African immigrants in the African immigrant health study
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– reference: These 20 countries have the highest tobacco smoking rates. US News & world report. Accessed October 6, 2023. //www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/countries-with-the-highest-smoking-rates 2024.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 57
  year: 2016
  end-page: 64
  ident: bib0021
  article-title: Acculturation, medication adherence, lifestyle behaviors, and blood pressure control among Arab Americans
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
– reference: League of Arab States (LAS) | EEAS. Accessed October 1, 2023.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 490
  year: 2019
  end-page: 496
  ident: bib0036
  article-title: Diabetes management Among Arab Americans who sought care at a large metropolitan hospital system in Michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– reference: R. ’Ihab. Definition of hypertension and pressure goals during treatment (ESC-ESH Guidelines 2018). Accessed March 19, 2024.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 112
  year: 2017
  end-page: 113
  ident: bib0066
  article-title: Improving health outcomes through patient education and partnerships with patients
  publication-title: Proceedings
– volume: 17
  year: 2007
  ident: bib0037
  article-title: Health issues in the Arab American community. The use of glucose-lowering agents and aspirin among Arab Americans with diabetes
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1373
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1375
  ident: bib0042
  article-title: Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and glucose intolerance among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
– volume: 9
  start-page: 399
  year: 2022
  end-page: 405
  ident: bib0052
  article-title: Differences in health characteristics of geographic subgroups of Arab Americans in a Northern California health plan
  publication-title: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
– volume: 13
  start-page: 347
  year: 2007
  end-page: 355
  ident: bib0054
  article-title: Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students
  publication-title: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol
– volume: 13
  start-page: e17419
  year: 2021
  ident: bib0039
  article-title: Relationship and effects of vitamin D on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review
  publication-title: Cureus
– volume: 31
  start-page: 235
  year: 2021
  end-page: 242
  ident: bib0024
  article-title: Health risks and chronic health conditions among arab american and white adults in Northern California
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 14
  start-page: 232
  year: 2020
  end-page: 238
  ident: bib0044
  article-title: Barriers and facilitators to perceived diabetes self-management in Arab American patients with diabetes
  publication-title: Prim Care Diabetes
– volume: 11
  start-page: 310
  year: 2009
  end-page: 317
  ident: bib0070
  article-title: Comparison of personal characteristics, tobacco use, and health states in Chaldean, Arab American, and non-Middle Eastern white adults
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1449
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1454
  ident: bib0015
  article-title: A health profile of Arab Americans in michigan: a novel approach to using a hospital administrative database
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– volume: 20
  start-page: 629
  year: 1986
  end-page: 649
  ident: bib0064
  article-title: Arab Americans: migration, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics
  publication-title: Int Migr Rev
– volume: 18
  start-page: 773
  year: 2018
  ident: bib0026
  article-title: Hypertension, overweight/obesity, and diabetes among immigrants in the United States: an analysis of the 2010–2016 National Health Interview Survey
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
– volume: 106
  start-page: 401
  year: 2022
  end-page: 409
  ident: bib0003
  article-title: Race and modifiable factors influencing cardiovascular disease
  publication-title: Med Clin North Am
– volume: 24
  start-page: 211
  year: 2011
  end-page: 215
  ident: bib0084
  article-title: Practices of Arab American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during ramadan
  publication-title: J Pharm Pract
– volume: 147
  start-page: 1471
  year: 2023
  end-page: 1487
  ident: bib0004
  article-title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors in women: the impact of race and ethnicity: a scientific statement from the american heart association
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 14
  start-page: 236
  year: 2012
  end-page: 241
  ident: bib0013
  article-title: Mortality rates among Arab Americans in michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– volume: 16
  start-page: 699
  year: 2006
  end-page: 705
  ident: bib0025
  article-title: Self-reported diabetes and hypertension among Arab Americans in the United States
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 6
  start-page: 17
  year: 2013
  end-page: 23
  ident: bib0082
  article-title: Culturally tailored smoking cessation for Arab American male smokers in community settings: a pilot study
  publication-title: Tob Use Insights
– volume: 11
  start-page: 13
  year: 2017
  end-page: 19
  ident: bib0067
  article-title: The Arab American experience with diabetes: perceptions, myths and implications for culturally-specific interventions
  publication-title: Prim Care Diabetes
– volume: 81
  start-page: 122
  year: 2023
  ident: bib0045
  article-title: Patient journey for hypertension and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: highlighting the evidence gaps
  publication-title: Arch Public Health
– year: 2003
  ident: bib0065
  article-title: Institute of medicine (US) committee on understanding and eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in health care
  publication-title: Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
– volume: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: bib0002
  article-title: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a review of contemporary guidance and literature
  publication-title: JRSM Cardiovasc Dis
– volume: 35
  start-page: 653
  year: 2010
  end-page: 659
  ident: bib0033
  article-title: Health assessment of the Arab American community in southwest brooklyn
  publication-title: J Community Health
– volume: 79
  start-page: 249
  year: 2008
  end-page: 255
  ident: bib0038
  article-title: Quality of diabetes care in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract
– volume: 30
  start-page: 399
  year: 2007
  end-page: 403
  ident: bib0092
  article-title: Haptoglobin serum levels are independently associated with insulinemia in overweight and obese women
  publication-title: J Endocrinol Invest
– volume: 112
  start-page: 209
  year: 2022
  end-page: 212
  ident: bib0093
  article-title: Lack of Arab or middle Eastern and North African health data undermines assessment of health disparities
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
– volume: 15
  start-page: 62
  year: 2005
  end-page: 64
  ident: bib0072
  article-title: Culturally sensitive smoking cessation intervention program redesign for Arab-American youth
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1379
  year: 2018
  ident: bib0074
  article-title: Shaping interventions to address waterpipe smoking in Arabic-speaking communities in Sydney, Australia: a qualitative study
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
– reference: Predictors of narghile (Water-Pipe) smoking in a sample of American Arab yemeni adolescents. 2008
– volume: 21
  start-page: 480
  year: 2011
  end-page: 484
  ident: bib0085
  article-title: Family support is associated with success in achieving weight loss in a group lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 11
  start-page: 937
  year: 2017
  end-page: 945
  ident: bib0091
  article-title: Association between haptoglobin gene and insulin resistance in Arab-Americans
  publication-title: Biomark Med
– year: 2023
  ident: bib0001
  article-title: Causes of death
  publication-title: Our World in Data
– reference: .
– volume: 107
  start-page: 589
  year: 1992
  end-page: 594
  ident: bib0073
  article-title: Cigarette use among Arab Americans in the detroit metropolitan area
  publication-title: Public Health Rep
– volume: 10
  start-page: 397
  year: 2008
  end-page: 405
  ident: bib0032
  article-title: Disparities in self-reported diabetes mellitus among Arab, chaldean, and black Americans in Southeast Michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1169
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1179
  ident: bib0048
  article-title: Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review of North American Evidence
  publication-title: Can J Cardiol
– volume: 17
  start-page: 9405
  year: 2020
  ident: bib0087
  article-title: Africans who arrive in the United States before 20 years of age maintain both cardiometabolic health and cultural identity: insight from the Africans in America study
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health
– volume: 18
  start-page: 19
  year: 2008
  end-page: 25
  ident: bib0016
  article-title: Self-reported heart disease among Arab and Chaldean American women residing in southeast michigan
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 326
  start-page: 1286
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1298
  ident: bib0005
  article-title: Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in US adults by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, 1999-2018
  publication-title: JAMA
– volume: 45
  start-page: 761
  year: 2020
  end-page: 767
  ident: bib0034
  article-title: Health assessment of the Arab American community in Southwest Chicago
  publication-title: J Community Health
– volume: 70
  start-page: 279
  year: 2015
  end-page: 290
  ident: bib0088
  article-title: Age at migration and self-rated health trajectories after age 50: understanding the older immigrant health paradox
  publication-title: GERONB
– volume: 15
  start-page: 26
  year: 2005
  end-page: 28
  ident: bib0029
  article-title: Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in Arab Americans: a community-based sample
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 41
  start-page: 748
  year: 2015
  end-page: 754
  ident: bib0069
  article-title: The Impact of Arab American culture on diabetes self-management education
  publication-title: Diabetes Educ
– volume: 2015
  year: 2015
  ident: bib0081
  article-title: Predictors of intention to quit waterpipe smoking: a survey of Arab Americans in houston, Texas
  publication-title: J Addict
– volume: 3
  start-page: 590
  year: 2016
  end-page: 598
  ident: bib0011
  article-title: Disparities in chronic disease prevalence among non-hispanic whites: heterogeneity among foreign-born Arab and European Americans
  publication-title: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
– volume: 14
  year: 2017
  ident: bib0028
  article-title: Metabolic syndrome prevalence by race/ethnicity and sex in the United States, national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–2012
  publication-title: Prev Chronic Dis
– volume: 90
  start-page: e27
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0035
  article-title: Perceived risk and the willingness to enroll in a diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract
  doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.010
– volume: 11
  start-page: 13
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0067
  article-title: The Arab American experience with diabetes: perceptions, myths and implications for culturally-specific interventions
  publication-title: Prim Care Diabetes
  doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2016.07.004
– volume: 6
  start-page: 262
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0050
  article-title: The health of Arab Americans in the United States: an updated comprehensive literature review
  publication-title: Front Public Health
  doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00262
– volume: 8
  start-page: 44
  issue: 1
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0089
  article-title: Visceral fat dominant distribution in male type 2 diabetic patients is closely related to hepatic insulin resistance, irrespective of body type
  publication-title: Cardiovasc Diabetol
  doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-44
– volume: 2015
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0081
  article-title: Predictors of intention to quit waterpipe smoking: a survey of Arab Americans in houston, Texas
  publication-title: J Addict
  doi: 10.1155/2015/575479
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1373
  issue: 6
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0042
  article-title: Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and glucose intolerance among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/dc09-2199
– volume: 6
  start-page: e29185
  issue: 12
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0010
  article-title: Ethnic inequalities in mortality: the case of Arab-Americans
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029185
– volume: 32
  start-page: 697
  issue: 6
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0057
  article-title: A cross-sectional study of psychological flexibility as a mediator for the relationship between acculturative stress and cardiovascular health behaviors among second-generation Arab Americans
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
  doi: 10.1177/1043659620984515
– volume: 30
  start-page: 115
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0076
  article-title: Smoking behaviors in Arab Americans: acculturation and health beliefs
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
  doi: 10.1177/1043659618783235
– volume: 15
  start-page: 62
  issue: 1 Suppl 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0072
  article-title: Culturally sensitive smoking cessation intervention program redesign for Arab-American youth
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 13
  start-page: 347
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0054
  article-title: Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students
  publication-title: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol
  doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.347
– volume: 956
  start-page: 419
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0019
  article-title: Hypertension is a risk factor for several types of heart disease: review of prospective studies
  publication-title: Adv Exp Med Biol
  doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_99
– volume: 10
  start-page: 197
  issue: 3
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0014
  article-title: Mortality in first generation white immigrants in California, 1989–1999
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-007-9070-x
– volume: 35
  start-page: 334
  issue: 4
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0080
  article-title: Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non-Arab-American youth
  publication-title: Am J Prev Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.037
– volume: 17
  start-page: 9405
  issue: 24
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0087
  article-title: Africans who arrive in the United States before 20 years of age maintain both cardiometabolic health and cultural identity: insight from the Africans in America study
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249405
– volume: 19
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0040
  article-title: Association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health: myth or Fact? A narrative review of the evidence
  publication-title: Womens Health
– volume: 81
  start-page: 122
  issue: 1
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0045
  article-title: Patient journey for hypertension and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: highlighting the evidence gaps
  publication-title: Arch Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s13690-023-01121-3
– volume: 30
  start-page: 112
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0066
  article-title: Improving health outcomes through patient education and partnerships with patients
  publication-title: Proceedings
– volume: 3
  start-page: 80
  issue: 3
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0068
  article-title: An ethnographic study of illness perceptions and practices of Yemeni-Arabs in Michigan
  publication-title: J Cult Divers
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0023
– year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0001
  article-title: Causes of death
  publication-title: Our World in Data
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0075
– volume: 20
  start-page: 629
  issue: 3
  year: 1986
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0064
  article-title: Arab Americans: migration, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics
  publication-title: Int Migr Rev
  doi: 10.1177/019791838602000305
– volume: 70
  start-page: 279
  issue: 2
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0088
  article-title: Age at migration and self-rated health trajectories after age 50: understanding the older immigrant health paradox
  publication-title: GERONB
  doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu049
– volume: 27
  start-page: 57
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0021
  article-title: Acculturation, medication adherence, lifestyle behaviors, and blood pressure control among Arab Americans
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
  doi: 10.1177/1043659614526456
– volume: 16
  start-page: 699
  issue: 3
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0025
  article-title: Self-reported diabetes and hypertension among Arab Americans in the United States
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0007
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2010
  issue: 7
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0043
  article-title: Lack of acculturation is a risk factor for diabetes in Arab immigrants in the U.S
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2010
– volume: 19
  start-page: 258
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0056
  article-title: A preliminary investigation of cognitive appraisal and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 6
  start-page: 17
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0082
  article-title: Culturally tailored smoking cessation for Arab American male smokers in community settings: a pilot study
  publication-title: Tob Use Insights
  doi: 10.4137/TUI.S11837
– volume: 45
  start-page: 761
  issue: 4
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0034
  article-title: Health assessment of the Arab American community in Southwest Chicago
  publication-title: J Community Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00791-2
– volume: 14
  start-page: 147
  issue: 2
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0055
  article-title: Disaggregating the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on the mental health of Asian Americans
  publication-title: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol
  doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.14.2.147
– volume: 11
  start-page: 310
  issue: 4
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0070
  article-title: Comparison of personal characteristics, tobacco use, and health states in Chaldean, Arab American, and non-Middle Eastern white adults
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-008-9125-7
– year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0079
  article-title: Physical activity behavior and measurement in Arab American women: an integrative review
  publication-title: J Prev
  doi: 10.1007/s10935-023-00746-y
– volume: 106
  start-page: 401
  issue: 2
  year: 2022
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0003
  article-title: Race and modifiable factors influencing cardiovascular disease
  publication-title: Med Clin North Am
  doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.008
– volume: 35
  start-page: 653
  issue: 6
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0033
  article-title: Health assessment of the Arab American community in southwest brooklyn
  publication-title: J Community Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10900-010-9260-7
– volume: 20
  start-page: 227
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0059
  article-title: Arab Americans’ acculturation and tobacco smoking
  publication-title: J Transcult Nurs
  doi: 10.1177/1043659608330353
– volume: 79
  start-page: 249
  issue: 2
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0038
  article-title: Quality of diabetes care in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract
  doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.003
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0020
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1169
  issue: 9
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0048
  article-title: Ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review of North American Evidence
  publication-title: Can J Cardiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.017
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0017
  doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(23)02255-6
– year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0060
– volume: 27
  start-page: 234
  issue: 1
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0027
  article-title: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.1.234
– volume: 24
  start-page: 211
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0084
  article-title: Practices of Arab American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during ramadan
  publication-title: J Pharm Pract
  doi: 10.1177/0897190010367432
– volume: 8
  start-page: 319
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0077
  article-title: Correlates of smoking behavior among Muslim Arab-American adolescents
  publication-title: Ethn Health
  doi: 10.1080/13557850310001631722
– volume: 29
  start-page: 573
  issue: 6
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0030
  article-title: Diabetes and related metabolic risk factors among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Ann Pharmacother
  doi: 10.1177/106002809502900603
– volume: 112
  start-page: 209
  issue: 2
  year: 2022
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0093
  article-title: Lack of Arab or middle Eastern and North African health data undermines assessment of health disparities
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306590
– volume: 21
  start-page: 490
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0036
  article-title: Diabetes management Among Arab Americans who sought care at a large metropolitan hospital system in Michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-018-0777-7
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0006
– volume: 2
  start-page: 145
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0058
  article-title: Acculturation and blood pressure in a community-based sample of Chaldean-American women
  publication-title: J Immigr Health
  doi: 10.1023/A:1009560903668
– volume: 115
  start-page: 454
  issue: 4
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0009
  article-title: Inclusion of Middle Eastern and North African populations in diabetes clinical research
  publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc
– volume: 53
  start-page: 325
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0046
  article-title: Prevalence of risk factors to coronary heart disease in an Arab-American population in southeast Michigan
  publication-title: Int J Food Sci Nutr
  doi: 10.1080/09637480220138124
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0012
– volume: 18
  start-page: 19
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0016
  article-title: Self-reported heart disease among Arab and Chaldean American women residing in southeast michigan
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 15
  start-page: 35
  issue: 1
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0041
  article-title: Severe vitamin D deficiency in Arab-American women living in Dearborn, Michigan
  publication-title: Endocr Pract
  doi: 10.4158/EP.15.1.35
– volume: 14
  start-page: 236
  issue: 2
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0013
  article-title: Mortality rates among Arab Americans in michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-011-9441-1
– volume: 36
  start-page: 273
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0051
  article-title: Relationships between personal satisfaction, cardiovascular disease risk, and health promoting behavior among Arab American middle-aged women
  publication-title: J Cardiovasc Nurs
  doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000690
– volume: 137
  start-page: 2166
  issue: 20
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0063
  article-title: Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular outcomes: challenges and interventions
  publication-title: Circulation
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652
– volume: 107
  start-page: 589
  issue: 5
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0073
  article-title: Cigarette use among Arab Americans in the detroit metropolitan area
  publication-title: Public Health Rep
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1379
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0074
  article-title: Shaping interventions to address waterpipe smoking in Arabic-speaking communities in Sydney, Australia: a qualitative study
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6270-3
– volume: 3
  start-page: 590
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0011
  article-title: Disparities in chronic disease prevalence among non-hispanic whites: heterogeneity among foreign-born Arab and European Americans
  publication-title: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
  doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0178-8
– volume: 109
  start-page: 1580
  issue: 11
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0008
  article-title: The contested whiteness of Arab Identity in the United States: implications for health disparities research
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305285
– volume: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0002
  article-title: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a review of contemporary guidance and literature
  publication-title: JRSM Cardiovasc Dis
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1449
  issue: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0015
  article-title: A health profile of Arab Americans in michigan: a novel approach to using a hospital administrative database
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-015-0296-8
– volume: 26
  start-page: 308
  issue: 2
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0031
  article-title: Epidemiology of diabetes Among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.2.308
– volume: 25
  start-page: 835
  issue: 4
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0018
  article-title: Mortality and hospital readmission rates for heart failure among patients of middle eastern ancestry compared to non-middle eastern whites in Southeast Michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-023-01473-6
– volume: 21
  start-page: 480
  issue: 4
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0085
  article-title: Family support is associated with success in achieving weight loss in a group lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention in Arab Americans
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 11
  start-page: 937
  issue: 11
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0091
  article-title: Association between haptoglobin gene and insulin resistance in Arab-Americans
  publication-title: Biomark Med
  doi: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0094
– volume: 14
  start-page: 411
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0083
  article-title: Effectiveness of a culturally-tailored smoking cessation intervention for Arab-American men
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph14040411
– volume: 31
  start-page: 235
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0024
  article-title: Health risks and chronic health conditions among arab american and white adults in Northern California
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
  doi: 10.18865/ed.31.2.235
– volume: 147
  start-page: 1471
  issue: 19
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0004
  article-title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors in women: the impact of race and ethnicity: a scientific statement from the american heart association
  publication-title: Circulation
  doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001139
– volume: 9
  start-page: 399
  issue: 2
  year: 2022
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0052
  article-title: Differences in health characteristics of geographic subgroups of Arab Americans in a Northern California health plan
  publication-title: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
  doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-00970-4
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1685
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0047
  article-title: Characteristics and distribution of obesity in the Arab-American population of southeastern Michigan
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09782-3
– volume: 12
  start-page: 347
  issue: 6
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0086
  article-title: Worse cardiometabolic health in African immigrant men than African American men: reconsideration of the healthy immigrant effect
  publication-title: Metab Syndr Relat Disord
  doi: 10.1089/met.2014.0026
– volume: 30
  start-page: 399
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0092
  article-title: Haptoglobin serum levels are independently associated with insulinemia in overweight and obese women
  publication-title: J Endocrinol Invest
  doi: 10.1007/BF03346317
– volume: 14
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0028
  article-title: Metabolic syndrome prevalence by race/ethnicity and sex in the United States, national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–2012
  publication-title: Prev Chronic Dis
  doi: 10.5888/pcd14.160287
– volume: 14
  start-page: 232
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0044
  article-title: Barriers and facilitators to perceived diabetes self-management in Arab American patients with diabetes
  publication-title: Prim Care Diabetes
  doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.09.002
– volume: 15
  start-page: 26
  issue: 1 Suppl 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0029
  article-title: Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in Arab Americans: a community-based sample
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 30
  start-page: 651
  issue: 4
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0062
  article-title: Discrimination is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk among African immigrants in the African immigrant health study
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
  doi: 10.18865/ed.30.4.651
– volume: 28
  start-page: 330
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0022
  article-title: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among Arab Americans
  publication-title: J Cardiovasc Nurs
  doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e31825638ae
– year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0065
  article-title: Institute of medicine (US) committee on understanding and eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in health care
– volume: 110
  start-page: 1097
  issue: 8
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0049
  article-title: The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease
  publication-title: Circ Res
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876
– volume: 39
  start-page: 680
  issue: 5
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0071
  article-title: Arab-American hookah smokers: initiation, and pros and cons of hookah use
  publication-title: Am J Health Behav
  doi: 10.5993/AJHB.39.5.10
– volume: 13
  start-page: e17419
  issue: 8
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0039
  article-title: Relationship and effects of vitamin D on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review
  publication-title: Cureus
– volume: 25
  start-page: 716
  issue: 3
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0090
  article-title: Liver fat is superior to visceral and pancreatic fat as a risk biomarker of impaired glucose regulation in overweight/obese subjects
  publication-title: Diabetes Obes Metab
  doi: 10.1111/dom.14918
– volume: 326
  start-page: 1286
  issue: 13
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0005
  article-title: Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in US adults by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, 1999-2018
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.15187
– volume: 15
  start-page: 411
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0053
  article-title: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors across six African immigrant groups in minnesota
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1740-3
– volume: 18
  start-page: 773
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0026
  article-title: Hypertension, overweight/obesity, and diabetes among immigrants in the United States: an analysis of the 2010–2016 National Health Interview Survey
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
  doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5683-3
– volume: 17
  issue: 2 Suppl 3
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0037
  article-title: Health issues in the Arab American community. The use of glucose-lowering agents and aspirin among Arab Americans with diabetes
  publication-title: Ethn Dis
– volume: 100
  start-page: 284
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0061
  article-title: The association of perceived abuse and discrimination after september 11, 2001, With psychological distress, level of happiness, and health status among Arab Americans
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.164954
– volume: 41
  start-page: 748
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0069
  article-title: The Impact of Arab American culture on diabetes self-management education
  publication-title: Diabetes Educ
  doi: 10.1177/0145721715607356
– ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0078
– volume: 10
  start-page: 397
  issue: 5
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665_bib0032
  article-title: Disparities in self-reported diabetes mellitus among Arab, chaldean, and black Americans in Southeast Michigan
  publication-title: J Immigr Minor Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10903-007-9108-0
SSID ssj0002513556
Score 2.2915015
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from...
AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 100665
SubjectTerms Arab Americans
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular disease
Disease burden
Non-hispanic white
State-of-the-Art Review
Title Cardiovascular disease in Arab Americans: A literature review of prevalence, risk factors, and directions for future research
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S2666667724000333
https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S2666667724000333
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100665
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38634110
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3041232951
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11021916
https://doaj.org/article/c7b09d2ac08446948f4f94be84035736
Volume 18
WOSCitedRecordID wos001226947900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2666-6677
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002513556
  issn: 2666-6677
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20200101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2666-6677
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002513556
  issn: 2666-6677
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20200101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELagQogL4t3wqIzEjUbEseMHt1K14tIKCZD2ZtmxrW5VZVebLTf47YxjJ9oAai_kkEMS5zEz8cynGX-D0LtGGjCUSpSuUa5k1PhSBS7LEFoDEbkIlXNDswlxfi4XC_Vlp9VXrAlL9MBJcB9aYSvlatNWEpCLYjKwoJj1AExoI-hAtg1Rzw6YinMweG1wpDyvkkkFXeZyHTkLaxYrA3j0JjueaCDsnzmkvwPOP-smdxzR6SP0MEeQ-Ci9-WN0x3dP0P2znCN_in4ez0pMcU7B4GUHY4zFY46m_4iP8NXEqozTIha8Cni9iRzg8Zc_xLH0HOemPIfYdA4nJxitFUPAixMpCc6kQRfP0PfTk2_Hn8vcZKFseS23Ze1qLkzFnVDGGi8CBcxYM9sEIgDqBGK5kpZZblrlbeUUIwBrW-lZcDymMZ-jvW7V-X2Ebct8TZVvuHTMEG8BjNTGNIYqa4khBSKjwHWbGchjI4wrPZaaXeqoJB2VpJOSCvR-GrNO_Bs3Xv0p6nG6MnJnDwfAonS2KH2bRRWIjlagx-WpMKHCjZY3Plr8a5Tv85zQa6L7Wlf6K4REsAGqYRGQUlqgZhqZw56kyVuf-HY0UQ1zQkz0mM6vrntNI4karSF4LtCLZLKTSKjkELiQqkByZswzmc3PdMuLgXecxDbwACde_g8pv0IP4rekqrvXaG-7ufZv0L32x3bZbw7QXbGQB8M_DfuzXye_AZgNUKE
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cardiovascular+disease+in+Arab+Americans%3A+A+literature+review+of+prevalence%2C+risk+factors%2C+and+directions+for+future+research&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+cardiology&rft.au=Lababidi%2C+Hossam&rft.au=Lababidi%2C+Ghena&rft.au=Rifai%2C+Mahmoud+Al&rft.au=Nasir%2C+Khurram&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft.issn=2666-6677&rft.eissn=2666-6677&rft.volume=18&rft.spage=100665&rft.epage=100665&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ajpc.2024.100665&rft.externalDBID=ECK1-s2.0-S2666667724000333&rft.externalDocID=1_s2_0_S2666667724000333
thumbnail_m http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.clinicalkey.com%2Fck-thumbnails%2F26666677%2Fcov200h.gif