Radioactive contamination in feral dogs in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: Population body-burden survey and implications for human radiation exposure

This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137 Cs and external β -emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was per...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one Jg. 18; H. 7; S. e0283206
Hauptverfasser:	Hecla, Jake, Kambarian, Erik, Tubbs, Robert, McKinley, Carla, Berliner, Aaron J., Russell, Kayla, Spatola, Gabrielle, Chertok, Jordan, Braun, Weston, Hank, Natalia, Marquette, Courtney, Betz, Jennifer, Paik, Terry, Chenery, Marie, Cagan, Alex, Willis, Carl, Mousseau, Tim
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Public Library of Science 20.07.2023
Schlagworte:	Animal welfare Animals Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Cesium 137 Cesium isotopes Cesium radioisotopes Contamination Dogs Emitters Exclusion zones Feral dogs Feral populations Food contamination Gamma rays Health aspects Health risks Invasions Medicine and Health Sciences Nuclear accidents Nuclear energy Nuclear power plants Nuclear reactors Nuclear safety Observations Physical Sciences Polls & surveys Pollution surveys Prey Prey selection Radiation Radiation effects Radioactive contamination Radioactive pollution Radioactivity Radioisotopes Research and analysis methods Sensors Surveys Ukraine
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137 Cs and external β -emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β -sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137 Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137 Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137 Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137 Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards.
AbstractList	This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal .sup.137 Cs and external [beta]-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld [beta]-sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal .sup.137 Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External [beta] contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal .sup.137 Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ~100 Bq/kg in 2017, ~30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had .sup.137 Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the .sup.137 Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards. This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137Cs and external β-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β-sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards. This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137 Cs and external β -emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β -sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137 Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137 Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137 Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137 Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards. This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137 Cs and external β -emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β -sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137 Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137 Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137 Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137 Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards. This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137Cs and external β-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β-sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards.This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137Cs and external β-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β-sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards.
Audience	Academic
Author	Tubbs, Robert Cagan, Alex Russell, Kayla Betz, Jennifer Spatola, Gabrielle Chertok, Jordan Marquette, Courtney Willis, Carl Berliner, Aaron J. McKinley, Carla Chenery, Marie Braun, Weston Paik, Terry Hecla, Jake Mousseau, Tim Kambarian, Erik Hank, Natalia
AuthorAffiliation	4 Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America 5 School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 9 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America 10 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom 3 Tubbs Nuclear Consulting, Auburn, Washington, United States of America 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America 7 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America 2 Clean Futures Fund, Godfrey, Illinois, United States of America 8 Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America 11 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America Columbia University, UNITED STATES 6 Department of Biological Sciences, Unive
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Tubbs Nuclear Consulting, Auburn, Washington, United States of America – name: 5 School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland – name: 7 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America – name: Columbia University, UNITED STATES – name: 10 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom – name: 6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South California, United States of America – name: 8 Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America – name: 9 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America – name: 4 Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America – name: 2 Clean Futures Fund, Godfrey, Illinois, United States of America – name: 11 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America – name: 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvrad_2025_107786
Cites_doi	10.1111/1467-8322.12620 10.1007/s00411-006-0054-3 10.1097/HP.0b013e31821e123f 10.1097/HP.0b013e318229b394 10.14505//jemt.11.7(47).14 10.1097/01.HP.0000281179.03443.2e 10.1007/s00411-005-0018-z 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01102-0 10.1007/s00411-020-00850-1 10.1038/nrc845 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102015 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.017 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024827 10.1093/jrr/rry079
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: RT was employed by the company Tubbs Nuclear Consulting (and likewise volunteered his time). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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Snippet	This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137 Cs and external β -emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the... This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137Cs and external β-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the... This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal .sup.137 Cs and external [beta]-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near... This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137 Cs and external β -emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the...
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SubjectTerms	Animal welfare Animals Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Cesium 137 Cesium isotopes Cesium radioisotopes Contamination Dogs Emitters Exclusion zones Feral dogs Feral populations Food contamination Gamma rays Health aspects Health risks Invasions Medicine and Health Sciences Nuclear accidents Nuclear energy Nuclear power plants Nuclear reactors Nuclear safety Observations Physical Sciences Polls & surveys Pollution surveys Prey Prey selection Radiation Radiation effects Radioactive contamination Radioactive pollution Radioactivity Radioisotopes Research and analysis methods Sensors Surveys
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Title	Radioactive contamination in feral dogs in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: Population body-burden survey and implications for human radiation exposure
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