Nitrate pollution of groundwater; all right…, but nothing else?

Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Science of the total environment Vol. 539; pp. 241 - 251
Main Authors:	Menció, Anna, Mas-Pla, Josep, Otero, Neus, Regàs, Oriol, Boy-Roura, Mercè, Puig, Roger, Bach, Joan, Domènech, Cristina, Zamorano, Manel, Brusi, David, Folch, Albert
Format:	Journal Article Publication
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2016
Subjects:	Agriculture Aigües subterrànies Aquifers calcium chlorides Contaminació Enginyeria civil Entrances Environmental Monitoring Fertilization fertilizer application Geologia Groundwater Groundwater - chemistry Groundwater management Hidrologia subterrània hydrochemistry ions magnesium multivariate analysis nitrate isotopes nitrate pollution Nitrates Nitrates - analysis Pollution Pollution abatement potassium Resources management sodium Spain sulfates water management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Supply - statistics & numerical data water-rock interaction Àrees temàtiques de la UPC Spain Spain, Catalonia nitrate isotopes water-rock interaction groundwater hydrochemistry multivariate analysis nitrate pollution
ISSN:	0048-9697, 1879-1026
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include 5 different aquifer types, to investigate the influence of fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that intense fertilizer application, causing high nitrate pollution in aquifers, also homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+). Thus, when groundwater in igneous and sedimentary aquifers is compared, significant differences are observed under natural conditions for Cl-, Na+ and Ca2+ (with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.038), and when high nitrate concentrations occur, these differences are reduced (most p-values ranged between 0.054 and 0.978). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry (with R2 values of 0.490, 0.609 and 0.470, for SO42-, Ca2+ and Cl-, respectively). Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to agricultural pollution, but to their enhancing effect upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that these processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess an adequate groundwater resources management. [Display omitted] •The effects of nitrate pollution have been evaluated in five different aquifer types•Statistical and multivariate analyses are used to identify groundwater changes•Agricultural pollution modifies groundwater conditions and geochemical processes•Manure application affects major ions concentration in all studied aquifers
AbstractList	Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include 5 different aquifer types, to investigate the influence of fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that intense fertilizer application, causing high nitrate pollution in aquifers, also homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl(-), SO4(2-), Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), and Mg(2+)). Thus, when groundwater in igneous and sedimentary aquifers is compared, significant differences are observed under natural conditions for Cl(-), Na(+) and Ca(2+) (with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.038), and when high nitrate concentrations occur, these differences are reduced (most p-values ranged between 0.054 and 0.978). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry (with R(2) values of 0.490, 0.609 and 0.470, for SO4(2-), Ca(2+) and Cl(-), respectively). Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to agricultural pollution, but to their enhancing effect upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that these processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess an adequate groundwater resources management. Peer Reviewed Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include 5 different aquifer types, to investigate the influence of fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that intense fertilizer application, causing high nitrate pollution in aquifers, also homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl-, SO4 2-, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+). Thus, when groundwater in igneous and sedimentary aquifers is compared, significant differences are observed under natural conditions for Cl-, Na+ and Ca2+ (with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.038), and when high nitrate concentrations occur, these differences are reduced (most p-values ranged between 0.054 and 0.978). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry (with R2 values of 0.490, 0.609 and 0.470, for SO4 2-, Ca2+ and Cl-, respectively). Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to agricultural pollution, but to their enhancing effect upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that these processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess an adequate groundwater resources management. Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include 5 different aquifer types, to investigate the influence of fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that intense fertilizer application, causing high nitrate pollution in aquifers, also homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl(-), SO4(2-), Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), and Mg(2+)). Thus, when groundwater in igneous and sedimentary aquifers is compared, significant differences are observed under natural conditions for Cl(-), Na(+) and Ca(2+) (with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.038), and when high nitrate concentrations occur, these differences are reduced (most p-values ranged between 0.054 and 0.978). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry (with R(2) values of 0.490, 0.609 and 0.470, for SO4(2-), Ca(2+) and Cl(-), respectively). Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to agricultural pollution, but to their enhancing effect upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that these processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess an adequate groundwater resources management. Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include 5 different aquifer types, to investigate the influence of fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that intense fertilizer application, causing high nitrate pollution in aquifers, also homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+). Thus, when groundwater in igneous and sedimentary aquifers is compared, significant differences are observed under natural conditions for Cl-, Na+ and Ca2+ (with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.038), and when high nitrate concentrations occur, these differences are reduced (most p-values ranged between 0.054 and 0.978). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry (with R2 values of 0.490, 0.609 and 0.470, for SO42-, Ca2+ and Cl-, respectively). Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to agricultural pollution, but to their enhancing effect upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that these processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess an adequate groundwater resources management. [Display omitted] •The effects of nitrate pollution have been evaluated in five different aquifer types•Statistical and multivariate analyses are used to identify groundwater changes•Agricultural pollution modifies groundwater conditions and geochemical processes•Manure application affects major ions concentration in all studied aquifers Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include 5 different aquifer types, to investigate the influence of fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that intense fertilizer application, causing high nitrate pollution in aquifers, also homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+). Thus, when groundwater in igneous and sedimentary aquifers is compared, significant differences are observed under natural conditions for Cl-, Na+ and Ca2+ (with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.038), and when high nitrate concentrations occur, these differences are reduced (most p-values ranged between 0.054 and 0.978). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry (with R2 values of 0.490, 0.609 and 0.470, for SO42-, Ca2+ and Cl-, respectively). Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to agricultural pollution, but to their enhancing effect upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that these processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess an adequate groundwater resources management.
Author	Menció, Anna Brusi, David Folch, Albert Boy-Roura, Mercè Otero, Neus Puig, Roger Domènech, Cristina Mas-Pla, Josep Regàs, Oriol Zamorano, Manel Bach, Joan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Anna orcidid: 0000-0001-6023-5862 surname: Menció fullname: Menció, Anna email: anna.mencio@udg.edu organization: Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Centre de Recerca en Geologia i Cartografia Ambiental (Geocamb), Deptartament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Josep surname: Mas-Pla fullname: Mas-Pla, Josep email: jmas@icra.cat organization: Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Centre de Recerca en Geologia i Cartografia Ambiental (Geocamb), Deptartament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Neus surname: Otero fullname: Otero, Neus email: notero@ub.edu organization: Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès, s/n – 08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 4 givenname: Oriol surname: Regàs fullname: Regàs, Oriol organization: Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Centre de Recerca en Geologia i Cartografia Ambiental (Geocamb), Deptartament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain – sequence: 5 givenname: Mercè surname: Boy-Roura fullname: Boy-Roura, Mercè organization: Institut Català de Recerca de l’Aigua (ICRA), Spain – sequence: 6 givenname: Roger surname: Puig fullname: Puig, Roger organization: Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès, s/n – 08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 7 givenname: Joan surname: Bach fullname: Bach, Joan email: joan.bach@uab.cat organization: Àrea de Geodinàmica Externa i Hidrogeologia, Deptartament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain – sequence: 8 givenname: Cristina orcidid: 0000-0003-1958-4280 surname: Domènech fullname: Domènech, Cristina organization: Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès, s/n – 08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 9 givenname: Manel surname: Zamorano fullname: Zamorano, Manel organization: Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Centre de Recerca en Geologia i Cartografia Ambiental (Geocamb), Deptartament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain – sequence: 10 givenname: David surname: Brusi fullname: Brusi, David organization: Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Centre de Recerca en Geologia i Cartografia Ambiental (Geocamb), Deptartament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain – sequence: 11 givenname: Albert surname: Folch fullname: Folch, Albert email: folch.hydro@gmail.com organization: Grup d’Hidrologia Subterrània, Dept. D’Enginyeria del Terreny, Cartogràfica i Geofísica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, Spain
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26363397$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of...
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SubjectTerms	Agriculture Aigües subterrànies Aquifers calcium chlorides Contaminació Enginyeria civil Entrances Environmental Monitoring Fertilization fertilizer application Geologia Groundwater Groundwater - chemistry Groundwater management Hidrologia subterrània hydrochemistry ions magnesium multivariate analysis nitrate isotopes nitrate pollution Nitrates Nitrates - analysis Pollution Pollution abatement potassium Resources management sodium Spain sulfates water management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Supply - statistics & numerical data water-rock interaction Àrees temàtiques de la UPC
Title	Nitrate pollution of groundwater; all right…, but nothing else?
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