Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable

Abstract Context The effects of energy-balanced bed rest on metabolic flexibility have not been thoroughly examined. Objective We investigated the effects of 21 days of bed rest, with and without whey protein supplementation, on metabolic flexibility while maintaining energy balance. We hypothesized...

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Vydané v:	The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Ročník 103; číslo 5; s. 1910 - 1920
Hlavní autori:	Rudwill, Floriane, O’Gorman, Donal, Lefai, Etienne, Chery, Isabelle, Zahariev, Alexandre, Normand, Sylvie, Pagano, Allan F, Chopard, Angèle, Damiot, Anthony, Laurens, Claire, Hodson, Leanne, Canet-Soulas, Emmanuelle, Heer, Martina, Meuthen, Petra Frings, Buehlmeier, Judith, Baecker, Natalie, Meiller, Laure, Gauquelin-Koch, Guillemette, Blanc, Stéphane, Simon, Chantal, Bergouignan, Audrey
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Washington, DC Endocrine Society 01.05.2018 Copyright Oxford University Press Oxford University Press
Predmet:	Adipose Tissue - metabolism Adiposity - physiology Adult Antioxidants Atrophy Bed Rest - adverse effects Biomarkers - blood Biomarkers - metabolism Body composition Body Composition - physiology Body fat Chromium Clinical s Cross-Over Studies Diet Dietary supplements Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Early Diagnosis Endocrinology and metabolism Energy balance Energy Metabolism - physiology Fat-free body mass Flexibility Glucose Glucose Intolerance - diagnosis Glucose Intolerance - etiology Glucose Intolerance - metabolism Glucose tolerance Human health and pathology Humans Immobilization Inflammation Insulin Insulin Resistance - physiology Intolerance Life Sciences Longitudinal Studies Magnetic resonance imaging Male Metabolism Oxidative stress Protein structure Proteins Supplements Time Factors Whey protein pliability muscle squelettique flexibilité masse grasse diabète type 2 voluntary muscle fat mass résistance à l'insuline
ISSN:	0021-972X, 1945-7197, 1945-7197
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Shrnutí:	Abstract Context The effects of energy-balanced bed rest on metabolic flexibility have not been thoroughly examined. Objective We investigated the effects of 21 days of bed rest, with and without whey protein supplementation, on metabolic flexibility while maintaining energy balance. We hypothesized that protein supplementation mitigates metabolic inflexibility by preventing muscle atrophy. Design and Setting Randomized crossover longitudinal study conducted at the German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany. Participants and Interventions Ten healthy men were randomly assigned to dietary countermeasure or isocaloric control diet during a 21-day bed rest. Outcome Measures Before and at the end of the bed rest, metabolic flexibility was assessed during a meal test. Secondary outcomes were glucose tolerance by oral glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, ectopic fat storage by magnetic resonance imaging, and inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Results Bed rest decreased the ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation when transitioning from fasted to fed states (i.e., metabolic inflexibility), antioxidant capacity, fat-free mass (FFM), and muscle insulin sensitivity along with greater fat deposition in muscle (P < 0.05 for all). Changes in fasting insulin and inflammation were not observed. However, glucose tolerance was reduced during acute overfeeding. Protein supplementation did not prevent FFM loss and metabolic alterations. Conclusions Physical inactivity triggers metabolic inflexibility, even when energy balance is maintained. Although reduced insulin sensitivity and increased fat deposition were observed at the muscle level, systemic glucose intolerance was detected only in response to a moderately high-fat meal. This finding supports the role of physical inactivity in metabolic inflexibility and suggests that metabolic inflexibility precedes systemic glucose intolerance. Bed-rest–induced physical inactivity triggers metabolic inflexibility, which can be used as an early marker of metabolic disturbances developed in response to the adoption of sedentary behaviors.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 PMCID: PMC7263792 These authors contributed equally to the work.
ISSN:	0021-972X 1945-7197 1945-7197
DOI:	10.1210/jc.2017-02267