Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique

Background/Objectives: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique. Subjects/Methods: Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique char...

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Published in:European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 67; no. Suppl 1; pp. S54 - S59
Main Author: Moon, J R
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2013
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/1647/2204/1453
692/700
Adipose Tissue
Anatomy & physiology
Anthropometry - methods
Athletes
Bioelectricity
Body Composition
Body fat
Body Fluid Compartments
Body water
Clinical Nutrition
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Electric Impedance
Epidemiology
Fat-free body mass
Humans
Impedance
Impedance, Bioelectric
Internal Medicine
Mathematical models
Measurement
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Nutrition
Nutrition research
Physiological aspects
Public Health
review
Sports
Sports medicine
Sports nutrition
Validation Studies as Topic
United States
multiple-compartment
body composition
tracking changes
validity
hydration
ISSN:0954-3007, 1476-5640, 1476-5640
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Abstract Background/Objectives: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique. Subjects/Methods: Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes. Results: Although extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW). Conclusions: Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.
AbstractList Background/Objectives:The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique.Subjects/Methods:Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes.Results:Although extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW).Conclusions:Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, S54-S59; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.165
The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique. Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes. Although extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW). Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.
The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique.Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes.SUBJECTS/METHODSVarious body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes.Although extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW).RESULTSAlthough extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW).Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.CONCLUSIONSUntil a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes. RESULTS: Although extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW). CONCLUSIONS: Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete- specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, S54-S59; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.165 Keywords: body composition; validity; hydration; tracking changes; multiple-compartment
Background/Objectives: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique. Subjects/Methods: Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when predicting fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Basic principles of BIA are discussed, and past uses of the BIA technique in athletes are explored. Single-prediction validation studies and studies tracking changes in FM and FFM are discussed with applications for athletes. Results: Although extensive research in the area of BIA and athletes has been conducted, there remains a large gap in the literature pertaining to a single generalised athlete equation developed using a multiple-compartment model that includes total body water (TBW). Conclusions: Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.
Audience Professional
Academic
Author Moon, J R
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: J R
  surname: Moon
  fullname: Moon, J R
  email: jordan@musclepharm.com
  organization: Department of Sports Exercise Science, United States Sports Academy, MusclePharm Sports Science Center Research Institute
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299872$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013
COPYRIGHT 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2013
Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013.
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Keywords multiple-compartment
body composition
tracking changes
validity
hydration
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PublicationTitle European journal of clinical nutrition
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Snippet Background/Objectives: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the...
The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the bioelectrical impedance...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the...
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Various body composition methods are discussed, as well as the unique characteristics of athletes that can lead to large errors when...
Background/Objectives:The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the...
Background/ Objectives: The purpose of the current review was to evaluate how body composition can be utilised in athletes, paying particular attention to the...
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SubjectTerms 631/1647/2204/1453
692/700
Adipose Tissue
Anatomy & physiology
Anthropometry - methods
Athletes
Bioelectricity
Body Composition
Body fat
Body Fluid Compartments
Body water
Clinical Nutrition
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Electric Impedance
Epidemiology
Fat-free body mass
Humans
Impedance
Impedance, Bioelectric
Internal Medicine
Mathematical models
Measurement
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Nutrition
Nutrition research
Physiological aspects
Public Health
review
Sports
Sports medicine
Sports nutrition
Validation Studies as Topic
Title Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/ejcn.2012.165
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