The dynamic role of genetics on cortical patterning during childhood and adolescence

Longitudinal imaging and quantitative genetic studies have both provided important insights into the nature of human brain development. In the present study we combine these modalities to obtain dynamic anatomical maps of the genetic contributions to cortical thickness through childhood and adolesce...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 111; no. 18; p. 6774
Main Authors:	Schmitt, J Eric, Neale, Michael C, Fassassi, Bilqis, Perez, Javier, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Wells, Elizabeth M, Giedd, Jay N
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 06.05.2014
Subjects:	Adolescent Body Patterning - genetics Cerebral Cortex - growth & development Child Female Frontal Lobe - growth & development Genetic Variation Humans Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuroimaging Organ Size - genetics Parietal Lobe - growth & development Prospective Studies Siblings Temporal Lobe - growth & development Twins, Dizygotic - genetics Twins, Monozygotic - genetics Young Adult neurodevelopment twin research
ISSN:	1091-6490, 1091-6490
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Abstract	Longitudinal imaging and quantitative genetic studies have both provided important insights into the nature of human brain development. In the present study we combine these modalities to obtain dynamic anatomical maps of the genetic contributions to cortical thickness through childhood and adolescence. A total of 1,748 anatomic MRI scans from 792 healthy twins and siblings were studied with up to eight time points per subject. Using genetically informative latent growth curve modeling of 81,924 measures of cortical thickness, changes in the genetic contributions to cortical development could be visualized across the age range at high resolution. There was highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) genetic variance throughout the majority of the cerebral cortex, with the regions of highest heritability including the most evolutionarily novel regions of the brain. Dynamic modeling of changes in heritability over time demonstrated that the heritability of cortical thickness increases gradually throughout late childhood and adolescence, with sequential emergence of three large regions of high heritability in the temporal poles, the inferior parietal lobes, and the superior and dorsolateral frontal cortices.
AbstractList	Longitudinal imaging and quantitative genetic studies have both provided important insights into the nature of human brain development. In the present study we combine these modalities to obtain dynamic anatomical maps of the genetic contributions to cortical thickness through childhood and adolescence. A total of 1,748 anatomic MRI scans from 792 healthy twins and siblings were studied with up to eight time points per subject. Using genetically informative latent growth curve modeling of 81,924 measures of cortical thickness, changes in the genetic contributions to cortical development could be visualized across the age range at high resolution. There was highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) genetic variance throughout the majority of the cerebral cortex, with the regions of highest heritability including the most evolutionarily novel regions of the brain. Dynamic modeling of changes in heritability over time demonstrated that the heritability of cortical thickness increases gradually throughout late childhood and adolescence, with sequential emergence of three large regions of high heritability in the temporal poles, the inferior parietal lobes, and the superior and dorsolateral frontal cortices.Longitudinal imaging and quantitative genetic studies have both provided important insights into the nature of human brain development. In the present study we combine these modalities to obtain dynamic anatomical maps of the genetic contributions to cortical thickness through childhood and adolescence. A total of 1,748 anatomic MRI scans from 792 healthy twins and siblings were studied with up to eight time points per subject. Using genetically informative latent growth curve modeling of 81,924 measures of cortical thickness, changes in the genetic contributions to cortical development could be visualized across the age range at high resolution. There was highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) genetic variance throughout the majority of the cerebral cortex, with the regions of highest heritability including the most evolutionarily novel regions of the brain. Dynamic modeling of changes in heritability over time demonstrated that the heritability of cortical thickness increases gradually throughout late childhood and adolescence, with sequential emergence of three large regions of high heritability in the temporal poles, the inferior parietal lobes, and the superior and dorsolateral frontal cortices. Longitudinal imaging and quantitative genetic studies have both provided important insights into the nature of human brain development. In the present study we combine these modalities to obtain dynamic anatomical maps of the genetic contributions to cortical thickness through childhood and adolescence. A total of 1,748 anatomic MRI scans from 792 healthy twins and siblings were studied with up to eight time points per subject. Using genetically informative latent growth curve modeling of 81,924 measures of cortical thickness, changes in the genetic contributions to cortical development could be visualized across the age range at high resolution. There was highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) genetic variance throughout the majority of the cerebral cortex, with the regions of highest heritability including the most evolutionarily novel regions of the brain. Dynamic modeling of changes in heritability over time demonstrated that the heritability of cortical thickness increases gradually throughout late childhood and adolescence, with sequential emergence of three large regions of high heritability in the temporal poles, the inferior parietal lobes, and the superior and dorsolateral frontal cortices.
Author	Giedd, Jay N Schmitt, J Eric Fassassi, Bilqis Lenroot, Rhoshel K Perez, Javier Neale, Michael C Wells, Elizabeth M
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Body Patterning - genetics Cerebral Cortex - growth & development Child Female Frontal Lobe - growth & development Genetic Variation Humans Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuroimaging Organ Size - genetics Parietal Lobe - growth & development Prospective Studies Siblings Temporal Lobe - growth & development Twins, Dizygotic - genetics Twins, Monozygotic - genetics Young Adult
Title	The dynamic role of genetics on cortical patterning during childhood and adolescence
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