Association of vitamin A deficiency with early childhood stunting in Uganda: A population-based cross-sectional study

Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the ass...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one Jg. 15; H. 5; S. e0233615
Hauptverfasser: Ssentongo, Paddy, Ba, Djibril M., Ssentongo, Anna E., Fronterre, Claudio, Whalen, Andrew, Yang, Yanxu, Ericson, Jessica E., Chinchilli, Vernon M.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Public Library of Science 29.05.2020
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ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
AbstractList BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.MethodWe analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.ResultsThe prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.ConclusionVitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. Method We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.BACKGROUNDDespite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.METHODWe analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.RESULTSThe prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.CONCLUSIONVitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. Method We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6–59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.
Audience Academic
Author Fronterre, Claudio
Ba, Djibril M.
Ericson, Jessica E.
Yang, Yanxu
Chinchilli, Vernon M.
Ssentongo, Paddy
Ssentongo, Anna E.
Whalen, Andrew
AuthorAffiliation 4 Center for Applied Studies in Health Economics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, ETHIOPIA
1 Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
2 Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
5 Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
3 Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
6 Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
– name: Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, ETHIOPIA
– name: 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
– name: 4 Center for Applied Studies in Health Economics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
– name: 2 Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
– name: 6 Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
– name: 1 Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
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  fullname: Ssentongo, Paddy
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  surname: Ba
  fullname: Ba, Djibril M.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Anna E.
  surname: Ssentongo
  fullname: Ssentongo, Anna E.
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-6723-9727
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  givenname: Andrew
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0782-9300
  surname: Whalen
  fullname: Whalen, Andrew
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Yanxu
  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, Yanxu
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Jessica E.
  surname: Ericson
  fullname: Ericson, Jessica E.
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Vernon M.
  surname: Chinchilli
  fullname: Chinchilli, Vernon M.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470055$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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– notice: 2020 Ssentongo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2020 Ssentongo et al 2020 Ssentongo et al
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Snippet Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in...
Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been...
BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been...
Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been...
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Biology and Life Sciences
Child, Preschool
Childhood
Children
Children & youth
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Cross-Sectional Studies
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Epidemiology
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Infant
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Malnutrition
Medical schools
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mortality
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition
Nutritional status
Odds Ratio
Pediatric research
People and Places
Physical sciences
Population
Population density
Population studies
Population-based studies
Preschool children
Prevalence
Protein-energy malnutrition
Public health
Retinene
Risk factors
Supplementation
Supplements
Thinness - complications
Thinness - epidemiology
Uganda - epidemiology
Underweight
Vitamin A
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A Deficiency - complications
Vitamin A Deficiency - epidemiology
Vitamin deficiency
Wasting Syndrome - complications
Wasting Syndrome - epidemiology
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Title Association of vitamin A deficiency with early childhood stunting in Uganda: A population-based cross-sectional study
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