Association of vitamin A deficiency with early childhood stunting in Uganda: A population-based cross-sectional study
Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the ass...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one Jg. 15; H. 5; S. e0233615 |
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29.05.2020
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| Abstract | Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.
We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.
The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.
Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. |
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| AbstractList | BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.MethodWe analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.ResultsThe prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.ConclusionVitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. Method We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.BACKGROUNDDespite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda.We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.METHODWe analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight.The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.RESULTSThe prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight.Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables.CONCLUSIONVitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. Method We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6–59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Fronterre, Claudio Ba, Djibril M. Ericson, Jessica E. Yang, Yanxu Chinchilli, Vernon M. Ssentongo, Paddy Ssentongo, Anna E. Whalen, Andrew |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Center for Applied Studies in Health Economics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, ETHIOPIA 1 Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America 2 Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America 5 Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America 6 Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom – name: Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, ETHIOPIA – name: 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America – name: 4 Center for Applied Studies in Health Economics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America – name: 6 Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America – name: 1 Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Paddy orcidid: 0000-0003-1565-5731 surname: Ssentongo fullname: Ssentongo, Paddy – sequence: 2 givenname: Djibril M. surname: Ba fullname: Ba, Djibril M. – sequence: 3 givenname: Anna E. surname: Ssentongo fullname: Ssentongo, Anna E. – sequence: 4 givenname: Claudio orcidid: 0000-0001-6723-9727 surname: Fronterre fullname: Fronterre, Claudio – sequence: 5 givenname: Andrew orcidid: 0000-0002-0782-9300 surname: Whalen fullname: Whalen, Andrew – sequence: 6 givenname: Yanxu surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yanxu – sequence: 7 givenname: Jessica E. surname: Ericson fullname: Ericson, Jessica E. – sequence: 8 givenname: Vernon M. surname: Chinchilli fullname: Chinchilli, Vernon M. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470055$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science 2020 Ssentongo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2020 Ssentongo et al 2020 Ssentongo et al |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0233615 |
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| Snippet | Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in... Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been... BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been... Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Agricultural land Agriculture Biology and Life Sciences Child, Preschool Childhood Children Children & youth Complications and side effects Cross-Sectional Studies Datasets Engineering Epidemiology Farmlands Growing season Growth disorders Growth Disorders - complications Growth Disorders - epidemiology Health aspects Health sciences Humans Infant Livestock Livestock farming Malnutrition Medical schools Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Nutrient deficiency Nutrition Nutritional status Odds Ratio Pediatric research People and Places Physical sciences Population Population density Population studies Population-based studies Preschool children Prevalence Protein-energy malnutrition Public health Retinene Risk factors Supplementation Supplements Thinness - complications Thinness - epidemiology Uganda - epidemiology Underweight Vitamin A Vitamin A deficiency Vitamin A Deficiency - complications Vitamin A Deficiency - epidemiology Vitamin deficiency Wasting Syndrome - complications Wasting Syndrome - epidemiology |
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| Title | Association of vitamin A deficiency with early childhood stunting in Uganda: A population-based cross-sectional study |
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| Volume | 15 |
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