Nanocomposite containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles for caries inhibition
The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO 4) ion release to combat caries, and inv...
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| Vydané v: | Dental materials Ročník 27; číslo 8; s. 762 - 769 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2011
|
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 0109-5641, 1879-0097, 1879-0097 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
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| Abstract | The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO
4) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties.
NACP (diameter
=
116
nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO
4 ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level.
Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66
±
0.05)
mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33
±
0.08) at 10% NACP (
p
<
0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO
4 release at 28 d was (1.84
±
0.12)
mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59
±
0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12
±
0.01) at pH 7 (
p
<
0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96
±
13)
MPa at pH 4, similar to (89
±
13)
MPa at pH 5.5, and (89
±
19)
MPa at pH 7 (
p
>
0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control.
NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca–PO
4 composites. The nanocomposite was “smart” as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract Objectives The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4 ) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties. Methods NACP (diameter = 116 nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO4 ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level. Results Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66 ± 0.05) mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33 ± 0.08) at 10% NACP ( p < 0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO4 release at 28 d was (1.84 ± 0.12) mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59 ± 0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12 ± 0.01) at pH 7 ( p < 0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96 ± 13) MPa at pH 4, similar to (89 ± 13) MPa at pH 5.5, and (89 ± 19) MPa at pH 7 ( p > 0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control. Significance NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca–PO4 composites. The nanocomposite was “smart” as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO 4) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties. NACP (diameter = 116 nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO 4 ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level. Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66 ± 0.05) mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33 ± 0.08) at 10% NACP ( p < 0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO 4 release at 28 d was (1.84 ± 0.12) mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59 ± 0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12 ± 0.01) at pH 7 ( p < 0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96 ± 13) MPa at pH 4, similar to (89 ± 13) MPa at pH 5.5, and (89 ± 19) MPa at pH 7 ( p > 0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control. NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca–PO 4 composites. The nanocomposite was “smart” as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO(4)) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties.OBJECTIVESThe main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO(4)) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties.NACP (diameter=116 nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO(4) ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level.METHODSNACP (diameter=116 nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO(4) ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level.Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66±0.05)mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33±0.08) at 10% NACP (p<0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO(4) release at 28 d was (1.84±0.12)mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59±0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12±0.01) at pH 7 (p<0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96±13)MPa at pH 4, similar to (89±13)MPa at pH 5.5, and (89±19)MPa at pH 7 (p>0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control.RESULTSIncreasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66±0.05)mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33±0.08) at 10% NACP (p<0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO(4) release at 28 d was (1.84±0.12)mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59±0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12±0.01) at pH 7 (p<0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96±13)MPa at pH 4, similar to (89±13)MPa at pH 5.5, and (89±19)MPa at pH 7 (p>0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control.NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca-PO(4) composites. The nanocomposite was "smart" as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations.SIGNIFICANCENACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca-PO(4) composites. The nanocomposite was "smart" as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. Objectives The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties. Methods NACP (diameter=116nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO4 ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level. Results Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66+/-0.05)mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33+/-0.08) at 10% NACP (p <0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO4 release at 28 d was (1.84+/-0.12)mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59+/-0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12+/-0.01) at pH 7 (p <0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96+/-13)MPa at pH 4, similar to (89+/-13)MPa at pH 5.5, and (89+/-19)MPa at pH 7 (p >0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control. Significance NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca-PO4 composites. The nanocomposite was "smart" as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO(4)) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties. NACP (diameter=116 nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO(4) ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level. Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66±0.05)mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33±0.08) at 10% NACP (p<0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO(4) release at 28 d was (1.84±0.12)mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59±0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12±0.01) at pH 7 (p<0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96±13)MPa at pH 4, similar to (89±13)MPa at pH 5.5, and (89±19)MPa at pH 7 (p>0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control. NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca-PO(4) composites. The nanocomposite was "smart" as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. |
| Author | Sun, Limin Moreau, Jennifer L. Chow, Laurence C. Xu, Hockin H.K. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 2 Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA – name: 1 Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hockin H.K. surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Hockin H.K. email: hxu@umaryland.edu organization: Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Jennifer L. surname: Moreau fullname: Moreau, Jennifer L. organization: Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Limin surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Limin organization: Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Laurence C. surname: Chow fullname: Chow, Laurence C. organization: Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514655$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Filler level Dental nanocomposite Ion release Caries inhibition Stress-bearing Amorphous calcium phosphate |
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| Snippet | The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles... Abstract Objectives The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize... Objectives The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel... |
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| SubjectTerms | Advanced Basic Science Amorphous calcium phosphate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate - chemistry Calcium Phosphates - chemical synthesis Calcium Phosphates - chemistry Caries inhibition Cariostatic Agents - chemical synthesis Cariostatic Agents - chemistry Composite Resins - chemical synthesis Composite Resins - chemistry Dental Materials - chemical synthesis Dental Materials - chemistry Dental nanocomposite Dentistry Diffusion Elastic Modulus Filler level Glass - chemistry Glass Ionomer Cements - chemistry Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ion release Materials Testing Nanocomposites - chemistry Nanoparticles - chemistry Pliability Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry Polymethacrylic Acids - chemistry Resin Cements - chemistry Stress, Mechanical Stress-bearing Surface Properties Time Factors X-Ray Diffraction |
| Title | Nanocomposite containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles for caries inhibition |
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