Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance

Ingestion of innocuous antigens, including food proteins, normally results in local and systemic immune nonresponsiveness in a process termed oral tolerance. Oral tolerance to food proteins is likely to be intimately linked to mechanisms that are responsible for gastrointestinal tolerance to large n...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Jg. 137; H. 4; S. 984 - 997
Hauptverfasser:	Chinthrajah, R. Sharon, Hernandez, Joseph D., Boyd, Scott D., Galli, Stephen J., Nadeau, Kari C.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.04.2016 Elsevier Limited
Schlagworte:	Allergens - immunology Allergy and Immunology Antigens basophils Chemokines Cytokines Dendritic cells Dermatitis, Atopic - complications Dermatitis, Atopic - immunology desensitization Desensitization, Immunologic - methods Dietary Proteins - immunology Food Food allergies Food allergy Food Hypersensitivity - etiology Food Hypersensitivity - immunology Food Hypersensitivity - microbiology Food Hypersensitivity - therapy Gastrointestinal Microbiome Homeostasis Human subjects Humans Immune Tolerance Immunoglobulins Immunotherapy Inflammation Ligands Lymphatic system Lymphocytes mast cells microbiome Probiotics - therapeutic use Proteins regulatory T cells Risk Factors sensitization Studies T cell receptors tolerance Food allergy SLIT GALT regulatory T cells DNFB Treg GPR basophils mast cells microbiome SCFA desensitization MLN dendritic cells APC EPIT immunotherapy M cell sensitization OIT OVA Foxp3 tolerance DC Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Epicutaneous immunotherapy 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene Microfold cell Mesenteric lymph node Forkhead box protein 3 Regulatory T Antigen-presenting cell Dendritic cell Ovalbumin Sublingual immunotherapy Oral immunotherapy Short-chain fatty acid G protein–coupled receptor
ISSN:	0091-6749, 1097-6825, 1097-6825
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Zusammenfassung:	Ingestion of innocuous antigens, including food proteins, normally results in local and systemic immune nonresponsiveness in a process termed oral tolerance. Oral tolerance to food proteins is likely to be intimately linked to mechanisms that are responsible for gastrointestinal tolerance to large numbers of commensal microbes. Here we review our current understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for oral tolerance and how perturbations in these mechanisms might promote the loss of oral tolerance and development of food allergies. Roles for the commensal microbiome in promoting oral tolerance and the association of intestinal dysbiosis with food allergy are discussed. Growing evidence supports cutaneous sensitization to food antigens as one possible mechanism leading to the failure to develop or loss of oral tolerance. A goal of immunotherapy for food allergies is to induce sustained desensitization or even true long-term oral tolerance to food allergens through mechanisms that might in part overlap with those associated with the development of natural oral tolerance.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Co-senior authors
ISSN:	0091-6749 1097-6825 1097-6825
DOI:	10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.004