Niche conservatism as an emerging principle in ecology and conservation biology

The diversity of life is ultimately generated by evolution, and much attention has focused on the rapid evolution of ecological traits. Yet, the tendency for many ecological traits to instead remain similar over time [niche conservatism (NC)] has many consequences for the fundamental patterns and pr...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ecology letters Jg. 13; H. 10; S. 1310 - 1324
Hauptverfasser:	Wiens, John J, Ackerly, David D, Allen, Andrew P, Anacker, Brian L, Buckley, Lauren B, Cornell, Howard V, Damschen, Ellen I, Jonathan Davies, T, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Harrison, Susan P, Hawkins, Bradford A, Holt, Robert D, McCain, Christy M, Stephens, Patrick R
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell
Schlagworte:	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biodiversity Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution Climate Change Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change community assembly Conservation Conservation biology Conservation of Natural Resources disease ecology Earth, ocean, space Ecological function Ecology Ecology - trends Ecosystem ecosystems Evolutionary biology Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Food Chain Food webs Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Global warming habitat destruction habitats Host-Parasite Interactions Introduced Species Invasive species Meteorology Models, Biological niche conservatism Niches Phylogeny Research methodology Species diversity Species richness Theory trends wildlife management Destruction Disease niche conservatism Conservation Ecology Phylogeny Dynamical climatology Climate change Conservation biology Invasive species Food web Ecological niche habitat destruction food webs Habitat disease ecology Community Species richness community assembly
ISSN:	1461-023X, 1461-0248, 1461-0248
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:	The diversity of life is ultimately generated by evolution, and much attention has focused on the rapid evolution of ecological traits. Yet, the tendency for many ecological traits to instead remain similar over time [niche conservatism (NC)] has many consequences for the fundamental patterns and processes studied in ecology and conservation biology. Here, we describe the mounting evidence for the importance of NC to major topics in ecology (e.g. species richness, ecosystem function) and conservation (e.g. climate change, invasive species). We also review other areas where it may be important but has generally been overlooked, in both ecology (e.g. food webs, disease ecology, mutualistic interactions) and conservation (e.g. habitat modification). We summarize methods for testing for NC, and suggest that a commonly used and advocated method (involving a test for phylogenetic signal) is potentially problematic, and describe alternative approaches. We suggest that considering NC: (1) focuses attention on the within-species processes that cause traits to be conserved over time, (2) emphasizes connections between questions and research areas that are not obviously related (e.g. invasives, global warming, tropical richness), and (3) suggests new areas for research (e.g. why are some clades largely nocturnal? why do related species share diseases?).
Bibliographie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01515.x istex:BE13730BED400AF0F1D0B820ADDFF5307C08DED7 ark:/67375/WNG-0S90QJTR-L ArticleID:ELE1515 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Literature Review-2 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1461-023X 1461-0248 1461-0248
DOI:	10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01515.x