Referral criteria for outpatient specialty palliative cancer care: an international consensus

Although outpatient specialty palliative-care clinics improve outcomes, there is no consensus on who should be referred or the optimal timing for referral. In response to this issue, we did a Delphi study to develop consensus on a list of criteria for referral of patients with advanced cancer at sec...

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Published in:The lancet oncology Vol. 17; no. 12; pp. e552 - e559
Main Authors: Hui, David, Mori, Masanori, Watanabe, Sharon M, Caraceni, Augusto, Strasser, Florian, Saarto, Tiina, Cherny, Nathan, Glare, Paul, Kaasa, Stein, Bruera, Eduardo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2016
Elsevier Limited
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ISSN:1470-2045, 1474-5488
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Abstract Although outpatient specialty palliative-care clinics improve outcomes, there is no consensus on who should be referred or the optimal timing for referral. In response to this issue, we did a Delphi study to develop consensus on a list of criteria for referral of patients with advanced cancer at secondary or tertiary care hospitals to outpatient palliative care. 60 international experts (26 from North America, 19 from Asia and Australia, and 11 from Europe) on palliative cancer care rated 39 needs-based criteria and 22 time-based criteria in three iterative rounds. Nearly all experts responded in each round. Consensus was defined by an a-priori agreement of 70% or more. Panellists reached consensus on 11 major criteria for referral: severe physical symptoms, severe emotional symptoms, request for hastened death, spiritual or existential crisis, assistance with decision making or care planning, patient request for referral, delirium, spinal cord compression, brain or leptomeningeal metastases, within 3 months of advanced cancer diagnosis for patients with median survival of 1 year or less, and progressive disease despite second-line therapy. Consensus was also reached on 36 minor criteria for specialist palliative-care referral. These criteria, if validated, could provide guidance for identification of patients suitable for outpatient specialty palliative care.
AbstractList Although outpatient specialty palliative-care clinics improve outcomes, there is no consensus on who should be referred or the optimal timing for referral. In response to this issue, we did a Delphi study to develop consensus on a list of criteria for referral of patients with advanced cancer at secondary or tertiary care hospitals to outpatient palliative care. 60 international experts (26 from North America, 19 from Asia and Australia, and 11 from Europe) on palliative cancer care rated 39 needs-based criteria and 22 time-based criteria in three iterative rounds. Nearly all experts responded in each round. Consensus was defined by an a-priori agreement of 70% or more. Panellists reached consensus on 11 major criteria for referral: severe physical symptoms, severe emotional symptoms, request for hastened death, spiritual or existential crisis, assistance with decision making or care planning, patient request for referral, delirium, spinal cord compression, brain or leptomeningeal metastases, within 3 months of advanced cancer diagnosis for patients with median survival of 1 year or less, and progressive disease despite second-line therapy. Consensus was also reached on 36 minor criteria for specialist palliative-care referral. These criteria, if validated, could provide guidance for identification of patients suitable for outpatient specialty palliative care.
Summary Although outpatient specialty palliative-care clinics improve outcomes, there is no consensus on who should be referred or the optimal timing for referral. In response to this issue, we did a Delphi study to develop consensus on a list of criteria for referral of patients with advanced cancer at secondary or tertiary care hospitals to outpatient palliative care. 60 international experts (26 from North America, 19 from Asia and Australia, and 11 from Europe) on palliative cancer care rated 39 needs-based criteria and 22 time-based criteria in three iterative rounds. Nearly all experts responded in each round. Consensus was defined by an a-priori agreement of 70% or more. Panellists reached consensus on 11 major criteria for referral: severe physical symptoms, severe emotional symptoms, request for hastened death, spiritual or existential crisis, assistance with decision making or care planning, patient request for referral, delirium, spinal cord compression, brain or leptomeningeal metastases, within 3 months of advanced cancer diagnosis for patients with median survival of 1 year or less, and progressive disease despite second-line therapy. Consensus was also reached on 36 minor criteria for specialist palliative-care referral. These criteria, if validated, could provide guidance for identification of patients suitable for outpatient specialty palliative care.
Author Strasser, Florian
Saarto, Tiina
Kaasa, Stein
Watanabe, Sharon M
Hui, David
Cherny, Nathan
Caraceni, Augusto
Glare, Paul
Mori, Masanori
Bruera, Eduardo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: David
  surname: Hui
  fullname: Hui, David
  email: dhui@mdanderson.org
  organization: Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Masanori
  surname: Mori
  fullname: Mori, Masanori
  organization: Palliative Care Team, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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  givenname: Sharon M
  surname: Watanabe
  fullname: Watanabe, Sharon M
  organization: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Augusto
  surname: Caraceni
  fullname: Caraceni, Augusto
  organization: Palliative Care, Pain Therapy and Rehabilitation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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  givenname: Florian
  surname: Strasser
  fullname: Strasser, Florian
  organization: Oncological Palliative Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland
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  fullname: Saarto, Tiina
  organization: Department of Palliative Care, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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  surname: Cherny
  fullname: Cherny, Nathan
  organization: Cancer Pain and Palliative Medicine Service, Department of Medical Oncology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Paul
  surname: Glare
  fullname: Glare, Paul
  organization: Pain and Palliative Care Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Stein
  surname: Kaasa
  fullname: Kaasa, Stein
  organization: European Palliative Care Research Centre, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Eduardo
  surname: Bruera
  fullname: Bruera, Eduardo
  organization: Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924753$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Although outpatient specialty palliative-care clinics improve outcomes, there is no consensus on who should be referred or the optimal timing for referral. In...
Summary Although outpatient specialty palliative-care clinics improve outcomes, there is no consensus on who should be referred or the optimal timing for...
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SubjectTerms Agreements
Cancer
Clinical medicine
Consensus
Delphi Technique
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Hospice care
Humans
Interdisciplinary aspects
Likert scale
Medical prognosis
Medicine
Neoplasms - therapy
Oncology
Outpatients
Palliative Care
Patients
Referral and Consultation
Title Referral criteria for outpatient specialty palliative cancer care: an international consensus
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